Relationship between habitual diet and blood glucose and lipids in non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM)

• Published in: Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 15; no. 6; pp. 843 - 857
• Main Authors: Wolever, Thomas MS, Nguyen, Phu-My, Chiasson, Jean-Louis, Hunt, John A, Josse, Robert G, Palmason, Carol, Rodger, N Wilson, Ross, Stuart A, Ryan, Edmond A, Tan, Meng H
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.06.1995; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: alcoholic beverages; AZUCAR EN SANGRE; AZUCARES; BEBIDAS ALCOHOLICAS; Biological and medical sciences; blood glucose; blood lipids; blood serum; BOISSON ALCOOLISEE; CANADA; CARBOHIDRATOS; Carbohydrate; CHOLESTEROL; COLESTEROL; CORPS GRAS; DIABETE; DIABETES; diabetes mellitus; Diet; DIETA; dietary carbohydrate; dietary fat; dietary fiber; Dietary fibre; disease surveys; drug therapy; ENCUESTAS SANITARIAS; energy intake; ENQUETE PATHOLOGIQUE; Feeding. Feeding behavior; FEMME; FIBRA DE LA DIETA; FIBRE ALIMENTAIRE; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; GLUCIDE; GLUCOSIDE; glucosides; GLUCOSIDOS; Glycaemic index; glycemic index; GRASAS; hemoglobin; HEMOGLOBINA; HEMOGLOBINE; HEMOLIPIDOS; high density lipoprotein; HOMBRES; HOMME; INGESTION DE NUTRIENTES; INGESTION DE SUBSTANCES NUTRITIVES; LIPIDE SANGUIN; LIPOPROTEINAS; LIPOPROTEINE; men; MUJERES; NIDDM; nutrient intake; REGIME ALIMENTAIRE; SERUM SANGUIN; SUCRE DU SANG; SUCRES; SUERO SANGUINEO; sugars; TERAPEUTICA MEDICAMENTOSA; THERAPEUTIQUE MEDICAMENTEUSE; triacylglycerols; TRIGLICERIDOS; TRIGLYCERIDE; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; women; Canada; Carbohydrate; Dietary fibre; Diet; Glycaemic index; NIDDM; Endocrinopathy; Human; Lipemia; Nutrition; Food habit; Nutrient; Dietary fiber; Non insulin dependent diabetes; Glycemia; Feeding
• ISSN: 0271-5317; 1879-0739
• DOI: 10.1016/0271-5317(95)00050-S

The relationships (adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration and BMI) between habitual diet and blood glucose and lipids in NIDDM subjects from 7 cities in Canada were studied using duplicate 3-day diet records and measurements of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbAlc), serum total (TC) and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). In subjects treated by diet alone (n=75), HbAlc was inversely related to carbohydrate intake (r= −0.302, p=0.01) and directly to diet glycaemic index (r=0.321, p<0.01). In subjects on metformin (n=82), FPG was inversely related to dietary fibre (r=−0.265, p<0.02). In insulin-treated subjects (n=87), HbAlc was inversely related to carbohydrate (r=−0.303, p<0.01), fibre (r=−0.345, P<0.01) and simple sugars (r= −0.219, p<0.05) and positively to fat (r=0.313, p<0.01). Carbohydrate intake tended to be inversely related to HDL (p<0.05 only in subjects on insulin) but was not related to TG. Diet glycaemic index was related to TG in insulin-treated subjects with raised TG (r=0.504, p<0.02). These results suggest that high carbohydrate and fibre intakes and low diet glycaemic index may be associated with improved blood glucose control in some persons with NIDDM, especially those treated with diet alone or insulin. There was no evidence that high intake of carbohydrate or simple sugars was related to raised serum triglycerides.