Isomerization of lactose and lactulose production: review

Lactulose is widely used in pharmaceutical, nutraceuticals and food industries because of its beneficial effects on human health. Technology of lactulose production is mainly based on the isomerization reaction of lactose in alkaline media. However, information available on this subject is very vari...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inTrends in food science & technology Vol. 18; no. 7; pp. 356 - 364
Main Authors Aider, Mohammed, Halleux, Damien de
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2007
Elsevier
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0924-2244
DOI10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005

Cover

Abstract Lactulose is widely used in pharmaceutical, nutraceuticals and food industries because of its beneficial effects on human health. Technology of lactulose production is mainly based on the isomerization reaction of lactose in alkaline media. However, information available on this subject is very varied. This study is a summary of the principal techniques used for lactulose production in order to gather maximum information in one manuscript for a better comprehension of the technological characteristics and specificities of lactulose synthesis.
AbstractList Lactulose is widely used in pharmaceutical, nutraceuticals and food industries because of its beneficial effects on human health. Technology of lactulose production is mainly based on the isomerization reaction of lactose in alkaline media. However, information available on this subject is very varied. This study is a summary of the principal techniques used for lactulose production in order to gather maximum information in one manuscript for a better comprehension of the technological characteristics and specificities of lactulose synthesis.
Author Aider, Mohammed
Halleux, Damien de
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Mohammed
  surname: Aider
  fullname: Aider, Mohammed
  email: mohammed.aider.1@ulaval.ca
  organization: Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Laval University, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Damien de
  surname: Halleux
  fullname: Halleux, Damien de
  organization: Department of Food Engineering, Université Laval, Pavillon Comtois, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada
BackLink http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18859871$$DView record in Pascal Francis
BookMark eNp9kE1LAzEQhnNQUKt_wIu96K3r5MtkxYsUPwoFD-o5xOxEUrabmmwV_fVmrSB46Gny8czMy3NAdrrYISHHFCoK9OJ8UfXB54oBqAp4BSB3yD7UTEwYE2KPHOS8gPLKpdwn9SzHJabwZfsQu3H049a6PmYc2675Oa_b4bZKsVm7gbkcJ3wP-HFIdr1tMx791hF5vr15mt5P5g93s-n1fOK4lv2EovbAlPbaeU1BaBTcCk-FFMoqdyHLJ-MSwGneIBUvlslSlYZagXqhfETONnNLhLc15t4sQ3bYtrbDuM5GKFFLqHUBT39Bm51tfbKdC9msUlja9Gmo1rLWahjINpxLMeeE_g8BMxg0CzMYNINBA9wMrkZE_2tyof9x1icb2u2tJ5tWb6Oxr6lken5kQDmAZrzEL8TVhsDisbhNJruAncMmJHS9aWLYtuAbbg2YTg
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biortech_2012_10_060
crossref_primary_10_18261_ntfe_13_2_14
crossref_primary_10_1039_C7RA01964E
crossref_primary_10_3389_fbioe_2020_00699
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fbp_2021_08_001
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_carres_2016_11_007
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11947_015_1572_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micromeso_2018_12_046
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodres_2017_10_060
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00217_020_03580_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molcatb_2011_06_007
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11274_016_2103_7
crossref_primary_10_3136_fstr_23_45
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4007902
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_2c06980
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_idairyj_2015_06_002
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fbp_2024_06_008
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2021_02_078
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbiotec_2009_12_017
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10295_010_0897_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejmech_2016_03_007
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_procbio_2020_04_025
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_carres_2019_107773
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbiotec_2015_03_016
crossref_primary_10_1021_acssuschemeng_9b07779
crossref_primary_10_1021_jf801952k
crossref_primary_10_1051_dst_2010034
crossref_primary_10_2478_prolas_2013_0064
crossref_primary_10_1039_c2fo30017f
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_crbiot_2021_02_003
crossref_primary_10_1002_jsfa_8539
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biortech_2017_01_042
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_idairyj_2021_105218
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fbio_2016_03_001
crossref_primary_10_1002_bab_1262
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodchem_2016_02_067
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_6b05599
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_idairyj_2018_02_003
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodchem_2014_10_109
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_idairyj_2018_07_019
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biotechadv_2011_08_008
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biortech_2017_02_089
crossref_primary_10_1111_ijfs_12465
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biortech_2017_02_003
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11244_013_0044_z
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12010_011_9484_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fuel_2007_11_008
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2020_126751
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_9b03705
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_carres_2018_06_009
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijfoodmicro_2011_06_003
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biortech_2017_01_037
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jfoodeng_2013_05_011
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_seppur_2019_05_053
crossref_primary_10_1111_1471_0307_12173
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_carres_2016_07_015
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_0c07073
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodres_2009_11_008
crossref_primary_10_3168_jds_2015_9900
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodres_2014_07_040
crossref_primary_10_3168_jds_2015_10037
crossref_primary_10_1002_jsfa_9076
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_1c00384
crossref_primary_10_5713_ajas_19_0152
crossref_primary_10_1002_jsfa_8384
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_procbio_2024_07_027
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11157_016_9402_1
crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1471_0307_2010_00648_x
crossref_primary_10_3923_javaa_2010_2537_2545
crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2621_2009_02129_x
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12602_018_9427_6
crossref_primary_10_1111_jfpe_12413
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biortech_2015_04_039
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_4c08638
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnagi_2020_00226
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lwt_2025_117380
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_8b02333
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2023_e13154
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12934_017_0841_3
crossref_primary_10_1002_jsfa_8529
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fm_2017_11_001
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_idairyj_2011_09_016
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcat_2013_06_016
crossref_primary_10_3390_foods9060784
crossref_primary_10_1017_S0022029909004063
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00449_019_02270_y
crossref_primary_10_1590_1678_457x_03817
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0072766
crossref_primary_10_47836_ifrj_31_1_07
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodchem_2017_04_080
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodchem_2018_03_069
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodchem_2023_135974
crossref_primary_10_3168_jds_2014_8120
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbiotec_2015_06_394
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_8b02152
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00223_017_0339_3
crossref_primary_10_5352_JLS_2016_26_12_1477
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biortech_2018_12_018
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_idairyj_2010_05_004
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ifset_2013_09_013
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tetlet_2012_04_103
crossref_primary_10_1039_C9GC02823D
crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_2621_2010_02278_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jece_2022_108413
crossref_primary_10_1021_acscatal_5b00316
crossref_primary_10_1111_1541_4337_12215
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biotechadv_2022_108021
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11947_011_0700_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biortech_2011_11_016
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_idairyj_2021_105249
crossref_primary_10_1021_jf0721343
crossref_primary_10_1080_87559129_2021_1983590
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lwt_2018_12_045
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsfoodscitech_3c00229
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tifs_2018_09_009
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ifset_2012_05_007
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2025_140974
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00253_013_4998_3
crossref_primary_10_1111_ijfs_12776
crossref_primary_10_1002_jsfa_3694
Cites_doi 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)83143-2
10.1016/S0966-842X(98)01224-4
10.1128/AEM.66.6.2682-2684.2000
10.1080/00365521.1997.11720716
10.1016/S0958-6946(02)00158-9
10.1016/S0958-6946(03)00032-3
10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00898.x
10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00201-9
10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01609.x
10.1021/ja01503a055
10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00239-4
10.1016/S0958-6946(99)00046-1
10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.08.006
10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00563-9
10.1093/jn/125.6.1401
10.1079/BJN2002531
10.1016/0016-5085(95)90192-2
10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00100-5
10.1079/BJN/2002529
10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.05.042
10.1021/ja01368a060
10.1016/S0958-6946(98)00071-5
10.1016/S0958-2118(00)89208-3
10.1016/j.ab.2006.11.010
10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.05.017
10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00060-6
10.1093/jn/127.3.444
10.1136/bmj.318.7189.999
10.1016/0960-8524(94)90180-5
10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1682S
10.1016/S0032-9592(01)00251-5
10.1089/109287502760079160
10.1021/jf00122a028
10.1016/0361-3658(82)90030-3
10.1016/j.burns.2004.11.017
10.1016/S0096-5332(08)60392-6
10.1016/j.jnn.2006.05.003
10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb13605.x
10.1079/PNS2002225
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2007 Elsevier Ltd
2007 INIST-CNRS
Copyright_xml – notice: 2007 Elsevier Ltd
– notice: 2007 INIST-CNRS
DBID FBQ
AAYXX
CITATION
IQODW
7S9
L.6
DOI 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005
DatabaseName AGRIS
CrossRef
Pascal-Francis
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: FBQ
  name: AGRIS
  url: http://www.fao.org/agris/Centre.asp?Menu_1ID=DB&Menu_2ID=DB1&Language=EN&Content=http://www.fao.org/agris/search?Language=EN
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Economics
Engineering
EndPage 364
ExternalDocumentID 18859871
10_1016_j_tifs_2007_03_005
US201300823474
S0924224407000830
GroupedDBID --K
--M
.~1
0R~
123
1B1
1RT
1~.
1~5
29Q
4.4
457
4G.
53G
5VS
7-5
71M
8P~
9JM
AABNK
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAHBH
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALCJ
AALRI
AAOAW
AAQFI
AAQXK
AATLK
AAXKI
AAXUO
ABFNM
ABFRF
ABGRD
ABGSF
ABJNI
ABMAC
ABUDA
ABWVN
ABXDB
ACDAQ
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIWK
ACPRK
ACRLP
ACRPL
ADBBV
ADEZE
ADMUD
ADNMO
ADQTV
ADUVX
AEBSH
AEFWE
AEHWI
AEIPS
AEKER
AENEX
AEQOU
AFJKZ
AFRAH
AFTJW
AFXIZ
AGHFR
AGRDE
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHHHB
AIEXJ
AIKHN
AITUG
AKRWK
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMRAJ
ANKPU
ASPBG
AVWKF
AXJTR
AZFZN
BKOJK
BLXMC
CS3
DU5
EBS
EFJIC
EJD
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
FDB
FEDTE
FGOYB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-2
G-Q
GBLVA
HLV
HVGLF
HZ~
IHE
J1W
K-O
KOM
LW9
M41
MO0
N9A
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OZT
P-8
P-9
P2P
PC.
Q38
R2-
RIG
ROL
RPZ
SAB
SCC
SDF
SDG
SDP
SES
SEW
SPCBC
SSA
SSU
SSZ
T5K
WH7
WUQ
Y6R
~G-
~KM
AATTM
BNPGV
FBQ
SSH
AAYWO
AAYXX
ACVFH
ADCNI
AEUPX
AFPUW
AGCQF
AGQPQ
AGRNS
AIGII
AIIUN
AKBMS
AKYEP
APXCP
CITATION
EFKBS
IQODW
7S9
ACLOT
EFLBG
L.6
~HD
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c385t-1e8f0278f8cf81048e43a4f14547a7c6502723500c83de14ba25de17809707b13
IEDL.DBID AIKHN
ISSN 0924-2244
IngestDate Sat Sep 27 22:19:46 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 09:16:26 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 04:02:27 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:09:25 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 09:44:23 EDT 2025
Mon Mar 03 15:06:21 EST 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 7
Keywords Lactose
Review
Lactulose
Isomerization
Production
Language English
License https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0
CC BY 4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c385t-1e8f0278f8cf81048e43a4f14547a7c6502723500c83de14ba25de17809707b13
Notes http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
PQID 47495098
PQPubID 24069
PageCount 9
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_47495098
pascalfrancis_primary_18859871
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tifs_2007_03_005
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_tifs_2007_03_005
fao_agris_US201300823474
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_tifs_2007_03_005
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2007-07-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2007-07-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 07
  year: 2007
  text: 2007-07-00
PublicationDecade 2000
PublicationPlace Oxford
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Oxford
PublicationTitle Trends in food science & technology
PublicationYear 2007
Publisher Elsevier Ltd
Elsevier
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Ltd
– name: Elsevier
References Lodigin, A. D. (1999). Process for complex treatment of bifidogenic component from milk whey. Master of Science thesis. Stavropol University (Russia). 126 pp.
Lian, Hsiao, Chou (bib29) 2002; 86
U.S. Patent № 5034064. (1991). Production process of high purity lactulose syrup.
Ghaly, Ramkumar, Sadaka, Rochon (bib18) 2000; 42
U.S. Patent № 4273922. (1981). Ketose sugars from aldose sugars.
France Patent № 2147925. Method for lactulose production and new co-products. 19.05.1972.
Matvievsky, V. Y. (1979). Investigation of process for lactose/lactulose syrup production for infantile food. Master of Science thesis. Uglich Institute (Russia). 252 pp.
Delzenne (bib11) 2003; 62
Wainwright (bib84) 2006; 12
Stomberg, Semchenko (bib65) 1999
Polyansky, Shestov (bib51) 1995
Russian Patent № 737462. Method for lactose/lactulose syrup production. 1995.
Kochetkov, N. K., & Bochkov, A. F. (1967). Chemistry of carbohydrates. Moscow. 672 pp.
Park, Kroll (bib44) 1993; 8
Patent of Austria № 288595. Method for lactulose concentrate production. 07.02.1969.
Olguin, Araya, Hirsch, Brunser, Ayala, Rivera, Gotteland (bib43) 2005; 31
Sako, Matsumoto, Tanaka (bib62) 1999; 9
Ziemer, Gibson (bib79) 1998; 8
Montilla, del Castillo, Sanz, Olano (bib41) 2005; 90
Sapronov (bib63) 1975
Parrish, Hicks, Doner (bib45) 1980; 63
Pereligin, Podgornov, Sitnikov (bib50) 1999; 4
Shin, Lee, Petska, Ustunol (bib64) 2000; 65
U.S. Patent № 4264763. Process for producing lactulose. 28.04.1981.
Mizota (bib38) 1996; 313
European Patent № 0320670. (1990). Process for preparing lactulose from lactose by epimerization with sodium aluminate.
Hodge (bib81) 1955
Rudenko, Bobrovnik (bib55) 1999; 6
Bouhnik, Flourie, Agay-Abensour, Pochart, Gramet, Carrobi (bib4) 1990; 52
Chou, Hou (bib7) 2000; 56
Strohmaier (bib66) 1998; 9804
U.S. Patent № 4957564. (1990). Process for preparing lactulose from lactose by epimerization with sodium aluminate.
,
Chen, Zhang, Xiao (bib6) 1998; 111
Patent of Germany № 2224680. Method for lactulose syrup production. 19.05.1972.
Patent of Great Britain № 2031430. Process for lactulose production. 29.09.1978.
U.S. Patent № 3272705. Lactulose as a laxative. Patented 13.09.1966.
Dalev, Tsoneva (bib9) 1982; 12
Lankaputhra, Shah (bib28) 1995; 30-3
Hicks, Raupp, Smith (bib22) 1984; 32
Patent of Germany №;. 297999. Method for lactulose production. 20.06.1990.
Martin (bib34) 1996; 313
Rudenko (bib54) 1999; 2-3
Alander, Matto, Kneifel, Johansson, Ogler, Crittenden (bib1) 2001; 11
Berg (bib3) 1998; 6
Clark, Martin (bib8) 1994; 29-3
Lindmark-Mansson, Fonden, Pettersson (bib30) 2003; 13
Villamiel, Corzo, Foda, Montes, Olano (bib77) 2002; 76-1
Russian Patent № 1392104. Method for lactose/lactulose syrup production. 04.06.1985.
U.S. Patent № 3514327. (1970). Isomerization of glucose, maltose and lactose with amino compounds.
Ballongue, Schumann, Quignon (bib2) 1997; 32
Ryabtsova, S. A. (1992). Improvement of lactulose technology. Master of Science thesis. Stavropol University (Russia). 158 pp.
Roberfroid (bib53) 2002; 87
European Patent № 0339749. (1991). Method of preparing lactulose.
Mawson (bib36) 1994; 47
Montgomery, Hudson (bib40) 1930; 52
Russian Patent № 97120603/13. Method for lactulose production. 11.12.1997.
Gotteland, Cruchet, Verbeke (bib21) 2001; 15
Roberfroid (bib52) 2000; 71
Yakovleva, O. N. (1963). Method for carbohydrate production for infantile food. Master of Science thesis. State University of Kiev.
Saarela, Hallamaa, Mattila-Sandholm, Matto (bib61) 2003; 13
Hramstov, Sinelnokov, Evdokimov, Piabtsova, Serov (bib82) 2004
Russian Patent № 2101358. Method for lactulose syrup production. 14.03.1994.
Donkor, O. N., Nilmini, S. L. I., Stolic, P., Vasiljevic, T., & Shah, N. P. (2007). Survival and activity of selected probiotic organisms in set-type yoghurt during cold storage.
Honda, Matsumoto, Kuroki, Iida, Oka, Sawatani (bib23) 1999; 34
Durand (bib13) 1997; 127
Macfarlane, Cummings (bib32) 1999; 318
Mizota, Tamura, Tomita, Okonogi (bib39) 1987; 212
Katz, J. A. (2006). Probiotics, prebiotics, and commensal bacteria: perspectives and clinical applications in gastroenterology. An issue of Gastroenterology Clinics. Gastroenterology, 131 (Book Review, pp. 1655).
U.S. Patent № 3814174. (1971). Process for preparing a lactulose syrup.
Gibson, Beatty, Wang, Cummings (bib19) 1995; 108
Ninonuevo, Ward, LoCascio, German, Freeman, Barboza, Mills, Lebrilla (bib42) 2007; 361
Kosaric, Asher (bib27) 1982; 5
Tamura, Mizota, Shimamura, Tomita (bib67) 1993; 289
Gibson, Roberfroid (bib20) 1995; 125
Calli, Yukselen (bib5) 2004; 19
De la Fuente, Juárez, de Rafael, Villamiel, Olano (bib10) 1999; 66-3
Marteau, Boutron-Ruault (bib33) 2002; 87
U.S. Patent № 3546206. Method for lactulose syrup production. 08.12.1970.
Zokaee, Kaghazchi, Zare, Soleimani (bib80) 2002; 37
Ferchichi, Crabbe, Gil, Hintz, Almadidy (bib16) 2005; 120
Kaplan, Hutkins (bib24) 2000; 66
U.S. Patent № 4536221. Process for preparing lactulose from lactose, in the form of syrup or a crystalline product. 01.08.1983.
(6), 657–665.
Mendicino (bib37) 1960; 20
Montgomery (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib40) 1930; 52
Park (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib44) 1993; 8
Gibson (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib20) 1995; 125
Villamiel (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib77) 2002; 76-1
Lankaputhra (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib28) 1995; 30-3
Roberfroid (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib52) 2000; 71
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib71
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib70
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib73
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib72
Rudenko (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib55) 1999; 6
Shin (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib64) 2000; 65
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib68
Hramstov (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib82) 2004
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib26
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib25
Clark (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib8) 1994; 29-3
Martin (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib34) 1996; 313
Mawson (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib36) 1994; 47
Parrish (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib45) 1980; 63
Hodge (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib81) 1955
Lindmark-Mansson (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib30) 2003; 13
Ninonuevo (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib42) 2007; 361
Zokaee (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib80) 2002; 37
Wainwright (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib84) 2006; 12
Kosaric (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib27) 1982; 5
Calli (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib5) 2004; 19
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib83
Bouhnik (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib4) 1990; 52
Saarela (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib61) 2003; 13
Ziemer (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib79) 1998; 8
Gibson (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib19) 1995; 108
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib35
Montilla (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib41) 2005; 90
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib78
Hicks (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib22) 1984; 32
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib31
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib75
Rudenko (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib54) 1999; 2-3
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib74
Olguin (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib43) 2005; 31
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib76
Alander (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib1) 2001; 11
Ballongue (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib2) 1997; 32
Tamura (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib67) 1993; 289
Delzenne (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib11) 2003; 62
Pereligin (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib50) 1999; 4
Lian (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib29) 2002; 86
De la Fuente (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib10) 1999; 66-3
Sako (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib62) 1999; 9
Sapronov (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib63) 1975
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib46
Mizota (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib39) 1987; 212
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib48
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib47
Macfarlane (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib32) 1999; 318
Chen (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib6) 1998; 111
Mizota (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib38) 1996; 313
Stomberg (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib65) 1999
Polyansky (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib51) 1995
Strohmaier (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib66) 1998; 9804
Ghaly (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib18) 2000; 42
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib49
Kaplan (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib24) 2000; 66
Gotteland (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib21) 2001; 15
Honda (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib23) 1999; 34
Dalev (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib9) 1982; 12
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib60
Berg (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib3) 1998; 6
Ferchichi (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib16) 2005; 120
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib57
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib12
Roberfroid (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib53) 2002; 87
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib56
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib15
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib59
Durand (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib13) 1997; 127
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib14
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib58
10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib17
Marteau (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib33) 2002; 87
Chou (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib7) 2000; 56
Mendicino (10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib37) 1960; 20
References_xml – volume: 52
  start-page: 300
  year: 1990
  end-page: 307
  ident: bib4
  article-title: Process for preparing lactulose
  publication-title: Dairy Science
– start-page: 169
  year: 1955
  end-page: 205
  ident: bib81
  article-title: The Amadori Rearrangement
  publication-title: Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry, (10)
– reference: Ryabtsova, S. A. (1992). Improvement of lactulose technology. Master of Science thesis. Stavropol University (Russia). 158 pp.
– reference: U.S. Patent № 5034064. (1991). Production process of high purity lactulose syrup.
– volume: 108
  start-page: 975
  year: 1995
  end-page: 982
  ident: bib19
  article-title: Selective stimulation of bifidobacteria in the human colon by oligofructose and inulin
  publication-title: Gastroenterology
– reference: U.S. Patent № 4536221. Process for preparing lactulose from lactose, in the form of syrup or a crystalline product. 01.08.1983.
– volume: 37
  start-page: 629
  year: 2002
  end-page: 635
  ident: bib80
  article-title: Isomerization of lactose to lactulose-study and comparison of three catalytic systems
  publication-title: Process Biochemistry
– reference: European Patent № 0339749. (1991). Method of preparing lactulose.
– reference: Yakovleva, O. N. (1963). Method for carbohydrate production for infantile food. Master of Science thesis. State University of Kiev.
– reference: Russian Patent № 737462. Method for lactose/lactulose syrup production. 1995.
– volume: 4
  start-page: 52
  year: 1999
  end-page: 53
  ident: bib50
  article-title: Calcium hydroxide dissociation aqueous media
  publication-title: Food Technology (Russia)
– volume: 12
  start-page: 130
  year: 2006
  end-page: 137
  ident: bib84
  article-title: Does the addition of prebiotics to infant formula have beneficial effects for the baby
  publication-title: Journal of Neonatal Nursing
– volume: 111
  start-page: 381
  year: 1998
  end-page: 382
  ident: bib6
  article-title: A preliminary clinical study of bifidobacteria preparation on treatment of diarrhea in severely burned patients
  publication-title: Chinese Medical Journal
– reference: Matvievsky, V. Y. (1979). Investigation of process for lactose/lactulose syrup production for infantile food. Master of Science thesis. Uglich Institute (Russia). 252 pp.
– reference: U.S. Patent № 4273922. (1981). Ketose sugars from aldose sugars.
– volume: 63
  start-page: 1809
  year: 1980
  end-page: 1814
  ident: bib45
  article-title: Analysis of lactulose preparations by spectrophotometric and high performance liquid chromatographic methods
  publication-title: Journal of Dairy Science
– volume: 62
  start-page: 177
  year: 2003
  end-page: 182
  ident: bib11
  article-title: Oligosaccharides: state of the art
  publication-title: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
– volume: 86
  start-page: 293
  year: 2002
  end-page: 301
  ident: bib29
  article-title: Viability of microencapsulated bifidobacteria in simulated gastric juice and bile solution
  publication-title: International Journal of Food Microbiology
– reference: Russian Patent № 1392104. Method for lactose/lactulose syrup production. 04.06.1985.
– volume: 127
  start-page: 444
  year: 1997
  end-page: 448
  ident: bib13
  article-title: Administration of transgalacto-oligosaccharides increases fecal bifidobacteria modifies colonic fermentation metabolism in healthy humans
  publication-title: Journal of Nutrition
– volume: 6
  start-page: 23
  year: 1999
  end-page: 28
  ident: bib55
  article-title: Effect of nitrogenized components on dyes formation in
  publication-title: Food Technology (Russia)
– year: 1995
  ident: bib51
  article-title: Lactose crystallization: physico-chemical bases
– volume: 87
  start-page: 139
  year: 2002
  end-page: 143
  ident: bib53
  article-title: Functional foods: concepts and application to inulin and oligofructose
  publication-title: British Journal of Nutrition
– reference: Kochetkov, N. K., & Bochkov, A. F. (1967). Chemistry of carbohydrates. Moscow. 672 pp.
– reference: U.S. Patent № 3546206. Method for lactulose syrup production. 08.12.1970.
– volume: 19
  start-page: 143
  year: 2004
  end-page: 150
  ident: bib5
  article-title: Anaerobic treatment by a hybrid reactor
  publication-title: Environmental Engineering Science
– volume: 66
  start-page: 2682
  year: 2000
  end-page: 2684
  ident: bib24
  article-title: Fermentation of fructooligosaccharides by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria
  publication-title: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
– volume: 76-1
  start-page: 7
  year: 2002
  end-page: 11
  ident: bib77
  article-title: Lactulose formation catalyzed by alkaline-substituted sepiolites in milk permeate
  publication-title: Food Chemistry
– volume: 313
  start-page: 43
  year: 1996
  end-page: 48
  ident: bib38
  article-title: Lactulose as a growth promoting factor for
  publication-title: International Dairy Federation Bulletin
– volume: 125
  start-page: 1401
  year: 1995
  end-page: 1412
  ident: bib20
  article-title: Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiotica: introducing the concept of prebiotics
  publication-title: Journal of Nutrition
– volume: 47
  start-page: 195
  year: 1994
  end-page: 203
  ident: bib36
  article-title: Bioconversion for whey utilisation and waste abatement
  publication-title: Bioresource Technology
– volume: 90
  start-page: 883
  year: 2005
  end-page: 890
  ident: bib41
  article-title: Egg shell as catalyst of lactose isomerisation to lactulose
  publication-title: Food Chemistry
– reference: Patent of Austria № 288595. Method for lactulose concentrate production. 07.02.1969.
– reference: Russian Patent № 2101358. Method for lactulose syrup production. 14.03.1994.
– reference: U.S. Patent № 3514327. (1970). Isomerization of glucose, maltose and lactose with amino compounds.
– volume: 42
  start-page: 173
  year: 2000
  end-page: 183
  ident: bib18
  article-title: Effect of reseeding and pH control on the performance of a two-stage mesophilic anaerobic digester operating on acid cheese whey
  publication-title: Canadian Agricultural Engineering
– reference: Katz, J. A. (2006). Probiotics, prebiotics, and commensal bacteria: perspectives and clinical applications in gastroenterology. An issue of Gastroenterology Clinics. Gastroenterology, 131 (Book Review, pp. 1655).
– reference: Russian Patent № 97120603/13. Method for lactulose production. 11.12.1997.
– volume: 65
  start-page: 884
  year: 2000
  end-page: 887
  ident: bib64
  article-title: Growth and viability of commercial
  publication-title: Journal of Food Science
– reference: Patent of Great Britain № 2031430. Process for lactulose production. 29.09.1978.
– volume: 34
  start-page: 200
  year: 1999
  end-page: 205
  ident: bib23
  article-title: Protective effect of lactosucrose on intracolonic indomethacin induced small intestinal ulcers in rats
  publication-title: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
– reference: (6), 657–665.
– volume: 31
  start-page: 482
  year: 2005
  end-page: 488
  ident: bib43
  article-title: Prebiotic ingestion does not improve gastrointestinal barrier function in burn patients
  publication-title: Burns
– volume: 9
  start-page: 69
  year: 1999
  end-page: 80
  ident: bib62
  article-title: Recent progress on research and applications of non-digestible galacto-oligosaccharides
  publication-title: International Dairy Journal
– reference: ,
– reference: U.S. Patent № 4264763. Process for producing lactulose. 28.04.1981.
– volume: 5
  start-page: 23
  year: 1982
  end-page: 32
  ident: bib27
  article-title: Cheese whey and its utilization
  publication-title: Conservation & Recycling
– reference: Donkor, O. N., Nilmini, S. L. I., Stolic, P., Vasiljevic, T., & Shah, N. P. (2007). Survival and activity of selected probiotic organisms in set-type yoghurt during cold storage.
– volume: 11
  start-page: 817
  year: 2001
  end-page: 825
  ident: bib1
  article-title: Effect of galacto-oligosaccharide supplementation on human faecal microflora and on survival and persistence of
  publication-title: International Dairy Journal
– volume: 6
  start-page: 89
  year: 1998
  end-page: 92
  ident: bib3
  article-title: Probiotics, prebiotics or “conbiotics
  publication-title: Trends in Microbiology
– volume: 8
  start-page: 473
  year: 1998
  end-page: 479
  ident: bib79
  article-title: An overview of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in the functional food concept: perspectives and future strategies
  publication-title: International Dairy Journal
– reference: U.S. Patent № 3814174. (1971). Process for preparing a lactulose syrup.
– reference: Patent of Germany № 2224680. Method for lactulose syrup production. 19.05.1972.
– volume: 29-3
  start-page: 18
  year: 1994
  end-page: 21
  ident: bib8
  article-title: Selection of bifidobacteria for use as dietary adjuncts in cultured dairy foods: III – tolerance to simulated bile concentrations of human small intestines
  publication-title: Cultured Dairy Product Journal
– volume: 12
  start-page: 95
  year: 1982
  end-page: 102
  ident: bib9
  article-title: Method for lactulose production from lactose
  publication-title: In works of The Russian Chemical and pharmacological Institute
– volume: 212
  start-page: 69
  year: 1987
  end-page: 76
  ident: bib39
  article-title: Lactulose as a sugar with physiological significance
  publication-title: International Dairy Federation Bulletin
– volume: 87
  start-page: S153
  year: 2002
  end-page: S157
  ident: bib33
  article-title: Nutritional advantages of probiotics and prebiotics
  publication-title: British Journal of Nutrition
– volume: 8
  start-page: 653
  year: 1993
  end-page: 661
  ident: bib44
  article-title: Expression of lysteriolysin and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C is repressed by the plant-derived molecule cellobiose in Listeria monocytogenes
  publication-title: Molecular Microbiology
– volume: 13
  start-page: 409
  year: 2003
  end-page: 425
  ident: bib30
  article-title: Composition of Swedish dairy milk
  publication-title: International Dairy Journal
– volume: 318
  start-page: 999
  year: 1999
  end-page: 1003
  ident: bib32
  article-title: Probiotics and prebiotics: can regulating the activities of intestinal bacteria benefit health
  publication-title: BMJ
– volume: 13
  start-page: 291
  year: 2003
  end-page: 302
  ident: bib61
  article-title: The effect of lactose derivates lactulose, lactitol and lactobionic acid on the functional and technological properties of potentially probiotic
  publication-title: International Dairy Journal
– volume: 289
  start-page: 43
  year: 1993
  end-page: 53
  ident: bib67
  article-title: Lactulose and its application to the food and pharmaceutical industries
  publication-title: International Dairy Federation Bulletin
– volume: 32
  start-page: 288
  year: 1984
  end-page: 292
  ident: bib22
  article-title: Preparations and purification of lactulose from sweet cheese whey ultrafiltrate
  publication-title: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
– volume: 56
  start-page: 113
  year: 2000
  end-page: 121
  ident: bib7
  article-title: Growth of bifidobacteria in soymilk and their survival in the fermented soymilk drink during storage
  publication-title: International Journal of Food Microbiology
– volume: 71
  start-page: 1682S
  year: 2000
  end-page: 1687S
  ident: bib52
  article-title: Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods
  publication-title: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
– volume: 32
  start-page: 41
  year: 1997
  end-page: 44
  ident: bib2
  article-title: Effects of lactulose and lactitol on colonic microflora and enzymatic activity
  publication-title: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
– volume: 120
  start-page: 402
  year: 2005
  end-page: 409
  ident: bib16
  article-title: Influence of initial pH on hydrogen production from cheese whey
  publication-title: Journal of Biotechnology
– volume: 2-3
  start-page: 30
  year: 1999
  end-page: 32
  ident: bib54
  article-title: D-Glucose transformation in alkaline media in presence of glycin
  publication-title: Food Technology (Russia)
– year: 1975
  ident: bib63
  article-title: Molecular dyes and their effect on sugar quality
– reference: France Patent № 2147925. Method for lactulose production and new co-products. 19.05.1972.
– reference: European Patent № 0320670. (1990). Process for preparing lactulose from lactose by epimerization with sodium aluminate.
– volume: 15
  start-page: 11
  year: 2001
  end-page: 17
  ident: bib21
  article-title: Effect of
  publication-title: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
– volume: 9804
  start-page: 262
  year: 1998
  end-page: 271
  ident: bib66
  article-title: Lactulose: status of health-related applications
  publication-title: International Dairy Federation Bulletin
– reference: U.S. Patent № 4957564. (1990). Process for preparing lactulose from lactose by epimerization with sodium aluminate.
– year: 2004
  ident: bib82
  publication-title: Scientific fundaments of lactulose technology
– volume: 361
  start-page: 15
  year: 2007
  end-page: 23
  ident: bib42
  article-title: Methods for the quantitation of human milk oligosaccharides in bacterial fermentation by mass spectrometry
  publication-title: Analytical Biochemistry
– volume: 20
  start-page: 4975
  year: 1960
  end-page: 4979
  ident: bib37
  article-title: Effect of borate on the alkali-catalyzed isomerization of sugars
  publication-title: Journal of American Chemical Society
– volume: 313
  start-page: 49
  year: 1996
  end-page: 51
  ident: bib34
  article-title: Technical consideration for incorporating bifidobacteria and bifidogenic factor into dairy products
  publication-title: International Dairy Federation Bulletin
– reference: Patent of Germany №;. 297999. Method for lactulose production. 20.06.1990.
– reference: Lodigin, A. D. (1999). Process for complex treatment of bifidogenic component from milk whey. Master of Science thesis. Stavropol University (Russia). 126 pp.
– volume: 52
  start-page: 2101
  year: 1930
  end-page: 2111
  ident: bib40
  article-title: Relations between rotating power and structure in the sugar group. Synthesis of new disaccharide ketoses from lactose
  publication-title: Journal of American Chemical Society
– volume: 30-3
  start-page: 2
  year: 1995
  end-page: 7
  ident: bib28
  article-title: .Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and
  publication-title: Cultured Dairy Product Journal
– reference: U.S. Patent № 3272705. Lactulose as a laxative. Patented 13.09.1966.
– year: 1999
  ident: bib65
  article-title: Physical chemistry
– volume: 66-3
  start-page: 301
  year: 1999
  end-page: 306
  ident: bib10
  article-title: Isomerization of lactose catalyzed by alkaline-substituted sepiolites
  publication-title: Food Chemistry
– volume: 63
  start-page: 1809
  year: 1980
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib45
  article-title: Analysis of lactulose preparations by spectrophotometric and high performance liquid chromatographic methods
  publication-title: Journal of Dairy Science
  doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)83143-2
– volume: 111
  start-page: 381
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib6
  article-title: A preliminary clinical study of bifidobacteria preparation on treatment of diarrhea in severely burned patients
  publication-title: Chinese Medical Journal
– volume: 6
  start-page: 23
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib55
  article-title: Effect of nitrogenized components on dyes formation in d glucose/amino acids model solutions
  publication-title: Food Technology (Russia)
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib58
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib83
– volume: 6
  start-page: 89
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib3
  article-title: Probiotics, prebiotics or “conbiotics
  publication-title: Trends in Microbiology
  doi: 10.1016/S0966-842X(98)01224-4
– volume: 66
  start-page: 2682
  issue: 6
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib24
  article-title: Fermentation of fructooligosaccharides by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria
  publication-title: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.66.6.2682-2684.2000
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib68
– volume: 32
  start-page: 41
  issue: 222
  year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib2
  article-title: Effects of lactulose and lactitol on colonic microflora and enzymatic activity
  publication-title: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
  doi: 10.1080/00365521.1997.11720716
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib70
– volume: 13
  start-page: 291
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib61
  article-title: The effect of lactose derivates lactulose, lactitol and lactobionic acid on the functional and technological properties of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains
  publication-title: International Dairy Journal
  doi: 10.1016/S0958-6946(02)00158-9
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib35
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib31
– volume: 52
  start-page: 300
  issue: 4
  year: 1990
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib4
  article-title: Process for preparing lactulose
  publication-title: Dairy Science
– volume: 289
  start-page: 43
  year: 1993
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib67
  article-title: Lactulose and its application to the food and pharmaceutical industries
  publication-title: International Dairy Federation Bulletin
– volume: 13
  start-page: 409
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib30
  article-title: Composition of Swedish dairy milk
  publication-title: International Dairy Journal
  doi: 10.1016/S0958-6946(03)00032-3
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib26
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib78
– volume: 30-3
  start-page: 2
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib28
  article-title: .Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. in the presence of acid and bile salts
  publication-title: Cultured Dairy Product Journal
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib49
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib74
– volume: 15
  start-page: 11
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib21
  article-title: Effect of Lactobacillus ingestion on the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier alterations induced by indomethacin in humans
  publication-title: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00898.x
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib60
– volume: 56
  start-page: 113
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib7
  article-title: Growth of bifidobacteria in soymilk and their survival in the fermented soymilk drink during storage
  publication-title: International Journal of Food Microbiology
  doi: 10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00201-9
– volume: 9804
  start-page: 262
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib66
  article-title: Lactulose: status of health-related applications
  publication-title: International Dairy Federation Bulletin
– volume: 8
  start-page: 653
  year: 1993
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib44
  article-title: Expression of lysteriolysin and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C is repressed by the plant-derived molecule cellobiose in Listeria monocytogenes
  publication-title: Molecular Microbiology
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01609.x
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib15
– volume: 20
  start-page: 4975
  year: 1960
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib37
  article-title: Effect of borate on the alkali-catalyzed isomerization of sugars
  publication-title: Journal of American Chemical Society
  doi: 10.1021/ja01503a055
– volume: 76-1
  start-page: 7
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib77
  article-title: Lactulose formation catalyzed by alkaline-substituted sepiolites in milk permeate
  publication-title: Food Chemistry
  doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00239-4
– volume: 9
  start-page: 69
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib62
  article-title: Recent progress on research and applications of non-digestible galacto-oligosaccharides
  publication-title: International Dairy Journal
  doi: 10.1016/S0958-6946(99)00046-1
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib57
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib12
  doi: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.08.006
– volume: 86
  start-page: 293
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib29
  article-title: Viability of microencapsulated bifidobacteria in simulated gastric juice and bile solution
  publication-title: International Journal of Food Microbiology
  doi: 10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00563-9
– volume: 125
  start-page: 1401
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib20
  article-title: Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiotica: introducing the concept of prebiotics
  publication-title: Journal of Nutrition
  doi: 10.1093/jn/125.6.1401
– volume: 87
  start-page: S153
  issue: 2
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib33
  article-title: Nutritional advantages of probiotics and prebiotics
  publication-title: British Journal of Nutrition
  doi: 10.1079/BJN2002531
– volume: 313
  start-page: 49
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib34
  article-title: Technical consideration for incorporating bifidobacteria and bifidogenic factor into dairy products
  publication-title: International Dairy Federation Bulletin
– volume: 108
  start-page: 975
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib19
  article-title: Selective stimulation of bifidobacteria in the human colon by oligofructose and inulin
  publication-title: Gastroenterology
  doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90192-2
– volume: 2-3
  start-page: 30
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib54
  article-title: D-Glucose transformation in alkaline media in presence of glycin
  publication-title: Food Technology (Russia)
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib25
– volume: 313
  start-page: 43
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib38
  article-title: Lactulose as a growth promoting factor for Bifidobacterium and its physiological aspects
  publication-title: International Dairy Federation Bulletin
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib73
– volume: 11
  start-page: 817
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib1
  article-title: Effect of galacto-oligosaccharide supplementation on human faecal microflora and on survival and persistence of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 in the gastrointestinal tract
  publication-title: International Dairy Journal
  doi: 10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00100-5
– volume: 42
  start-page: 173
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib18
  article-title: Effect of reseeding and pH control on the performance of a two-stage mesophilic anaerobic digester operating on acid cheese whey
  publication-title: Canadian Agricultural Engineering
– year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib82
– year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib51
– volume: 4
  start-page: 52
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib50
  article-title: Calcium hydroxide dissociation aqueous media
  publication-title: Food Technology (Russia)
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib46
– volume: 87
  start-page: 139
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib53
  article-title: Functional foods: concepts and application to inulin and oligofructose
  publication-title: British Journal of Nutrition
  doi: 10.1079/BJN/2002529
– volume: 90
  start-page: 883
  issue: 4
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib41
  article-title: Egg shell as catalyst of lactose isomerisation to lactulose
  publication-title: Food Chemistry
  doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.05.042
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib14
– volume: 52
  start-page: 2101
  year: 1930
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib40
  article-title: Relations between rotating power and structure in the sugar group. Synthesis of new disaccharide ketoses from lactose
  publication-title: Journal of American Chemical Society
  doi: 10.1021/ja01368a060
– year: 1975
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib63
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib56
– volume: 8
  start-page: 473
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib79
  article-title: An overview of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in the functional food concept: perspectives and future strategies
  publication-title: International Dairy Journal
  doi: 10.1016/S0958-6946(98)00071-5
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib59
  doi: 10.1016/S0958-2118(00)89208-3
– volume: 361
  start-page: 15
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib42
  article-title: Methods for the quantitation of human milk oligosaccharides in bacterial fermentation by mass spectrometry
  publication-title: Analytical Biochemistry
  doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.11.010
– volume: 120
  start-page: 402
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib16
  article-title: Influence of initial pH on hydrogen production from cheese whey
  publication-title: Journal of Biotechnology
  doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.05.017
– volume: 66-3
  start-page: 301
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib10
  article-title: Isomerization of lactose catalyzed by alkaline-substituted sepiolites
  publication-title: Food Chemistry
  doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00060-6
– volume: 127
  start-page: 444
  year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib13
  article-title: Administration of transgalacto-oligosaccharides increases fecal bifidobacteria modifies colonic fermentation metabolism in healthy humans
  publication-title: Journal of Nutrition
  doi: 10.1093/jn/127.3.444
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib47
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib72
– volume: 318
  start-page: 999
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib32
  article-title: Probiotics and prebiotics: can regulating the activities of intestinal bacteria benefit health
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.318.7189.999
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib76
– volume: 34
  start-page: 200
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib23
  article-title: Protective effect of lactosucrose on intracolonic indomethacin induced small intestinal ulcers in rats
  publication-title: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
– volume: 47
  start-page: 195
  year: 1994
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib36
  article-title: Bioconversion for whey utilisation and waste abatement
  publication-title: Bioresource Technology
  doi: 10.1016/0960-8524(94)90180-5
– volume: 71
  start-page: 1682S
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib52
  article-title: Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods
  publication-title: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
  doi: 10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1682S
– volume: 37
  start-page: 629
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib80
  article-title: Isomerization of lactose to lactulose-study and comparison of three catalytic systems
  publication-title: Process Biochemistry
  doi: 10.1016/S0032-9592(01)00251-5
– volume: 19
  start-page: 143
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib5
  article-title: Anaerobic treatment by a hybrid reactor
  publication-title: Environmental Engineering Science
  doi: 10.1089/109287502760079160
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib71
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib17
– volume: 32
  start-page: 288
  year: 1984
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib22
  article-title: Preparations and purification of lactulose from sweet cheese whey ultrafiltrate
  publication-title: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
  doi: 10.1021/jf00122a028
– volume: 5
  start-page: 23
  year: 1982
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib27
  article-title: Cheese whey and its utilization
  publication-title: Conservation & Recycling
  doi: 10.1016/0361-3658(82)90030-3
– volume: 212
  start-page: 69
  year: 1987
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib39
  article-title: Lactulose as a sugar with physiological significance
  publication-title: International Dairy Federation Bulletin
– volume: 29-3
  start-page: 18
  year: 1994
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib8
  article-title: Selection of bifidobacteria for use as dietary adjuncts in cultured dairy foods: III – tolerance to simulated bile concentrations of human small intestines
  publication-title: Cultured Dairy Product Journal
– volume: 12
  start-page: 95
  year: 1982
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib9
  article-title: Method for lactulose production from lactose
  publication-title: In works of The Russian Chemical and pharmacological Institute
– volume: 31
  start-page: 482
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib43
  article-title: Prebiotic ingestion does not improve gastrointestinal barrier function in burn patients
  publication-title: Burns
  doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2004.11.017
– start-page: 169
  year: 1955
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib81
  article-title: The Amadori Rearrangement
  doi: 10.1016/S0096-5332(08)60392-6
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib48
– ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib75
– volume: 12
  start-page: 130
  issue: 4
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib84
  article-title: Does the addition of prebiotics to infant formula have beneficial effects for the baby
  publication-title: Journal of Neonatal Nursing
  doi: 10.1016/j.jnn.2006.05.003
– year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib65
– volume: 65
  start-page: 884
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib64
  article-title: Growth and viability of commercial Bifidobacterium spp. in skim milk containing oligosaccharides and inulin
  publication-title: Journal of Food Science
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb13605.x
– volume: 62
  start-page: 177
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005_bib11
  article-title: Oligosaccharides: state of the art
  publication-title: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
  doi: 10.1079/PNS2002225
SSID ssj0005355
Score 2.2743936
Snippet Lactulose is widely used in pharmaceutical, nutraceuticals and food industries because of its beneficial effects on human health. Technology of lactulose...
SourceID proquest
pascalfrancis
crossref
fao
elsevier
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 356
SubjectTerms Biological and medical sciences
chemical structure
Food industries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
health benifits
health foods
health promotion
hydroxylation
isomerization
lactose
lactulose
prebiotics
Title Isomerization of lactose and lactulose production: review
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2007.03.005
https://www.proquest.com/docview/47495098
Volume 18
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnR1Nb9Mw9GnrDsABjQFaYSs5cEOhcWzXDrdpYuqo2IFRsZvlODYqqpKKtFd-O-8lzsaE2IGT48hPenrPeR95XwBvXS4cn5UUVq_KVKjMpdY7mXpX6KpwLsy6qSWfr2bzpfh0I2_24HyohaG0yij7e5neSev4ZhqpOd2sVtPrDF0HVEDokXSGBPrtBzlqez2Cg7PLxfzqLtODd8NP6XxKALF2pk_z2q5CGzsZUq9T-S_9tB9sQ4mTtkXahX7oxV_yu1NKF4fwNFqTyVmP8DPY8_URPBqKjdsjePJHv8HnUFy2DUVo-tLLpAnJmsbttD6xddU979a02_RtYPHMh6SvbXkBy4uPX8_naZydkDqu5TZlXgcKKgbtgkaXS3vBrQiM-ndZ5dAuy1XOZZY5zSvPRGlziavSWaEyVTL-EkZ1U_tjSHCfh4oxFXQQzElbMurxzsWsygvNxBjYQDHjYmNxmm-xNkMG2Q9DVKaJl8pk3CCVx_DuFmbTt9V48LQcGGHuXQ6Dcv9BuGPkmrHfUV6a5XVOUVqKLAqFSE_usfIOC61lgV7kGN4MvDX4xVEYxda-2bUGoQs0s_Sr_8TqNTwefhBn7ARG2587f4qWzbacwP77X2wS7y-tiy_fFr8BX2L1Vg
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LT9wwEB5ReqAcKp7apQVy6A2lG8f22umtQkULBS6wEjfLcWy01SpZNbtXfjszeVBQBQdOeWgsjWac8Uxm5huAby4Vjo9zSqsXeSxU4mLrnYy9y3SRORfGzdSSq-vxZCou7uTdGpz2vTBUVtnZ_tamN9a6ezPqpDlazGajmwRDBzyAMCJpHAmM2z8KGnOAm_r7w7M6D96MPiXqmMi7zpm2yGs5C3WHY0hIp_K10-lDsBWVTdoaJRfakRf_We_mSDrbgs-dLxn9bNndhjVf7sBG32pc78DmM7TBXcjO64ryM23jZVSFaE7Ddmof2bJo7ldzelq0ILBI8yNqO1v2YHr26_Z0EneTE2LHtVzGzOtAKcWgXdAYcGkvuBWBEXqXVQ69slSlXCaJ07zwTOQ2lXhVOslUonLG92G9rEo_gAif01AwpoIOgjlpc0YI71yMizTTTAyB9RIzroMVp-kWc9PXj_0xJGWad6lMwg1KeQgnT2sWLajGm9SyV4R5sTUMWv031w1Qa8beo7U005uUcrSUVxQKmT56ocp_XGgtM4whh3Dc69bg90ZJFFv6alUbXJ2hk6UP3snVMWxMbq8uzeX59e8v8Kn_VZywr7C-_Lvyh-jjLPOjZg8_Aqnj9HU
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Isomerization+of+lactose+and+lactulose+production%3A+review&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+food+science+%26+technology&rft.au=Aider%2C+Mohammed&rft.au=Halleux%2C+Damien+de&rft.date=2007-07-01&rft.issn=0924-2244&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=356&rft.epage=364&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.tifs.2007.03.005&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_tifs_2007_03_005
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0924-2244&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0924-2244&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0924-2244&client=summon