Effect of Tai Chi Exercise Combined with Mental Imagery Theory in Improving Balance in a Diabetic and Elderly Population
One of the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM), peripheral neuropathy, affects the sensation in the feet and can increase the chance of falling. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of Tai Chi (TC) training combined with mental imagery (MI) on improving balance in people w...
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Published in | Medical science monitor Vol. 21; pp. 3054 - 3061 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
International Scientific Literature, Inc
10.10.2015
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ISSN | 1643-3750 1234-1010 1643-3750 |
DOI | 10.12659/MSM.894243 |
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Abstract | One of the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM), peripheral neuropathy, affects the sensation in the feet and can increase the chance of falling. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of Tai Chi (TC) training combined with mental imagery (MI) on improving balance in people with diabetes and an age matched control group.
Seventeen healthy subjects and 12 diabetic sedentary subjects ranging from 40-80 years of age were recruited. All subjects in both groups attended a Yang style of TC class using MI strategies, 2 sessions a week for 8 weeks. Each session was one hour long. Measures were taken using a balance platform test, an Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, a one leg standing test (OLS), functional reach test (FRT) and hemoglobin A1C. These measures were taken twice, pre and post-study, for both groups.
Both groups experienced significant improvements in ABC, OLS, FRT (P<0.01) after completing 8 weeks of TC exercise with no significant improvement between groups. Subjects using the balance platform test demonstrated improvement in balance in all different tasks with no significant change between groups. There was no significant change in HbA1C for the diabetic group.
All results showed an improvement in balance in the diabetic and the control groups; however, no significant difference between the groups was observed. Since the DM group had more problems with balance impairment at baseline than the control, the diabetic group showed the most benefit from the TC exercise. |
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AbstractList | BACKGROUNDOne of the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM), peripheral neuropathy, affects the sensation in the feet and can increase the chance of falling. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of Tai Chi (TC) training combined with mental imagery (MI) on improving balance in people with diabetes and an age matched control group.MATERIAL AND METHODSSeventeen healthy subjects and 12 diabetic sedentary subjects ranging from 40-80 years of age were recruited. All subjects in both groups attended a Yang style of TC class using MI strategies, 2 sessions a week for 8 weeks. Each session was one hour long. Measures were taken using a balance platform test, an Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, a one leg standing test (OLS), functional reach test (FRT) and hemoglobin A1C. These measures were taken twice, pre and post-study, for both groups.RESULTSBoth groups experienced significant improvements in ABC, OLS, FRT (P<0.01) after completing 8 weeks of TC exercise with no significant improvement between groups. Subjects using the balance platform test demonstrated improvement in balance in all different tasks with no significant change between groups. There was no significant change in HbA1C for the diabetic group.CONCLUSIONSAll results showed an improvement in balance in the diabetic and the control groups; however, no significant difference between the groups was observed. Since the DM group had more problems with balance impairment at baseline than the control, the diabetic group showed the most benefit from the TC exercise. One of the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM), peripheral neuropathy, affects the sensation in the feet and can increase the chance of falling. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of Tai Chi (TC) training combined with mental imagery (MI) on improving balance in people with diabetes and an age matched control group. Seventeen healthy subjects and 12 diabetic sedentary subjects ranging from 40-80 years of age were recruited. All subjects in both groups attended a Yang style of TC class using MI strategies, 2 sessions a week for 8 weeks. Each session was one hour long. Measures were taken using a balance platform test, an Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, a one leg standing test (OLS), functional reach test (FRT) and hemoglobin A1C. These measures were taken twice, pre and post-study, for both groups. Both groups experienced significant improvements in ABC, OLS, FRT (P<0.01) after completing 8 weeks of TC exercise with no significant improvement between groups. Subjects using the balance platform test demonstrated improvement in balance in all different tasks with no significant change between groups. There was no significant change in HbA1C for the diabetic group. All results showed an improvement in balance in the diabetic and the control groups; however, no significant difference between the groups was observed. Since the DM group had more problems with balance impairment at baseline than the control, the diabetic group showed the most benefit from the TC exercise. |
Author | Balbas, Edward Alsubiheen, Abdulrahman Petrofsky, Jerrold Daher, Noha Lohman, Everett |
AuthorAffiliation | 3 School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A 2 Department of Physical Therapy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A 4 Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pain Management, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach, CA, U.S.A |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Physical Therapy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – name: 3 School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A – name: 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A – name: 4 Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pain Management, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach, CA, U.S.A |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Abdulrahman surname: Alsubiheen fullname: Alsubiheen, Abdulrahman organization: Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Jerrold surname: Petrofsky fullname: Petrofsky, Jerrold organization: Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Noha surname: Daher fullname: Daher, Noha organization: School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Everett surname: Lohman fullname: Lohman, Everett organization: School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Edward surname: Balbas fullname: Balbas, Edward organization: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pain Management, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach, CA, USA |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26454826$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Snippet | One of the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM), peripheral neuropathy, affects the sensation in the feet and can increase the chance of falling. The purpose of... BACKGROUNDOne of the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM), peripheral neuropathy, affects the sensation in the feet and can increase the chance of falling. The... |
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SubjectTerms | Accidental Falls - prevention & control Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Clinical Research Diabetes Mellitus - therapy Exercise Female Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism Humans Imagery (Psychotherapy) - methods Male Middle Aged Muscle Strength Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - therapy Postural Balance Posture Sedentary Lifestyle Tai Ji Treatment Outcome |
Title | Effect of Tai Chi Exercise Combined with Mental Imagery Theory in Improving Balance in a Diabetic and Elderly Population |
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