Expression and function of neurotrophins and their receptors in human melanocytes

Synopsis Melanocytes and cells of the nervous system are of common ectodermal origin and neurotrophins (NT) have been shown to be released by human keratinocytes. We investigated the expression and function of NT [nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT‐3, NT‐4/‐5] an...

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Published in	International journal of cosmetic science Vol. 28; no. 4; pp. 255 - 261
Main Authors	Marconi, A., Panza, M. C., Bonnet-Duquennoy, M., Lazou, K., Kurfurst, R., Truzzi, F., Lotti, R., De Santis, G., Dumas, M., Bonté, F., Pincelli, C.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.08.2006 Blackwell Science
Subjects	Biological and medical sciences Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology melanocyte melanogenesis neurotrophin receptor ultraviolet radiation Vertebrates: skin, associated glands, phaneres, light organs, various exocrine glands (salt gland, uropygial gland...), adipose tissue, connective tissue Human Neurotrophin Ultraviolet radiation Regulation(control) UVB radiation Melanocyte neurotrophin receptor Melanogenesis Gene expression Protein Biological receptor
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	0142-5463 1468-2494 1468-2494 1467-2494
DOI	10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00321.x

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Abstract	Synopsis Melanocytes and cells of the nervous system are of common ectodermal origin and neurotrophins (NT) have been shown to be released by human keratinocytes. We investigated the expression and function of NT [nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT‐3, NT‐4/‐5] and their receptors in human melanocytes. Human melanocytes produce all NT in different amounts, whereas they only release NT‐4. NT‐4 release is downregulated, whereas NT‐3 is upregulated by ultraviolet (UVB) irradiation. Melanocytes treated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) express TrkA and TrkB, but not TrkC. NT fail to stimulate melanocyte proliferation, whereas they stimulate the synthesis of tyrosinase and tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP‐1). Finally, NT‐3, NT‐4 and NGF increase melanin production. Taken together, these results demonstrate an intriguing interaction between melanocytes and the nervous system. We speculate that NT could be considered the target of therapy for disorders of skin pigmentation. Résumé Les melanocytes et le système nerveux central ont en commun une origine ectodermique et les neurotrophines (NT) sont connues pour etre libérées par les kératinocytes. Dans la présente étude nous décrivons l'expression, la fonction des neurotrophines et leurs récepteurs chez les mélanocytes humains normaux. Les mélanocytes produisent toutes les NT en différentes quantités, mais ne libèrent que la NT‐4. L'irradiation UVB decroit la production de NT‐4 et stimule celle de NT‐3. Les mélanocytes traités au PMA expriment TrkA et TrkB mais pas TrkC. Les Neurotrophines stimulent pas la prolifération des mélanocytes mais stimulent la synthèse de la tyrosinase et de la TRP‐1. Finallement, NT‐3, NT‐4 et le NGF augmentent la production de mélanine. L ’ensemble de ces résultats démontrent une interaction entre le système nerveux et les mélanocytes. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que les NT doivent etre considérées comme des cibles sérieuses pour la correction des désordres de pigmentation cutanée.
AbstractList	Synopsis: Melanocytes and cells of the nervous system are of common ectodermal origin and neurotrophins (NT) have been shown to be released by human keratinocytes. We investigated the expression and function of NT [nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT-3, NT-4/-5] and their receptors in human melanocytes. Human melanocytes produce all NT in different amounts, whereas they only release NT-4. NT-4 release is downregulated, whereas NT-3 is upregulated by ultraviolet (UVB) irradiation. Melanocytes treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) express TrkA and TrkB, but not TrkC. NT fail to stimulate melanocyte proliferation, whereas they stimulate the synthesis of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). Finally, NT-3, NT-4 and NGF increase melanin production. Taken together, these results demonstrate an intriguing interaction between melanocytes and the nervous system. We speculate that NT could be considered the target of therapy for disorders of skin pigmentation.Original Abstract: Les melanocytes et le systeme nerveux central ont en commun une origine ectodermique et les neurotrophines (NT) sont connues pour etre liberees par les keratinocytes. Dans la presente etude nous decrivons l'expression, la fonction des neurotrophines et leurs recepteurs chez les melanocytes humains normaux. Les melanocytes produisent toutes les NT en differentes quantites, mais ne liberent que la NT-4. L'irradiation UVB decroit la production de NT-4 et stimule celle de NT-3. Les melanocytes traites au PMA expriment TrkA et TrkB mais pas TrkC. Les Neurotrophines stimulent pas la proliferation des melanocytes mais stimulent la synthese de la tyrosinase et de la TRP-1. Finallement, NT-3, NT-4 et le NGF augmentent la production de melanine. L 'ensemble de ces resultats demontrent une interaction entre le systeme nerveux et les melanocytes. Nous emettons l'hypothese que les NT doivent etre considerees comme des cibles serieuses pour la correction des desordres de pigmentation cutanee. Melanocytes and cells of the nervous system are of common ectodermal origin and neurotrophins (NT) have been shown to be released by human keratinocytes. We investigated the expression and function of NT [nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT-3, NT-4/-5] and their receptors in human melanocytes. Human melanocytes produce all NT in different amounts, whereas they only release NT-4. NT-4 release is downregulated, whereas NT-3 is upregulated by ultraviolet (UVB) irradiation. Melanocytes treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) express TrkA and TrkB, but not TrkC. NT fail to stimulate melanocyte proliferation, whereas they stimulate the synthesis of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). Finally, NT-3, NT-4 and NGF increase melanin production. Taken together, these results demonstrate an intriguing interaction between melanocytes and the nervous system. We speculate that NT could be considered the target of therapy for disorders of skin pigmentation.Melanocytes and cells of the nervous system are of common ectodermal origin and neurotrophins (NT) have been shown to be released by human keratinocytes. We investigated the expression and function of NT [nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT-3, NT-4/-5] and their receptors in human melanocytes. Human melanocytes produce all NT in different amounts, whereas they only release NT-4. NT-4 release is downregulated, whereas NT-3 is upregulated by ultraviolet (UVB) irradiation. Melanocytes treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) express TrkA and TrkB, but not TrkC. NT fail to stimulate melanocyte proliferation, whereas they stimulate the synthesis of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). Finally, NT-3, NT-4 and NGF increase melanin production. Taken together, these results demonstrate an intriguing interaction between melanocytes and the nervous system. We speculate that NT could be considered the target of therapy for disorders of skin pigmentation. Melanocytes and cells of the nervous system are of common ectodermal origin and neurotrophins (NT) have been shown to be released by human keratinocytes. We investigated the expression and function of NT [nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT-3, NT-4/-5] and their receptors in human melanocytes. Human melanocytes produce all NT in different amounts, whereas they only release NT-4. NT-4 release is downregulated, whereas NT-3 is upregulated by ultraviolet (UVB) irradiation. Melanocytes treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) express TrkA and TrkB, but not TrkC. NT fail to stimulate melanocyte proliferation, whereas they stimulate the synthesis of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). Finally, NT-3, NT-4 and NGF increase melanin production. Taken together, these results demonstrate an intriguing interaction between melanocytes and the nervous system. We speculate that NT could be considered the target of therapy for disorders of skin pigmentation. Synopsis Melanocytes and cells of the nervous system are of common ectodermal origin and neurotrophins (NT) have been shown to be released by human keratinocytes. We investigated the expression and function of NT [nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT‐3, NT‐4/‐5] and their receptors in human melanocytes. Human melanocytes produce all NT in different amounts, whereas they only release NT‐4. NT‐4 release is downregulated, whereas NT‐3 is upregulated by ultraviolet (UVB) irradiation. Melanocytes treated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) express TrkA and TrkB, but not TrkC. NT fail to stimulate melanocyte proliferation, whereas they stimulate the synthesis of tyrosinase and tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP‐1). Finally, NT‐3, NT‐4 and NGF increase melanin production. Taken together, these results demonstrate an intriguing interaction between melanocytes and the nervous system. We speculate that NT could be considered the target of therapy for disorders of skin pigmentation. Résumé Les melanocytes et le système nerveux central ont en commun une origine ectodermique et les neurotrophines (NT) sont connues pour etre libérées par les kératinocytes. Dans la présente étude nous décrivons l'expression, la fonction des neurotrophines et leurs récepteurs chez les mélanocytes humains normaux. Les mélanocytes produisent toutes les NT en différentes quantités, mais ne libèrent que la NT‐4. L'irradiation UVB decroit la production de NT‐4 et stimule celle de NT‐3. Les mélanocytes traités au PMA expriment TrkA et TrkB mais pas TrkC. Les Neurotrophines stimulent pas la prolifération des mélanocytes mais stimulent la synthèse de la tyrosinase et de la TRP‐1. Finallement, NT‐3, NT‐4 et le NGF augmentent la production de mélanine. L ’ensemble de ces résultats démontrent une interaction entre le système nerveux et les mélanocytes. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que les NT doivent etre considérées comme des cibles sérieuses pour la correction des désordres de pigmentation cutanée. Melanocytes and cells of the nervous system are of common ectodermal origin and neurotrophins (NT) have been shown to be released by human keratinocytes. We investigated the expression and function of NT [nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT‐3, NT‐4/‐5] and their receptors in human melanocytes. Human melanocytes produce all NT in different amounts, whereas they only release NT‐4. NT‐4 release is downregulated, whereas NT‐3 is upregulated by ultraviolet (UVB) irradiation. Melanocytes treated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) express TrkA and TrkB, but not TrkC. NT fail to stimulate melanocyte proliferation, whereas they stimulate the synthesis of tyrosinase and tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP‐1). Finally, NT‐3, NT‐4 and NGF increase melanin production. Taken together, these results demonstrate an intriguing interaction between melanocytes and the nervous system. We speculate that NT could be considered the target of therapy for disorders of skin pigmentation. Les melanocytes et le système nerveux central ont en commun une origine ectodermique et les neurotrophines (NT) sont connues pour etre libérées par les kératinocytes. Dans la présente étude nous décrivons l'expression, la fonction des neurotrophines et leurs récepteurs chez les mélanocytes humains normaux. Les mélanocytes produisent toutes les NT en différentes quantités, mais ne libèrent que la NT‐4. L'irradiation UVB decroit la production de NT‐4 et stimule celle de NT‐3. Les mélanocytes traités au PMA expriment TrkA et TrkB mais pas TrkC. Les Neurotrophines stimulent pas la prolifération des mélanocytes mais stimulent la synthèse de la tyrosinase et de la TRP‐1. Finallement, NT‐3, NT‐4 et le NGF augmentent la production de mélanine. L ’ensemble de ces résultats démontrent une interaction entre le système nerveux et les mélanocytes. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que les NT doivent etre considérées comme des cibles sérieuses pour la correction des désordres de pigmentation cutanée.
Author	Truzzi, F. Kurfurst, R. Lotti, R. Pincelli, C. Marconi, A. Lazou, K. Panza, M. C. De Santis, G. Bonté, F. Bonnet-Duquennoy, M. Dumas, M.
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Keywords	Human Neurotrophin Ultraviolet radiation Regulation(control) UVB radiation Melanocyte neurotrophin receptor Melanogenesis Gene expression Protein Biological receptor
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References	Levi-Montalcini, R. and Cohen, S. Effects of the extract of the mouse submaxillary salivary glands on the sympathetic system of mammals. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 85, 324-341 (1960). Pincelli, C., Fantini, F. and Giannetti, A. Nerve growth factor and the skin. Int. J. Dermatol. 33, 308-312 (1994). Barbacid, M. The trk family of neurotrophin receptors. J. Neuroimmunol. 25, 1386-1403 (1994). Marconi, A., Vaschieri, C., Zanoli, S., Giannetti, A. and Pincelli C. Nerve growth factor protects human keratinocytes from ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 113, 920-927 (1999). Berkemeier, L.R., Winslow, J.W., Kaplan, D.R. et al. Neurotrophin-5: a novel neurotrophic factor that activates trk and trkB. Neuron 7, 857-866 (1991). Chao, M.V., Bothwell, M.A., Ross, A.H. et al. Gene transfer and molecular cloning of the human NGF receptor. Science 232, 518-521 (1986). Oetting, W.S., Smith, G.L. and Brumbaugh, J.A. Isolation of pigment genes using retroviral insertional mutagenesis. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 256, 307-321 (1988). Seiberg, M. Keratinocyte-melanocyte interactions during melanosome transfer. Pigment Cell Res. 14, 236-242 (2001). Hohn, A., Leibrock, J., Bailey, K. and Barde, Y.A. Identification and characterization of a novel member of the nerve growth factor/brain-derived neurotrophic factor family. Nature 344, 339-341 (1990). La Bonne, C. and Bronner-Fraser, M. Induction and patterning of the neural crest, a stem cell like precursor population. J. Neurobiol. 36, 175-189 (1998). Snider, W.D. Functions of the neurotrophins during nervous system development: what the knockouts are teaching us. Cell 77, 627-638 (1994). Grando, S.A., Cabrera, R., Hostager, B.S. et al. Computerized microassay of keratinocyte cell-plastic attachment and proliferation for assessing net stimulatory, inhibitory and toxic effects of compounds on nonimmortalized cell lines. Skin Pharmacol. 6, 135-147 (1993). Eller, M.S., Ostrom, K. and Gilchrest, B.A. DNA damage enhances melanogenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U S A 93, 1087-1092 (1996). Yaar, M., Eller, M.S., DiBenedetto, P. et al. The trk family of receptors mediates nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 effects in melanocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 94, 1550-1562 (1994). Marconi, A., Terracina, M., Fila, C. et al. Expression and function of neurotrophins and their receptors in cultured human keratinocytes. J. Invest. Dermatol. 121, 1515-1521 (2003). Barde, Y.A., Edgar, D. and Thoenen, H. Purification of a new neurotrophic factor from mammalian brain. EMBO J. 1, 549-553 (1982). Hallbook, F., Ibanez, C.F. and Persson H. Evolutionary studies of the nerve growth factor family reveal a novel member abundantly expressed in Xenopus ovary. Neuron 6, 845-858 (1991). Peacocke, M., Yaar, M., Mansur, C.P., Chao, M.V. and Gilchrest, B.A. Induction of nerve growth factor receptors on cultured human melanocytes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U S A 85, 5282-5286 (1988). Zhai, S., Yaar, M., Doyle, S.M. and Gilchrest, B.A. Nerve growth factor rescues pigment cells from ultraviolet-induced apoptosis by upregulating BCL-2 levels. Exp. Cell Res. 224, 335-343 (1996). Sulaimon, S.S. and Kitchell, B.E. The biology of melanocytes. Vet. Dermatol. 14, 57-65 (2003). Pittelkow, M.R. and Shipley, G.D. Serum-free culture of normal human melanocytes: growth kinetics and growth factor requirements. J. Cell Physiol. 140, 565-576 (1989). Jimbow, K. Current update and trends in melanin pigmentation and melanin biology. Keio J. Med. 44, 9-18 (1995). Yaar, M., Grossman, K., Eller, M. and Gilchrest, B.A. Evidence for nerve growth factor-mediated paracrine effects in human epidermis. J. Cell Biol. 115, 821-828 (1991). Sieber-Blum, M. Growth factor synergism and antagonism in early neural crest development. Biochem. Cell Biol. 76, 1039-1050 (1998). Botcharev, V.A., Yaar, M., and Peters, E.M.J. et al. Neurotrophin in skin biology. J. Invest. Dermatol. (2006) (in press). Naeyaert, J.M., Eller, M., Gordon, P.R., Park, H.Y. and Gilchrest, B.A. Pigment content of cultured human melanocytes does not correlate with tyrosinase message level. Br. J. Dermatol. 125, 297-303 (1991). 1986; 232 1996; 93 2003; 14 1994; 25 1989; 140 2006 1990; 344 1996; 224 1991; 115 1991; 7 1991; 6 1999 1993; 6 1991; 125 1960; 85 1982; 1 1995; 44 1994; 77 1994; 33 1988; 256 1999; 113 1988; 85 1998; 76 1994; 94 2001; 14 2003; 121 1998; 36 e_1_2_5_27_2 e_1_2_5_24_2 e_1_2_5_25_2 e_1_2_5_22_2 e_1_2_5_20_2 e_1_2_5_21_2 e_1_2_5_28_2 Oetting W.S. (e_1_2_5_26_2) 1988; 256 Barbacid M. (e_1_2_5_13_2) 1994; 25 Yaar M. (e_1_2_5_14_2) 1999 e_1_2_5_9_2 e_1_2_5_16_2 e_1_2_5_8_2 e_1_2_5_15_2 e_1_2_5_7_2 e_1_2_5_10_2 e_1_2_5_6_2 e_1_2_5_5_2 e_1_2_5_12_2 e_1_2_5_4_2 e_1_2_5_11_2 e_1_2_5_3_2 e_1_2_5_2_2 e_1_2_5_18_2 e_1_2_5_17_2 e_1_2_5_19_2 Botcharev V.A. (e_1_2_5_23_2) 2006
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Snippet	Synopsis Melanocytes and cells of the nervous system are of common ectodermal origin and neurotrophins (NT) have been shown to be released by human... Melanocytes and cells of the nervous system are of common ectodermal origin and neurotrophins (NT) have been shown to be released by human keratinocytes. We... Synopsis: Melanocytes and cells of the nervous system are of common ectodermal origin and neurotrophins (NT) have been shown to be released by human...
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SubjectTerms	Biological and medical sciences Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology melanocyte melanogenesis neurotrophin receptor ultraviolet radiation Vertebrates: skin, associated glands, phaneres, light organs, various exocrine glands (salt gland, uropygial gland...), adipose tissue, connective tissue
Title	Expression and function of neurotrophins and their receptors in human melanocytes
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