The effect of symmetry potential on the balance energy of light particles emitted from mass symmetric heavy-ion collisions with isotopes,isobars and isotones
Using the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics（UrQMD） model,the balance energies of free neutrons,free protons and Z=1 particles（including free protons,deuterons and tritons） from mass symmetric heavy-ion collisions with isotopes,isobars and isotones are studied.The influence of nuclear symm...
Saved in:
| Published in | Science China. Physics, mechanics & astronomy Vol. 55; no. 12; pp. 2407 - 2413 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Heidelberg
SP Science China Press
01.12.2012
Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1674-7348 1869-1927 1869-1927 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11433-012-4922-3 |
Cover
| Abstract | Using the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics（UrQMD） model,the balance energies of free neutrons,free protons and Z=1 particles（including free protons,deuterons and tritons） from mass symmetric heavy-ion collisions with isotopes,isobars and isotones are studied.The influence of nuclear symmetry potential energy on the balance energy is emphasized.It is found that the balance energy of free neutrons is sensitive to the nuclear symmetry energy,while that of free protons is not.Particularly,the initial neutron/proton ratio dependence of the balance energy of free neutrons from Sn isotopes can be taken as a useful probe to constrain the stiffness of the nuclear symmetry energy. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Using the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model, the balance energies of free neutrons, free protons and Z=1 particles (including free protons, deuterons and tritons) from mass symmetric heavy-ion collisions with isotopes, isobars and isotones are studied. The influence of nuclear symmetry potential energy on the balance energy is emphasized. It is found that the balance energy of free neutrons is sensitive to the nuclear symmetry energy, while that of free protons is not. Particularly, the initial neutron/proton ratio dependence of the balance energy of free neutrons from Sn isotopes can be taken as a useful probe to constrain the stiffness of the nuclear symmetry energy. Using the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics（UrQMD） model,the balance energies of free neutrons,free protons and Z=1 particles（including free protons,deuterons and tritons） from mass symmetric heavy-ion collisions with isotopes,isobars and isotones are studied.The influence of nuclear symmetry potential energy on the balance energy is emphasized.It is found that the balance energy of free neutrons is sensitive to the nuclear symmetry energy,while that of free protons is not.Particularly,the initial neutron/proton ratio dependence of the balance energy of free neutrons from Sn isotopes can be taken as a useful probe to constrain the stiffness of the nuclear symmetry energy. Using the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model, the balance energies of free neutrons, free protons and Z =1 particles (including free protons, deuterons and tritons) from mass symmetric heavy-ion collisions with isotopes, isobars and isotones are studied. The influence of nuclear symmetry potential energy on the balance energy is emphasized. It is found that the balance energy of free neutrons is sensitive to the nuclear symmetry energy, while that of free protons is not. Particularly, the initial neutron/proton ratio dependence of the balance energy of free neutrons from Sn isotopes can be taken as a useful probe to constrain the stiffness of the nuclear symmetry energy. |
| Author | WANG YongJia GUO ChenChen LI QingFeng ZHANG HongFei |
| AuthorAffiliation | School of Science, Huzhou Teachers College, Huzhou 513000,China School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000, China College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: YongJia surname: Wang fullname: Wang, YongJia organization: School of Science, Huzhou Teachers College, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University – sequence: 2 givenname: ChenChen surname: Guo fullname: Guo, ChenChen organization: School of Science, Huzhou Teachers College, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University – sequence: 3 givenname: QingFeng surname: Li fullname: Li, QingFeng email: liqf@hutc.zj.cn organization: School of Science, Huzhou Teachers College – sequence: 4 givenname: HongFei surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, HongFei organization: School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University |
| BookMark | eNqNkM1u3SAUhK0qlZImeYDuqLqtWzDYmGUV9SdSpG6SNcL4cE2EwQFuIz9M3rVc-SaVuojKhiP0zZxh3lUnPnioqvcEfyYY8y-JEEZpjUlTM9E0NX1TnZG-EzURDT8pc8dZzSnrT6vLlO5xOVRgxtlZ9XQ7AQJjQGcUDErrPEOOK1pCBp-tcih4lAszKKe8LqyHuFsPrLO7KaNFxWy1g4RgtjnDiEwMM5pVSs9uVqMJ1O-1tsVLB-dsKlNCjzZPyKaQwwLpUxkGFRNSftwePaSL6q1RLsHl8T6v7r5_u736Wd_8-nF99fWm1rRvc83H1gBtse5g7EjH2l6bHo_CADaGNy03wyB6wUYQlA-4KfhAyDBQJTojiKbnVbP57v2i1kflnFyinVVcJcHy0LHcOpalY3noWNIi-riJlhge9pCyvA_76EtO2YhSPxa0bQvFN0rHkFIEI7XNKpcCclTWvepP_lH-T6bjR1Jh_Q7i30yviT4cF03B7x6K7mUTY7jrKSH0DzgSvZg |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1140_epja_i2014_14038_5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11433_017_9148_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41365_023_01269_1 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevC_94_024608 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11433_015_5775_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11433_016_0120_3 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevC_89_044603 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevC_94_034608 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11433_016_0358_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s11467_020_0964_6 crossref_primary_10_1140_epja_i2015_15037_8 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevC_90_054613 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11433_015_5673_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ppnp_2018_01_002 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevC_89_034606 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevC_91_054615 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1026 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1986 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.044617 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054612 10.1103/PhysRevC.42.R10 10.1140/epja/i2006-10101-2 10.1016/j.physrep.2004.12.004 10.1016/j.physrep.2005.02.004 10.1016/j.physletb.2011.05.002 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.044604 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.4221 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.014604 10.1103/PhysRevC.61.021602 10.1016/j.physletb.2011.02.033 10.1007/s11433-011-4616-2 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.024610 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2011.12.006 10.1103/PhysRevC.80.024316 10.1103/PhysRevC.54.2457 10.1126/science.1078070 10.1007/s12043-010-0114-8 10.1088/0954-3899/37/8/085102 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.047604 10.1146/annurev.nucl.47.1.663 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.014603 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.3500 10.1103/PhysRevC.84.014611 10.1088/0954-3899/37/8/083101 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.05.053 10.1140/epja/i2006-10143-4 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.014603 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00835-7 10.1016/j.physrep.2008.04.005 10.1007/s11433-011-4415-9 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2283 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 – notice: Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012. |
| DBID | 2RA 92L CQIGP ~WA AAYXX CITATION 8FE 8FG ABJCF AEUYN AFKRA ARAPS BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI BKSAR CCPQU DWQXO HCIFZ L6V M7S P5Z P62 PCBAR PHGZM PHGZT PKEHL PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PTHSS ADTOC UNPAY |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11433-012-4922-3 |
| DatabaseName | 维普期刊资源整合服务平台 中文科技期刊数据库-CALIS站点 维普中文期刊数据库 中文科技期刊数据库- 镜像站点 CrossRef ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest Technology Collection (LUT) Natural Science Collection Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection ProQuest One ProQuest Central SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Engineering Collection Engineering Database ProQuest advanced technologies & aerospace journals ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database Proquest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Engineering Collection Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content Unpaywall |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Technology Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Engineering Collection Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central (New) Engineering Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Engineering Database ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest SciTech Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) |
| DatabaseTitleList | Technology Collection |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: UNPAY name: Unpaywall url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/ sourceTypes: Open Access Repository – sequence: 2 dbid: 8FG name: ProQuest Technology Collection url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Physics |
| DocumentTitleAlternate | The effect of symmetry potential on the balance energy of light particles emitted from mass symmetric heavy-ion collisions with isotopes,isobars and isotones |
| EISSN | 1869-1927 |
| EndPage | 2413 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai:ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/117198 10_1007_s11433_012_4922_3 44068311 |
| GroupedDBID | -5F -5G -BR -EM -Y2 -~C .VR 06D 0VY 1N0 29~ 2B. 2C. 2J2 2JN 2JY 2KG 2KM 2LR 2RA 2VQ 2~H 30V 4.4 406 40D 40E 5VR 5VS 8UJ 92E 92I 92L 92Q 93N 95- 95. 96X AAAVM AABHQ AAFGU AAHNG AAIAL AAJKR AANZL AARHV AARTL AATNV AATVU AAUYE AAWCG AAYFA AAYIU AAYQN AAYTO ABBBX ABDZT ABECU ABFGW ABFTV ABHQN ABJCF ABJOX ABKAS ABKCH ABKTR ABMQK ABNWP ABQBU ABSXP ABTEG ABTHY ABTKH ABTMW ABWNU ABXPI ACAOD ACBMV ACBRV ACBXY ACBYP ACGFS ACHSB ACHXU ACIGE ACIPQ ACIWK ACKNC ACMDZ ACMLO ACOKC ACOMO ACREN ACSNA ACTTH ACVWB ACWMK ACZOJ ADHIR ADINQ ADKNI ADKPE ADMDM ADOXG ADRFC ADTPH ADURQ ADYFF ADYOE ADZKW AEBTG AEFTE AEGAL AEGNC AEJHL AEJRE AEOHA AEPYU AESKC AESTI AETLH AEVLU AEVTX AEXYK AFKRA AFLOW AFNRJ AFQWF AFUIB AFWTZ AFZKB AGAYW AGDGC AGGBP AGJBK AGMZJ AGQMX AGWIL AGWZB AGYKE AHAVH AHBYD AHSBF AHYZX AIAKS AIIXL AILAN AIMYW AITGF AJBLW AJDOV AJRNO AJZVZ AKQUC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALWAN AMKLP AMTXH AMXSW AMYLF AOCGG ARAPS ARMRJ AXYYD B-. BDATZ BENPR BGLVJ BGNMA BHPHI BKSAR CAG CCEZO CCPQU CCVFK CHBEP COF CQIGP CSCUP DDRTE DNIVK DPUIP EBLON EBS EIOEI EJD ESBYG FA0 FEDTE FERAY FFXSO FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRRFC FSGXE FWDCC GGCAI GGRSB GJIRD GNWQR GQ6 GQ7 HCIFZ HF~ HG6 HMJXF HRMNR HVGLF HZ~ IAO IJ- IKXTQ IWAJR IXD I~Z J-C JBSCW JZLTJ KOV LLZTM M4Y M7S MA- N2Q NB0 NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O9J P9T PCBAR PF0 PT4 PTHSS QOS R89 RIG ROL RSV S16 S3B SAP SCL SHX SISQX SJYHP SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPH SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW STPWE SZN TCJ TGP TSG TUC U2A UG4 UNUBA UOJIU UTJUX UZXMN VC2 VFIZW W23 W48 WK8 YLTOR Z7R Z7X Z7Y Z83 Z88 ZMTXR ~A9 ~WA -SA -S~ 0R~ AACDK AAJBT AASML AAXDM AAYZH ABAKF ABQSL ACDTI ACPIV AEFQL AEMSY AGQEE AGRTI AIGIU BSONS CAJEA CJPJV H13 Q-- U1G U5K AAPKM AAYXX ABBRH ABDBE ABRTQ AEUYN AFDZB AFOHR AGQPQ AHPBZ ATHPR AYFIA CITATION PHGZM PHGZT PQGLB 8FE 8FG DWQXO L6V P62 PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS ADTOC UNPAY |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c385t-7d5fe350c6ed616458cf80d9fe0ff7257fbb9894de937b02d5fb11bb3a96f91c3 |
| IEDL.DBID | BENPR |
| ISSN | 1674-7348 1869-1927 |
| IngestDate | Tue Aug 19 23:19:54 EDT 2025 Wed Aug 13 10:39:53 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 00:52:20 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:04:09 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:28:18 EST 2025 Wed Feb 14 10:43:40 EST 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 12 |
| Keywords | balance energy symmetry energy directed flow |
| Language | English |
| License | http://www.springer.com/tdm cc-by-nc |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c385t-7d5fe350c6ed616458cf80d9fe0ff7257fbb9894de937b02d5fb11bb3a96f91c3 |
| Notes | 11-5000/N symmetry energy,directed flow,balance energy Using the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics（UrQMD） model,the balance energies of free neutrons,free protons and Z=1 particles（including free protons,deuterons and tritons） from mass symmetric heavy-ion collisions with isotopes,isobars and isotones are studied.The influence of nuclear symmetry potential energy on the balance energy is emphasized.It is found that the balance energy of free neutrons is sensitive to the nuclear symmetry energy,while that of free protons is not.Particularly,the initial neutron/proton ratio dependence of the balance energy of free neutrons from Sn isotopes can be taken as a useful probe to constrain the stiffness of the nuclear symmetry energy. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/117198 |
| PQID | 2918609355 |
| PQPubID | 2044215 |
| PageCount | 7 |
| ParticipantIDs | unpaywall_primary_10_1007_s11433_012_4922_3 proquest_journals_2918609355 crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s11433_012_4922_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11433_012_4922_3 springer_journals_10_1007_s11433_012_4922_3 chongqing_primary_44068311 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2012-12-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2012-12-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 12 year: 2012 text: 2012-12-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Heidelberg |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Heidelberg – name: Beijing |
| PublicationTitle | Science China. Physics, mechanics & astronomy |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics ＆ Astronomy |
| PublicationYear | 2012 |
| Publisher | SP Science China Press Springer Nature B.V |
| Publisher_xml | – name: SP Science China Press – name: Springer Nature B.V |
| References | Li, Chen, Ko (CR4) 2008; 464 Cozma (CR9) 2011; 700 Di, Baran, Colonna (CR34) 2010; 37 Andronic, Łukasik, Reisdorf (CR27) 2006; 30 Gautam, Sood, Puri (CR22) 2011; 83 Steiner, Prakash, Lattimer (CR3) 2005; 411 Reisdorf, Leifels, Andronic (CR33) 2012; 876 Reisdorf, Ritter (CR6) 1997; 47 Shetty, Yennello (CR5) 2010; 75 (CR16) 2002; 65 Sood, Puri (CR24) 2004; 69 Chugh, Puri (CR20) 2010; 82 CR30 Gautam, Sood (CR18) 2010; 82 Li (CR8) 2000; 85 Sood, Puri (CR26) 2006; 30 Danielewicz, Lacey, Lynch (CR7) 2002; 298 Ogilvie, Bauer, Cebra (CR12) 1990; 42 Magestro, Bauer, Bjarki (CR11) 2000; 61 Li, Shen, Guo (CR32) 2011; 83 Pak, Li, Benenson (CR14) 1997; 78 Sood, Puri, Aichelin (CR25) 2004; 594 CR2 Russotto, Wu, Zoric (CR10) 2011; 697 Sood (CR17) 2011; 84 Baran, Colonna, Greco (CR35) 2005; 410 Westfall, Bauer, Craig (CR15) 1993; 71 Scalone, Colonna, Di (CR29) 1999; 461 Guo, Wang, Li (CR31) 2012; 55 Goyal (CR21) 2011; 83 Warda, Vinas, Roca-Maza (CR1) 2009; 80 Chen, Zhang, Jin (CR28) 1998; 58 Pak, Bjarki, Hannuschke (CR13) 1996; 54 Kumar, Rajni, Kumar (CR23) 2010; 82 Gautam, Chugh, Sood (CR19) 2010; 37 W. Reisdorf (4922_CR33) 2012; 876 V. Baran (4922_CR35) 2005; 410 S. Goyal (4922_CR21) 2011; 83 D. J. Magestro (4922_CR11) 2000; 61 R. Chugh (4922_CR20) 2010; 82 R. Pak (4922_CR14) 1997; 78 S. Kumar (4922_CR23) 2010; 82 P. Danielewicz (4922_CR7) 2002; 298 L. Scalone (4922_CR29) 1999; 461 4922_CR2 A. D. Sood (4922_CR17) 2011; 84 INDRA collaboration. (4922_CR16) 2002; 65 A. D. Sood (4922_CR24) 2004; 69 M. Warda (4922_CR1) 2009; 80 A. D. Sood (4922_CR26) 2006; 30 D. V. Shetty (4922_CR5) 2010; 75 Q. F. Li (4922_CR32) 2011; 83 A. W. Steiner (4922_CR3) 2005; 411 M. D. Cozma (4922_CR9) 2011; 700 P. Russotto (4922_CR10) 2011; 697 C. A. Ogilvie (4922_CR12) 1990; 42 S. Gautam (4922_CR22) 2011; 83 W. Reisdorf (4922_CR6) 1997; 47 R. Pak (4922_CR13) 1996; 54 B. A. Li (4922_CR4) 2008; 464 4922_CR30 B. A. Li (4922_CR8) 2000; 85 A. D. Sood (4922_CR25) 2004; 594 G. D. Westfall (4922_CR15) 1993; 71 T. M. Di (4922_CR34) 2010; 37 L. W. Chen (4922_CR28) 1998; 58 S. Gautam (4922_CR18) 2010; 82 S. Gautam (4922_CR19) 2010; 37 A. Andronic (4922_CR27) 2006; 30 C. C. Guo (4922_CR31) 2012; 55 |
| References_xml | – volume: 78 start-page: 1026 year: 1997 end-page: 1029 ident: CR14 article-title: Isospin dependence of the balance energy publication-title: Phys Rev Lett doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1026 – volume: 71 start-page: 1986 year: 1993 end-page: 1989 ident: CR15 article-title: Mass dependence of the disappearance of flow in nuclear collisions publication-title: Phys Rev Lett doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1986 – volume: 83 start-page: 044617 year: 2011 ident: CR32 article-title: Nonequilibrium dynamics in heavy-ion collisions at low energies available at the GSI Schwerionen Synchrotron publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.044617 – volume: 69 start-page: 054612 year: 2004 ident: CR24 article-title: Mass dependence of disappearance of transverse flow publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054612 – volume: 42 start-page: R10 year: 1990 end-page: R14 ident: CR12 article-title: Disappearance of flow and its relevance to nuclear matter physics publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.42.R10 – volume: 30 start-page: 31 year: 2006 end-page: 46 ident: CR27 article-title: Systematics of stopping and flow in Au+Au collisions publication-title: Eur Phys J A doi: 10.1140/epja/i2006-10101-2 – ident: CR2 – volume: 410 start-page: 335 year: 2005 end-page: 466 ident: CR35 article-title: Reaction dynamics with exotic beams publication-title: Phys Rep doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2004.12.004 – ident: CR30 – volume: 411 start-page: 325 year: 2005 end-page: 375 ident: CR3 article-title: Isospin asymmetry in nuclei and neutron stars publication-title: Phys Rep doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2005.02.004 – volume: 700 start-page: 139 year: 2011 end-page: 144 ident: CR9 article-title: Neutron-proton elliptic flow difference as a probe for the high density dependence of the symmetry energy publication-title: Phys Lett B doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2011.05.002 – volume: 65 start-page: 044604 year: 2002 ident: CR16 article-title: Measurements of sideward flow around the balance energy publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.044604 – volume: 85 start-page: 4221 year: 2000 end-page: 4224 ident: CR8 article-title: Neutron proton differential flow as a probe of isospin dependence of nuclear equation of state publication-title: Phys Rev Lett doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.4221 – volume: 82 start-page: 014604 year: 2010 ident: CR18 article-title: Isospin effects on the mass dependence of balance energy publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.014604 – volume: 61 start-page: 021602 (R) year: 2000 ident: CR11 article-title: Disappearance of transverse flow in Au+Au collisions publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.61.021602 – volume: 697 start-page: 471 year: 2011 end-page: 476 ident: CR10 article-title: Symmetry energy from elliptic flow in Au+ Au publication-title: Phys Lett B doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2011.02.033 – volume: 55 start-page: 252 year: 2012 end-page: 259 ident: CR31 article-title: In fluence of the symmetry energy on the balance energy of the directed flow publication-title: Sci China-Phys Mech Astron doi: 10.1007/s11433-011-4616-2 – volume: 82 start-page: 024610 year: 2010 ident: CR23 article-title: Experimental balance energies and isospin-dependent nucleon-nucleon cross-sections publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.024610 – volume: 876 start-page: 1 year: 2012 end-page: 60 ident: CR33 article-title: Systematics of azimuthal asymmetries in heavy ion collisions in the 1A GeV regime publication-title: Nucl Phys A doi: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2011.12.006 – volume: 80 start-page: 024316 year: 2009 ident: CR1 article-title: Neutron skin thickness in droplet model with surface width dependence: Indications of softness of the nuclear symmetry energy publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.80.024316 – volume: 54 start-page: 2457 year: 1996 end-page: 2462 ident: CR13 article-title: Momentum dependence of the nuclear mean field from peripheral heavy-ion collisions publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.54.2457 – volume: 298 start-page: 1592 year: 2002 end-page: 1596 ident: CR7 article-title: Determination of the equation of state of dense matter publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.1078070 – volume: 75 start-page: 259 year: 2010 end-page: 270 ident: CR5 article-title: Nuclear symmetry energy: An experimental overview publication-title: Pramana doi: 10.1007/s12043-010-0114-8 – volume: 37 start-page: 085102 year: 2010 ident: CR19 article-title: Isospin effects on the energy of vanishing flow in heavy-ion collisions publication-title: J Phys G doi: 10.1088/0954-3899/37/8/085102 – volume: 83 start-page: 047604 year: 2011 ident: CR21 article-title: Role of colliding geometry on the balance energy of mass-asymmetric systems publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.047604 – volume: 47 start-page: 663 year: 1997 end-page: 709 ident: CR6 article-title: Collective flow in heavy-ion collisions publication-title: Ann Rev Nucl Part Sci doi: 10.1146/annurev.nucl.47.1.663 – volume: 82 start-page: 014603 year: 2010 ident: CR20 article-title: Importance of momentum dependent interactions at the energy of vanishing flow publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.014603 – volume: 58 start-page: 2283 year: 1998 end-page: 2291 ident: CR28 article-title: Analysis of isospin dependence of nuclear collective flow in an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.3500 – volume: 84 start-page: 014611 year: 2011 ident: CR17 article-title: / and / dependence of balance energy as a probe of symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.84.014611 – volume: 37 start-page: 083101 year: 2010 ident: CR34 article-title: Probing the nuclear symmetry energy with heavy-ion collisions publication-title: J Phys G doi: 10.1088/0954-3899/37/8/083101 – volume: 594 start-page: 260 year: 2004 end-page: 264 ident: CR25 article-title: Disappearance of transverse flow in central collisions for heavier nuclei publication-title: Phys Lett B doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.05.053 – volume: 30 start-page: 571 year: 2006 end-page: 577 ident: CR26 article-title: Influence of momentum-dependent interactions on balance energy and mass dependence publication-title: Eur Phys J A doi: 10.1140/epja/i2006-10143-4 – volume: 83 start-page: 014603 year: 2011 ident: CR22 article-title: Isospin effects in the disappearance of flow as a function of colliding geometry publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.014603 – volume: 461 start-page: 9 year: 1999 end-page: 14 ident: CR29 article-title: Transverse flows in charge asymmetric collisions publication-title: Phys Lett B doi: 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00835-7 – volume: 464 start-page: 113 year: 2008 end-page: 281 ident: CR4 article-title: Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions publication-title: Phys Rep doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2008.04.005 – volume: 83 start-page: 047604 year: 2011 ident: 4922_CR21 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.047604 – volume: 84 start-page: 014611 year: 2011 ident: 4922_CR17 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.84.014611 – volume: 61 start-page: 021602 (R) year: 2000 ident: 4922_CR11 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.61.021602 – volume: 82 start-page: 014604 year: 2010 ident: 4922_CR18 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.014604 – ident: 4922_CR2 doi: 10.1007/s11433-011-4415-9 – volume: 700 start-page: 139 year: 2011 ident: 4922_CR9 publication-title: Phys Lett B doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2011.05.002 – volume: 83 start-page: 014603 year: 2011 ident: 4922_CR22 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.014603 – volume: 65 start-page: 044604 year: 2002 ident: 4922_CR16 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.044604 – volume: 58 start-page: 2283 year: 1998 ident: 4922_CR28 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2283 – volume: 85 start-page: 4221 year: 2000 ident: 4922_CR8 publication-title: Phys Rev Lett doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.4221 – volume: 78 start-page: 1026 year: 1997 ident: 4922_CR14 publication-title: Phys Rev Lett doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1026 – volume: 298 start-page: 1592 year: 2002 ident: 4922_CR7 publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.1078070 – volume: 30 start-page: 31 year: 2006 ident: 4922_CR27 publication-title: Eur Phys J A doi: 10.1140/epja/i2006-10101-2 – volume: 55 start-page: 252 year: 2012 ident: 4922_CR31 publication-title: Sci China-Phys Mech Astron doi: 10.1007/s11433-011-4616-2 – volume: 464 start-page: 113 year: 2008 ident: 4922_CR4 publication-title: Phys Rep doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2008.04.005 – volume: 37 start-page: 083101 year: 2010 ident: 4922_CR34 publication-title: J Phys G doi: 10.1088/0954-3899/37/8/083101 – volume: 82 start-page: 024610 year: 2010 ident: 4922_CR23 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.024610 – volume: 697 start-page: 471 year: 2011 ident: 4922_CR10 publication-title: Phys Lett B doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2011.02.033 – volume: 71 start-page: 1986 year: 1993 ident: 4922_CR15 publication-title: Phys Rev Lett doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1986 – volume: 410 start-page: 335 year: 2005 ident: 4922_CR35 publication-title: Phys Rep doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2004.12.004 – volume: 30 start-page: 571 year: 2006 ident: 4922_CR26 publication-title: Eur Phys J A doi: 10.1140/epja/i2006-10143-4 – volume: 876 start-page: 1 year: 2012 ident: 4922_CR33 publication-title: Nucl Phys A doi: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2011.12.006 – volume: 80 start-page: 024316 year: 2009 ident: 4922_CR1 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.80.024316 – volume: 82 start-page: 014603 year: 2010 ident: 4922_CR20 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.014603 – volume: 42 start-page: R10 year: 1990 ident: 4922_CR12 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.42.R10 – volume: 37 start-page: 085102 year: 2010 ident: 4922_CR19 publication-title: J Phys G doi: 10.1088/0954-3899/37/8/085102 – volume: 47 start-page: 663 year: 1997 ident: 4922_CR6 publication-title: Ann Rev Nucl Part Sci doi: 10.1146/annurev.nucl.47.1.663 – ident: 4922_CR30 – volume: 461 start-page: 9 year: 1999 ident: 4922_CR29 publication-title: Phys Lett B doi: 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00835-7 – volume: 75 start-page: 259 year: 2010 ident: 4922_CR5 publication-title: Pramana doi: 10.1007/s12043-010-0114-8 – volume: 594 start-page: 260 year: 2004 ident: 4922_CR25 publication-title: Phys Lett B doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.05.053 – volume: 69 start-page: 054612 year: 2004 ident: 4922_CR24 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054612 – volume: 54 start-page: 2457 year: 1996 ident: 4922_CR13 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.54.2457 – volume: 411 start-page: 325 year: 2005 ident: 4922_CR3 publication-title: Phys Rep doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2005.02.004 – volume: 83 start-page: 044617 year: 2011 ident: 4922_CR32 publication-title: Phys Rev C doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.044617 |
| SSID | ssj0000390474 |
| Score | 2.0329804 |
| Snippet | Using the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics（UrQMD） model,the balance energies of free neutrons,free protons and Z=1 particles（including free... Using the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model, the balance energies of free neutrons, free protons and Z =1 particles (including free... Using the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model, the balance energies of free neutrons, free protons and Z=1 particles (including free... |
| SourceID | unpaywall proquest crossref springer chongqing |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 2407 |
| SubjectTerms | Astronomy Classical and Continuum Physics Deuterons Heavy ions Ionic collisions Isotopes Molecular dynamics Neutrons Nuclear isobars Observations and Techniques Particle physics Physics Physics and Astronomy Potential energy Protons Symmetry Tritons 中子能量 同位素 对称势 相对论量子分子动力学模型 等压线 粒子 能量平衡 重离子碰撞 |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: SpringerLink Journals (ICM) dbid: U2A link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LS8QwEA66IngRn7i6yhw8qYW-tz2KKCLoyQVvIWlSXdhtq63K_hl_qzPZpqsgirc-ptPDN0kmyTdfGDv2VSh0Shr7GLxOqHTgSKFIHs8Vgg5kTEx59O1dfD0Kbx6ih7aOu7Zsd7slaXrqRbEbDu3E_fGdMCUK-jJbiUjNC4N45J93CysuzuJDo75MBHuH1FvsbuZPXkhT4aksHp_xj9_HpkXC2e2RovFrUYnZu5hMvgxDVxtsvc0f4XwO-CZb0sUWWzU8zqzeZh8IO8w5GlDmUM-mU928zKAqG6IF4ZdlAZjzgSRKY4a2pvaPbCc0TYfKMuVAT8cNpqNABSgwxRzbehtngD3428xBSIHiyJSn10BLujCuy6asdH1GVxJnzSAKNX-KneoOG11d3l9cO-0RDE4WJFHjDFWU6yBys1irGGdWUZLliavSXLt5PsTmnktJEu5KY5ojXR_NpedJGYg0zlMvC3ZZr0D_ewxUmg7lUJFeIWYtrsZbEXkqSWSslPDiPtvvgODVXGqDh5hvJIHn9ZlrkeFZK15OZ2hM-EJ2mYDlCCwnYHnQZyfdJ9bdL8YDCzdvG3HN_dRLYiNA32enNgQWr39xdtpFyd-_3v-X7wO25lPwGkLNgPWal1d9iGlRI49MM_gEh3MD0w priority: 102 providerName: Springer Nature – databaseName: Unpaywall dbid: UNPAY link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9NAEF5BKiQuvBEpBc2BE8WJ128fK0RVIVFxIFI5rfZliHBsEzut0h_Db2VmbScgpFbc8hivZfnz7jfeb75h7E1gImlz8thH8HqRsaGnpCF7PF9KasiYufLoT-fJ2SL6eBFf7M2il-tZed1X3Opq3hsNzMkznftzzlPMkO-ygyRG2j1hB4vzzydfKaFKSFMYuk5Z1GHJQ9aSjjuYrkwOSQGphgIvykm8Tj4K3-vq209cHf5ej_Ykc7cvisGbqpHbK1mWfyw9pw970VbrHAtJcfJjtunUTF__6-d4-1U9Yg8GAgonPWIeszu2esLuOSGobp-yX4gb6EUeUBfQblcr26230NQd6YrwyLoCJI2gSBOpMdYVD1JsSXk-NKPUDuxq2SGfBapggRWS9HG0pQZcAi63HmICCIiuvr0FeicMy7bu6sa27-iTwrQb8EL6X3FWfsYWpx--vD_zhh4Ong6zuPNSExc2jH2dWJNgahZnush8kxfWL4oU54tCKfKANxZ5kvIDDFecKxXKPClyrsPnbFLh-C8YmDxPVWrI8BBpj2_xq4y5yTKVGCN5MmWHu7sqmt6rQ0RIWLKQ8ynzx9ss9OB-Tk04SrH3bSaUCESJIJSIcMre7g4Zh7sh-GjEjhhmgVYEOcLROdhP2fGIp_3fNwx2vIPc7ac-_K_ol-x-QE-CU-QcsUm33thXyKs69Xp4on4DEvYa2Q priority: 102 providerName: Unpaywall |
| Title | The effect of symmetry potential on the balance energy of light particles emitted from mass symmetric heavy-ion collisions with isotopes,isobars and isotones |
| URI | http://lib.cqvip.com/qk/60109X/201212/44068311.html https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11433-012-4922-3 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2918609355 http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/117198 |
| UnpaywallVersion | submittedVersion |
| Volume | 55 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLINK - Czech Republic Consortium customDbUrl: eissn: 1869-1927 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000390474 issn: 1869-1927 databaseCode: AGYKE dateStart: 20030101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://link.springer.com providerName: Springer Nature – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLink Journals (ICM) customDbUrl: eissn: 1869-1927 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000390474 issn: 1869-1927 databaseCode: U2A dateStart: 20100101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.springerlink.com/journals/ providerName: Springer Nature |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1Nj9MwEB3ttkLigvgUXZbKB04sFvluckCooHZXIKoVotLuybJjByq1SXaTBfXP8FuZceMULuXWpBPnMJPxs_3mDcCrQEfSZKSxj8HLI21CrqQmeTxPSmrImNry6C-L5GIZfbqKr45g4WphiFbpcqJN1LrKaY_8bZD5aWLVwN_XN5y6RtHpqmuhIbvWCvqdlRg7hmFAylgDGH6YLS6_9rsuHi7xIyvNTOx7TtIu7qjT1tMheiB6UcCjjFjuJLjwoyq_3-A08u_EtUej_QEqGt-Vtdz-kuv1X3PU_CE86MAlm-6i4REcmfIx3LMkz7x5Ar8xJtiOwMGqgjXbzca0t1tWVy1xhvDJqmQICJkivmOOtrYwkGzXtIZntaPRMbNZtYhVGVWnsA0CcDfaKmeY3n9uOfqbUZDZ2vWG0X4vWzVVW9WmeUO_FC6pmSz17i5m3KewnM--fbzgXX8Gnodp3PKJjgsTxl6eGJ3gsitO8yL1dFYYrygmmAsKpUjfXRvEQMoL0Fz5vlKhzJIi8_PwGQxKHP85MJ1lEzXRJGaIkMYzeCljX6epSrSWfjKCk94Rot7pcIgIwUga-v4IPOcZkXfK5tRgYy32mszkWIGOFeRYEY7gdf-IG-6A8alzt-i-8Ebs43EEZy4E9n8fGOysj5L_v_rk8KtfwP2AotXSa05h0N7emZcIklo1huN0fj6G4fT8-vNs3H0HeHcZTPFqubicXv8ByCgTBA |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VVgguqLzULQV8gAslIu-NDxXi0WpL2xVCrdSbsWMHVtpN0ial2j_DT-G3dcYbZ-GynHrLZifOYb54xvY33wC8CnUsDSeNfQSvF2sTeUpqksfzpaSGjJktjz4Zp6Oz-Mt5cr4Gf1wtDNEq3ZxoJ2pd5bRH_i7kQZZaNfD39YVHXaPodNW10JBdawW9ZyXGusKOIzO_xiVcs3f4Gf39OgwP9k8_jbyuy4CXR1nSekOdFCZK_Dw1OsXFQ5LlReZrXhi_KIaI6EIpUinXBiO58kM0V0GgVCR5WvAgj3DcO7ARRzHHxd_Gx_3x12_9Lo8fcT-2UtDE9vdISsYdrdr6PcxWiM4UejEnVj0JPPysyh8XGLb-DZTL7Lc_sEXjq7KW82s5nf4VEw824UGXzLIPC_Q9hDVTPoK7llSaN4_hN2KQLQgjrCpYM5_NTHs5Z3XVEkcJn6xKhgkoU8SvzNHWFiKS7ZT2DFjtaHvMzCYt5saMqmHYDBN-N9okZxhOfs09xBcjUNta-YbR_jKbNFVb1aZ5S1cKl_BMlnpxF2f4J3B2K556Cusljr8FTHM-VENN4omYQvkGf8ok0FmmUq1lkA5gu3eEqBe6HyLG5CeLgmAAvvOMyDsldWroMRVLDWhyrEDHCnKsiAbwpn_EDbfCeMe5W3QzSiOW-B_AroPA8u8Vg-32KPn_q7dXv_ol3BudnhyL48Px0TO4HxJyLbVnB9bbyyvzHBO0Vr3ovgIG32_7w7sBEBtMEQ |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwEB5BEYgLggJiSylz4NQSNe9NjhV0VV5VD6zUm2XHdllpNwlNCto_w29lJomzrVQVcctjMlE04_iz_c1ngHehjqXJWWOfkteLtYk8JTXL4_lS8oaMWVce_e00PZnHn8-T82Gf08ax3d2SZF_TwCpNZXtYa3u4KXyjbp55QKEX50xHvw8PYtZJoISeh0fjJItPI_q4U2Jmsr3HSi5uZfM2L6yv8KMqL37S22_2UxvwOa6XkvFVWcv1b7lcXuuSZk_hyYAl8agP_jO4Z8pteNhxOovmOfyhFMCer4GVxWa9Wpn2co11xV9KeYdViYT_UDG9sSDbrg6QbZc8ZMfasebQrBYtQVPkYhRcEd523hYF0t_819qj8CLnVFeq3iBP7-KiqdqqNs17PlI0gkZZ6v4q_WBfwHx2_P3DiTdsx-AVUZa03lQn1kSJX6RGpzTKSrLCZr7OrfGtnVLTt0qxnLs2BHmUH5K5CgKlIpmnNg-K6CVsleT_FaDO86maatYuJATjGzqVSaCzTKVayyCdwM4YCFH3shsiJuyRRUEwAd9FRhSDkDnvp7EUGwlmDqygwAoOrIgmsD8-4tzdYbzrwi2GBt2IMA-ytBOjn8CBS4HN7TucHYxZ8u9X7_yX77fw6OzjTHz9dPrlNTwOOY87ns0ubLWXV-YNoaVW7XUt4i_JHgr7 |
| linkToUnpaywall | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9NAEF5BKiQuvBEpBc2BE8WJ128fK0RVIVFxIFI5rfZliHBsEzut0h_Db2VmbScgpFbc8hivZfnz7jfeb75h7E1gImlz8thH8HqRsaGnpCF7PF9KasiYufLoT-fJ2SL6eBFf7M2il-tZed1X3Opq3hsNzMkznftzzlPMkO-ygyRG2j1hB4vzzydfKaFKSFMYuk5Z1GHJQ9aSjjuYrkwOSQGphgIvykm8Tj4K3-vq209cHf5ej_Ykc7cvisGbqpHbK1mWfyw9pw970VbrHAtJcfJjtunUTF__6-d4-1U9Yg8GAgonPWIeszu2esLuOSGobp-yX4gb6EUeUBfQblcr26230NQd6YrwyLoCJI2gSBOpMdYVD1JsSXk-NKPUDuxq2SGfBapggRWS9HG0pQZcAi63HmICCIiuvr0FeicMy7bu6sa27-iTwrQb8EL6X3FWfsYWpx--vD_zhh4Ong6zuPNSExc2jH2dWJNgahZnush8kxfWL4oU54tCKfKANxZ5kvIDDFecKxXKPClyrsPnbFLh-C8YmDxPVWrI8BBpj2_xq4y5yTKVGCN5MmWHu7sqmt6rQ0RIWLKQ8ynzx9ss9OB-Tk04SrH3bSaUCESJIJSIcMre7g4Zh7sh-GjEjhhmgVYEOcLROdhP2fGIp_3fNwx2vIPc7ac-_K_ol-x-QE-CU-QcsUm33thXyKs69Xp4on4DEvYa2Q |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+symmetry+potential+on+the+balance+energy+of+light+particles+emitted+from+mass+symmetric+heavy-ion+collisions+with+isotopes%2C+isobars+and+isotones&rft.jtitle=Science+China.+Physics%2C+mechanics+%26+astronomy&rft.au=Wang%2C+YongJia&rft.au=Guo%2C+ChenChen&rft.au=Li%2C+QingFeng&rft.au=Zhang%2C+HongFei&rft.date=2012-12-01&rft.pub=Springer+Nature+B.V&rft.issn=1674-7348&rft.eissn=1869-1927&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2407&rft.epage=2413&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11433-012-4922-3 |
| thumbnail_s | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/custom?url=http%3A%2F%2Fimage.cqvip.com%2Fvip1000%2Fqk%2F60109X%2F60109X.jpg |