Extraction of valuable metals from low-grade nickeliferous laterite ore by reduction roasting-ammonia leaching method
Nickel and cobalt were extracted from low-grade nickeliferous laterite ore using a reduction roasting-ammonia leaching method. The reduction roasting-ammonia leaching experimental tests were chiefly introduced, by which fine coal was used as a reductant. The results show that the optimum process con...
Saved in:
| Published in | Journal of Central South University of Technology. Science & technology of mining and metallurgy Vol. 17; no. 4; pp. 765 - 769 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Heidelberg
Central South University
01.08.2010
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1005-9784 1993-0666 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11771-010-0554-9 |
Cover
| Abstract | Nickel and cobalt were extracted from low-grade nickeliferous laterite ore using a reduction roasting-ammonia leaching method. The reduction roasting-ammonia leaching experimental tests were chiefly introduced, by which fine coal was used as a reductant. The results show that the optimum process conditions are confirmed as follows: in reduction roasting process, the mass fraction of reductant in the ore is 10%, roasting time is 120 min, roasting temperature is 1 023–1 073 K; in ammonia leaching process, the liquid-to-solid ratio is 4:1(mL/g), leaching temperature is 313 K, leaching time is 120 min, and concentration ratio of NH
3
to CO
2
is 90 g/L:60 g/L. Under the optimum conditions, leaching efficiencies of nickel and cobalt are 86.25% and 60.84%, respectively. Therefore, nickel and cobalt can be effectively reclaimed, and the leaching agent can be also recycled at room temperature and normal pressure. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Nickel and cobalt were extracted from low-grade nickeliferous laterite ore using a reduction roasting-ammonia leaching method. The reduction roasting-ammonia leaching experimental tests were chiefly introduced, by which fine coal was used as a reductant. The results show that the optimum process conditions are confirmed as follows: in reduction roasting process, the mass fraction of reductant in the ore is 10%, roasting time is 120 min, roasting temperature is 1 023–1 073 K; in ammonia leaching process, the liquid-to-solid ratio is 4:1(mL/g), leaching temperature is 313 K, leaching time is 120 min, and concentration ratio of NH
3
to CO
2
is 90 g/L:60 g/L. Under the optimum conditions, leaching efficiencies of nickel and cobalt are 86.25% and 60.84%, respectively. Therefore, nickel and cobalt can be effectively reclaimed, and the leaching agent can be also recycled at room temperature and normal pressure. |
| Author | Shi, Wen-tang Chen, Sheng-li Guo, Xue-yi Li, Dong |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sheng-li surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Sheng-li organization: School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Jinchuan Nonferrous Metals Company – sequence: 2 givenname: Xue-yi surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Xue-yi email: xyguo@mail.csu.edu.cn organization: School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University – sequence: 3 givenname: Wen-tang surname: Shi fullname: Shi, Wen-tang organization: School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University – sequence: 4 givenname: Dong surname: Li fullname: Li, Dong organization: School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University |
| BookMark | eNp9kE1OwzAQRi1UJErpAdj5AgY7cexkiaryIyGxgXVkO-PWkNjIdoDenkRlxaKrGY3mfZp5l2jhgweErhm9YZTK28SYlIxQRgmtKk6aM7RkTVMSKoRYTD2lFWlkzS_QOiWnKavropFVvUTj9idHZbILHgeLv1Q_Kt0DHiCrPmEbw4D78E12UXWAvTMf0DsLMYwJ9ypDdBlwiID1AUfoxmNSDCpl53dEDUPwTuEelNlPgzl3H7ordG6neFj_1RV6u9--bh7J88vD0-bumZiyZpkA5aKjUsqmolyCsKq02ha8FrZiGgpe2lqXvKi5NlIZIak0mismOgaGqqpcIXnMNTGkFMG2xmU1nzg97fqW0XYW2B4FtpPAdhbYNhPJ_pGf0Q0qHk4yxZFJ067fQWzfwxj99OAJ6BdHp4es |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hydromet_2015_09_027 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mineng_2013_06_014 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11771_024_5673_9 crossref_primary_10_2320_matertrans_M2017086 crossref_primary_10_3390_met11091496 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mineng_2024_109044 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4197982 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cjche_2024_05_011 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11663_020_01841_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma13214992 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1003_6326_19_65126_5 crossref_primary_10_15407_ufm_24_01_173 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_psep_2025_106944 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11771_021_4838_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s11771_023_5356_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jece_2022_108936 crossref_primary_10_1021_acssuschemeng_1c05721 crossref_primary_10_1088_1757_899X_409_1_012027 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hydromet_2022_105862 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1003_6326_22_66009_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11771_016_3046_8 crossref_primary_10_1166_jno_2021_2941 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_seppur_2020_116779 crossref_primary_10_1021_acssuschemeng_0c00219 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma14216731 crossref_primary_10_3390_min7060098 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ceramint_2015_03_030 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_resconrec_2021_105784 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_seppur_2022_122614 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12613_012_0538_x |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.05.017 10.1016/S0892-6875(01)00181-9 10.1016/S0304-386X(00)00086-4 10.2355/isijinternational.43.181 10.1016/j.hydromet.2004.05.006 10.1016/j.mineng.2008.08.002 10.1007/s11837-005-0250-7 10.1016/j.hydromet.2005.08.007 10.1080/08827500008914177 10.1016/S0304-386X(98)00023-1 10.1016/S0304-386X(03)00043-4 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11771-010-0554-9 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1993-0666 |
| EndPage | 769 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1007_s11771_010_0554_9 |
| GroupedDBID | -5G -BR -Y2 .86 .VR 06D 0VY 188 2.D 29K 29~ 2J2 2KG 2LR 2VQ 2~H 30V 4.4 406 408 40E 5GY 6NX 8RM 8TC 8UJ 95. 95~ 96X AABHQ AAHTB AARTL AAWCG ABFTV ABJNI ABJOX ABKCH ABMNI ABPEJ ABQSL ACGFS ACOMO ADHHG ADURQ ADYFF AEGAL AEGNC AFGCZ AFWTZ AGDGC AGGDS AJRNO ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMKLP AMYQR AZFZN B-. BA0 BGNMA CAG COF CS3 CSCUP CW9 D-I DPUIP DU5 EBS EJD FEDTE GQ6 H13 HG6 HMJXF HRMNR HVGLF IJ- IXD I~X I~Z JBSCW KOV M4Y MA- N2Q NDZJH NF0 NQJWS NU0 O93 O9G O9I P19 P9P PF0 PT5 QOK QOS R9I RHV RIG RNI ROL RPX RSV RZK S1Z S26 S27 S28 S3B SAP SCV SDH SNX SOJ SZN T13 T16 TSG TUC U2A UGNYK UZ4 VC2 Z8N Z92 _50 ~02 AAYXX ADHKG AGQPQ CITATION |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c381t-e046d077795047e6fa3fbf2486f51be243f8b34284bc7ac6707cb4a16d1ec0a53 |
| IEDL.DBID | U2A |
| ISSN | 1005-9784 |
| IngestDate | Thu Apr 24 23:05:34 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 02:42:50 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:27:51 EST 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | false |
| IsScholarly | false |
| Issue | 4 |
| Keywords | nickel cobalt low-grade nickeliferous laterite ore reduction roasting extraction ammonia leaching |
| Language | English |
| License | http://www.springer.com/tdm |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c381t-e046d077795047e6fa3fbf2486f51be243f8b34284bc7ac6707cb4a16d1ec0a53 |
| PageCount | 5 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s11771_010_0554_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11771_010_0554_9 springer_journals_10_1007_s11771_010_0554_9 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2010-08-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2010-08-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2010 text: 2010-08-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Heidelberg |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Heidelberg |
| PublicationSubtitle | Science & Technology of Mining and Metallurgy |
| PublicationTitle | Journal of Central South University of Technology. Science & technology of mining and metallurgy |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | J. Cent. South Univ. Technol |
| PublicationYear | 2010 |
| Publisher | Central South University |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Central South University |
| References | Li, Cheng, Xiao (CR1) 2004; 23 Kasherininov (CR24) 1960; 33 CR2 Cui, Xue, Xu (CR5) 1997; 6 CR4 Valix, Tang, Cheung (CR17) 2001; 14 Li, Tang, Liu (CR8) 2007; 38 King (CR9) 2005; 57 Coto, Galizia, Hernadez, Marrero, Donati (CR14) 2008; 94 Kar, Swamy, Murthy (CR15) 2000; 56 Whittington, Mcdonald, Johnson, Muir (CR12) 2003; 70 Fu, Hu, Li, Wang, Li, Li (CR20) 2009; 29 He (CR3) 2001; 12 Liu, Zhai, Wang (CR7) 2006; 20 Agatzini Leonardou, Zafiratos (CR18) 2004; 74 Purwanto, Shimada, Takahashi, Yagi (CR19) 2003; 43 Power, Geiger (CR10) 1997; 9 Chang, Zhai, Fu, Li, Zhang (CR21) 2008; 24 Bcrgrnan (CR6) 2003; 1072 Whittington, Muir (CR11) 2000; 21 Xu, Xie, Yan, Yang (CR16) 2005; 80 Caron (CR23) 1950; 188 Georgiou, Papangelakis (CR13) 1998; 49 Mohapatra, Pradhan, Mohanty, Sukla (CR22) 2009; 22 Y.-b. Xu (554_CR16) 2005; 80 R. A. Bcrgrnan (554_CR6) 2003; 1072 B. I. Whittington (554_CR12) 2003; 70 M. H. Caron (554_CR23) 1950; 188 M. G. King (554_CR9) 2005; 57 D. Georgiou (554_CR13) 1998; 49 M. Valix (554_CR17) 2001; 14 B. Whittington (554_CR11) 2000; 21 J.-h. Li (554_CR1) 2004; 23 S. Agatzini Leonardou (554_CR18) 2004; 74 S. Mohapatra (554_CR22) 2009; 22 H.-hua. He (554_CR3) 2001; 12 Y. Liu (554_CR7) 2006; 20 Y.-f. Chang (554_CR21) 2008; 24 O. Coto (554_CR14) 2008; 94 H. Purwanto (554_CR19) 2003; 43 B. B. Kar (554_CR15) 2000; 56 L. F. Power (554_CR10) 1997; 9 H.-t. Cui (554_CR5) 1997; 6 X.-m. Li (554_CR8) 2007; 38 554_CR2 G. O. Kasherininov (554_CR24) 1960; 33 554_CR4 F.-m. Fu (554_CR20) 2009; 29 |
| References_xml | – volume: 94 start-page: 18 issue: 1/4 year: 2008 end-page: 22 ident: CR14 article-title: Cobalt and nickel recoveries from laterite tailings by organic and inorgnic bio-acids [J] publication-title: Hydrometallurgy doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.05.017 – volume: 188 start-page: 67 year: 1950 end-page: 90 ident: CR23 article-title: Fundamental and practical factors in ammonia leaching of nickel and cobalt ores [J] publication-title: Metals – volume: 23 start-page: 191 issue: 4 year: 2004 end-page: 194 ident: CR1 article-title: Review on process technologies of laterite-nickel ore [J] publication-title: Hydrometallurgy of China – volume: 14 start-page: 1629 issue: 12 year: 2001 end-page: 1635 ident: CR17 article-title: The effects of mineralogy on the biological leaching of nickel laterite ore [J] publication-title: Mineral Engineering doi: 10.1016/S0892-6875(01)00181-9 – volume: 33 start-page: 1225 issue: 6 year: 1960 end-page: 1236 ident: CR24 article-title: Behaviour of iron in ammonia solutions during leaching of cobalt from its ores [J] publication-title: J Appl Chem VSSR – ident: CR4 – ident: CR2 – volume: 56 start-page: 387 issue: 3 year: 2000 end-page: 394 ident: CR15 article-title: Design of experiments to study the extraction of nickel from lateritic ore by sulphatization using sulphuric acid [J] publication-title: Hydrometallurgy doi: 10.1016/S0304-386X(00)00086-4 – volume: 38 start-page: 24 issue: 4 year: 2007 end-page: 28 ident: CR8 article-title: Technology of treating nickel-bearing laterite [J] publication-title: Ferro-alloys – volume: 43 start-page: 181 issue: 2 year: 2003 end-page: 186 ident: CR19 article-title: Recovery of nickel from selectively reduced laterite ore by sulphuric acid leaching[J] publication-title: ISIJ International doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.43.181 – volume: 1072 start-page: 127 year: 2003 end-page: 138 ident: CR6 article-title: Nickel production from low-iron laterite ores: process descriptions [J] publication-title: CIM Bulletin – volume: 74 start-page: 267 issue: 3/4 year: 2004 end-page: 275 ident: CR18 article-title: Beneficiation of a Greek serpentinic nickeliferous ore. Part II: Sulphuric acid heap and agitation leaching [J] publication-title: Hydrometallurgy doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2004.05.006 – volume: 22 start-page: 311 issue: 3 year: 2009 end-page: 313 ident: CR22 article-title: Recovery of nickel from lateritic nickel ore using Aspergillus Niger and optimization of parameters [J] publication-title: Minerals Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2008.08.002 – volume: 12 start-page: 1 issue: 6 year: 2001 end-page: 3 ident: CR3 article-title: Present situation and development trend of world nickel industry [J] publication-title: Nonferrous Smelting – volume: 6 start-page: 43 issue: 2 year: 1997 end-page: 55 ident: CR5 article-title: China’s nickel metallurgical process development and technological progress [J] publication-title: Mining and Metallurgy – volume: 20 start-page: 79 issue: 3 year: 2006 end-page: 81 ident: CR7 article-title: Research on production process of nickel [J] publication-title: Materials Review – volume: 9 start-page: 32 issue: 1 year: 1997 end-page: 50 ident: CR10 article-title: The application of the reduction roast-ammoniacal ammonium carbonate leach to nickel laterites [J] publication-title: Minerals Science – volume: 57 start-page: 35 issue: 7 year: 2005 end-page: 39 ident: CR9 article-title: Nickel laterite technology—Finally a new dawn? [J] publication-title: JOM doi: 10.1007/s11837-005-0250-7 – volume: 80 start-page: 280 issue: 4 year: 2005 end-page: 285 ident: CR16 article-title: A new method for recovering valuable metals from low-grade nickeliferous oxide ores [J] publication-title: Hydrometallurgy doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2005.08.007 – volume: 21 start-page: 527 issue: 6 year: 2000 end-page: 600 ident: CR11 article-title: Pressure acid leaching of nickel laterites: A review [J] publication-title: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review doi: 10.1080/08827500008914177 – volume: 70 start-page: 31 issue: 1/3 year: 2003 end-page: 46 ident: CR12 article-title: Pressure acid leaching of Bulong nickel laterite ore. Part I: Effect of water quality [J] publication-title: Hydrometallurgy – volume: 24 start-page: 241 issue: 4 year: 2008 end-page: 245 ident: CR21 article-title: Sulphuric acid leaching kinetics of pre-reduced laterite ores [J] publication-title: Journal of Molecular Science – volume: 29 start-page: 74 issue: 4 year: 2009 end-page: 76 ident: CR20 article-title: Reduction leaching of lateritic nickel by dilute hydrochloric acid solution [J] publication-title: Mining and Metallurgical Engineering – volume: 49 start-page: 23 issue: 1/2 year: 1998 end-page: 46 ident: CR13 article-title: Sulphuric acid pressure leaching of a limonitic laterite: Chemistry and kinetics [J] publication-title: Hydrometallurgy doi: 10.1016/S0304-386X(98)00023-1 – volume: 33 start-page: 1225 issue: 6 year: 1960 ident: 554_CR24 publication-title: J Appl Chem VSSR – volume: 9 start-page: 32 issue: 1 year: 1997 ident: 554_CR10 publication-title: Minerals Science – volume: 49 start-page: 23 issue: 1/2 year: 1998 ident: 554_CR13 publication-title: Hydrometallurgy doi: 10.1016/S0304-386X(98)00023-1 – volume: 74 start-page: 267 issue: 3/4 year: 2004 ident: 554_CR18 publication-title: Hydrometallurgy doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2004.05.006 – volume: 12 start-page: 1 issue: 6 year: 2001 ident: 554_CR3 publication-title: Nonferrous Smelting – volume: 20 start-page: 79 issue: 3 year: 2006 ident: 554_CR7 publication-title: Materials Review – volume: 43 start-page: 181 issue: 2 year: 2003 ident: 554_CR19 publication-title: ISIJ International doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.43.181 – volume: 57 start-page: 35 issue: 7 year: 2005 ident: 554_CR9 publication-title: JOM doi: 10.1007/s11837-005-0250-7 – volume: 24 start-page: 241 issue: 4 year: 2008 ident: 554_CR21 publication-title: Journal of Molecular Science – volume: 1072 start-page: 127 year: 2003 ident: 554_CR6 publication-title: CIM Bulletin – volume: 29 start-page: 74 issue: 4 year: 2009 ident: 554_CR20 publication-title: Mining and Metallurgical Engineering – volume: 14 start-page: 1629 issue: 12 year: 2001 ident: 554_CR17 publication-title: Mineral Engineering doi: 10.1016/S0892-6875(01)00181-9 – volume: 21 start-page: 527 issue: 6 year: 2000 ident: 554_CR11 publication-title: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review doi: 10.1080/08827500008914177 – volume: 188 start-page: 67 year: 1950 ident: 554_CR23 publication-title: Metals – volume: 23 start-page: 191 issue: 4 year: 2004 ident: 554_CR1 publication-title: Hydrometallurgy of China – ident: 554_CR4 – volume: 70 start-page: 31 issue: 1/3 year: 2003 ident: 554_CR12 publication-title: Hydrometallurgy doi: 10.1016/S0304-386X(03)00043-4 – volume: 80 start-page: 280 issue: 4 year: 2005 ident: 554_CR16 publication-title: Hydrometallurgy doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2005.08.007 – volume: 6 start-page: 43 issue: 2 year: 1997 ident: 554_CR5 publication-title: Mining and Metallurgy – volume: 38 start-page: 24 issue: 4 year: 2007 ident: 554_CR8 publication-title: Ferro-alloys – volume: 94 start-page: 18 issue: 1/4 year: 2008 ident: 554_CR14 publication-title: Hydrometallurgy doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.05.017 – volume: 56 start-page: 387 issue: 3 year: 2000 ident: 554_CR15 publication-title: Hydrometallurgy doi: 10.1016/S0304-386X(00)00086-4 – volume: 22 start-page: 311 issue: 3 year: 2009 ident: 554_CR22 publication-title: Minerals Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2008.08.002 – ident: 554_CR2 |
| SSID | ssib018829758 ssib007693381 ssib006703082 ssib009269323 ssib031806839 ssib007693222 ssib004297288 ssj0062408 ssib022315861 |
| Score | 1.5669553 |
| Snippet | Nickel and cobalt were extracted from low-grade nickeliferous laterite ore using a reduction roasting-ammonia leaching method. The reduction roasting-ammonia... |
| SourceID | crossref springer |
| SourceType | Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 765 |
| SubjectTerms | Engineering Metallic Materials |
| Title | Extraction of valuable metals from low-grade nickeliferous laterite ore by reduction roasting-ammonia leaching method |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11771-010-0554-9 |
| Volume | 17 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLink Journals (ICM) customDbUrl: eissn: 1993-0666 dateEnd: 20111231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0062408 issn: 1005-9784 databaseCode: U2A dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.springerlink.com/journals/ providerName: Springer Nature |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LS8QwEA66XvQgPvFNDp6UQNskTXsU2WXx4MmFvZW8Kgt1K20X9d-bSdt9gAoeA9NAJ_NkZr5B6NZGmlopDQmUoYQZIUmqcqfugDTCqU219Gifz_F4wp6mfNrNcdd9t3tfkvSWejXsFgoBqS8Ubzkj6Tba4SA_Togn0cO6gRXRGgZXLDwky_IMy_-iaPNM14Yv0wgIlkIbJn74dHmfc6chT1bDoE4ngjgBaM3W_MeAGeZLrAEnLkVjfSn1p1_YdIablVjv4EYHaL-LTPFDK0qHaMvOj9DeGl7hMVoMP5uqnYTAZY49ULgqLH6zLoSvMYyq4KL8IK-VNBbPZ85CFNA6Uy5qXEhAhW4sLiuL1ReuADPW31SVsobmayJBJ2YSF12HJ27XW5-gyWj48jgm3d4Goh0jG2Jdzm0CIUTKAyZsnEuaqzxiSZzzUNmI0TxR1OU9TGkhtXsgoRWTYWxCqwPJ6SkazMu5PUOYMgZBIlUmkczmOlWGGRo6MeKGUU3PUdAzMNMdqDns1iiyFRwz8DxzPM-A51l6ju6Wn7y3iB5_Ed_3r5J1yl3_Tn3xL-pLtNu2IkA34RUaNNXCXrsIp1E3XqK_ASP45iE |
| linkProvider | Springer Nature |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1La9wwEBbJ5pD2UJKmJY-20aGnBIFtSZZ9XErCpkn2tAu5Gb1cAs462F7S_vtq5Md6oSnkKBgLPJonM_MNQt9tpKmV0pBAGUqYEZKkKnfqDkgjnNpUS4_2OY9nS_bzgT90c9x13-3elyS9pd4Mu4VCQOoLxVvOSLqL9qDKCGK9jKZjAyuiEQZXLDwky3CG5X9RtH2mo-HLNAKCQWjDxA-fDvc5dxryZDMM6nQiiBOA1mzNfwyYYb7EGnDiUjTWl1L_9QvbznC7Eusd3PUB-tBFpnjaitIh2rGrj-j9CK_wCK2vfjdVOwmByxx7oHBVWPxkXQhfYxhVwUX5Qn5V0li8enQWooDWmXJd40ICKnRjcVlZrP7gCjBj_U1VKWtoviYSdOJR4qLr8MTteutPaHl9tfgxI93eBqIdIxtiXc5tAiFEygMmbJxLmqs8Ykmc81DZiNE8UdTlPUxpIbV7IKEVk2FsQqsDyelnNFmVK3uMMGUMgkSqTCKZzXWqDDM0dGLEDaOanqCgZ2CmO1Bz2K1RZBs4ZuB55nieAc-z9ARdDJ88t4ge_yO-7F8l65S7fp369E3U52h_tri_y-5u5rdn6F3blgCdhV_QpKnW9quLdhr1zUv3X_u46QQ |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1bS91AEF6sQmkfxFpLvbX74JOymGR3s8njQT3YKgcfPOBb2GsRYiJJDuq_dyeXcwEV-rgwWcjszM4OM983CB3ZSFMrpSGBMpQwIyRJlfPuDkwjnNpUy5btcxJfTtnfO37Xzzmth273oSTZYRqApaloTh-NO10A30IhIA2GQi5nJP2ENpgP1ZB9TaPR8mUroiU-rli09CzzNQwCjKLVNV0CYqYRCMwNOExaIOp8Px9aQ54sgKHeP4I4AZrNLhTEwB_WllsDTny6xoay6lu_sBoYV6uybbAbb6HN_pWKR51ZfUNrtthGX5e4C7-j2cVzU3WoCFw63JKGq9ziB-uf8zUG2ArOyyfyr5LG4uLe3xY5tNGUsxrnEhiiG4vLymL1givgj213qkpZQyM2keAf9xLnfbcn7kZd76Dp-OL27JL0MxyI9opsiPX5twmEECkPmLCxk9QpF7EkdjxUNmLUJYr6HIgpLaT2ByS0YjKMTWh1IDn9gdaLsrA_EaaMwYORKpNIZp1OlWGGht6kuGFU010UDArMdE9wDnM28mxBzQw6z7zOM9B5lu6i4_knjx27x0fCJ8OpZL2j1-9L7_2X9G_0-eZ8nF3_mVztoy9dhwI0GR6g9aaa2UP_8GnUr9a4XwE3Fe1J |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Extraction+of+valuable+metals+from+low-grade+nickeliferous+laterite+ore+by+reduction+roasting-ammonia+leaching+method&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Central+South+University+of+Technology.+Science+%26+technology+of+mining+and+metallurgy&rft.au=Chen%2C+Sheng-li&rft.au=Guo%2C+Xue-yi&rft.au=Shi%2C+Wen-tang&rft.au=Li%2C+Dong&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.pub=Central+South+University&rft.issn=1005-9784&rft.eissn=1993-0666&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=765&rft.epage=769&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11771-010-0554-9&rft.externalDocID=10_1007_s11771_010_0554_9 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1005-9784&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1005-9784&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1005-9784&client=summon |