Modification of Cumulus Convection and Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes in the GRAPES Global Model
Cumulus convection is a key linkage between hydrological cycle and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Cumulus parameterization scheme is an important component in numerical weather and climate modeling studies. In the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System (GRAPES), turbulent...
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Published in | Acta meteorologica Sinica Vol. 29; no. 5; pp. 806 - 822 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Beijing
The Chinese Meteorological Society
01.10.2015
National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081 Numerical Weather Prediction Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081 |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 2095-6037 0894-0525 2198-0934 2191-4788 |
DOI | 10.1007/s13351-015-5043-5 |
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Abstract | Cumulus convection is a key linkage between hydrological cycle and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Cumulus parameterization scheme is an important component in numerical weather and climate modeling studies. In the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System (GRAPES), turbulent mixing and diffusion approach is applied in its shallow convection scheme. This method overestimates the vertical transport of heat and moisture fluxes but underestimates cloud water mixing ratio over the region of stratocumulus clouds. As a result, the simulated low stratocumulus clouds are less than observations. To overcome this problem, a mass flux method is employed in the shallow convection scheme to replace the original one. Meanwhile, the deep convection scheme is adjusted correspondingly. This modification is similar to that in the US NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS), which uses the simplified Arakawa Schubert Scheme (SAS). The planetary boundary layer scheme (PBL) is also revised by considering the coupling between the PBL and stratocumulus clouds. With the modification of both the cumulus and PBL schemes, the GRAPES simulation of shallow convective heating rate becomes more reasonable; total amounts of stratocumulus clouds simulated over the eastern Pacific and their vertical structure are more consistent with observations; the underestimation of stratocumulus clouds simulated by original schemes is less severe with the revised schemes. Precipitation distribution in the tropics becomes more reasonable and spurious precipitation is effectively suppressed. The westward extension and northward movement of the western Pacific subtropical high simulated with the revised schemes are more consistent with Final Operational Global Analysis (FNL) than that simulated with the original schemes. The statistical scores for the global GRAPES forecast are generally improved with the revised schemes, especially for the simulation of geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere and winds in the tropics. Root mean square errors (RMSEs) decrease in the lower and upper troposphere with the revised schemes. The above results indicate that with the revised cumulus and PBL schemes, model biases in the tropics decrease and the global GRAPES performance is greatly improved. |
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AbstractList | Cumulus convection is a key linkage between hydrological cycle and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Cumulus parameterization scheme is an important component in numerical weather and climate modeling studies. In the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System (GRAPES), turbulent mixing and diffusion approach is applied in its shallow convection scheme. This method overestimates the vertical transport of heat and moisture fluxes but underestimates cloud water mixing ratio over the region of stratocumulus clouds. As a result, the simulated low stratocumulus clouds are less than observations. To overcome this problem, a mass flux method is employed in the shallow convection scheme to replace the original one. Meanwhile, the deep convection scheme is adjusted correspondingly. This modification is similar to that in the US NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS), which uses the simplified Arakawa Schubert Scheme (SAS). The planetary boundary layer scheme (PBL) is also revised by considering the coupling between the PBL and stratocumulus clouds. With the modification of both the cumulus and PBL schemes, the GRAPES simulation of shallow convective heating rate becomes more reasonable; total amounts of stratocumulus clouds simulated over the eastern Pacific and their vertical structure are more consistent with observations; the underestimation of stratocumulus clouds simulated by original schemes is less severe with the revised schemes. Precipitation distribution in the tropics becomes more reasonable and spurious precipitation is effectively suppressed. The westward extension and northward movement of the western Pacific subtropical high simulated with the revised schemes are more consistent with Final Operational Global Analysis (FNL) than that simulated with the original schemes. The statistical scores for the global GRAPES forecast are generally improved with the revised schemes, especially for the simulation of geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere and winds in the tropics. Root mean square errors (RMSEs) decrease in the lower and upper troposphere with the revised schemes. The above results indicate that with the revised cumulus and PBL schemes, model biases in the tropics decrease and the global GRAPES performance is greatly improved. Cumulus convection is a key linkage between hydrological cycle and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Cumulus parameterization scheme is an important component in numerical weather and climate modeling studies. In the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System (GRAPES), turbulent mixing and diffusion approach is applied in its shallow convection scheme. This method overestimates the vertical transport of heat and moisture fluxes but underestimates cloud water mixing ratio over the region of stratocumulus clouds. As a result, the simulated low stratocumulus clouds are less than observations. To overcome this problem, a mass flux method is employed in the shallow convection scheme to replace the original one. Meanwhile, the deep convection scheme is adjusted correspondingly. This modification is similar to that in the US NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS), which uses the simplified Arakawa Schubert Scheme (SAS). The planetary boundary layer scheme (PBL) is also revised by considering the coupling between the PBL and stratocumulus clouds. With the modification of both the cumulus and PBL schemes, the GRAPES simulation of shallow convective heating rate becomes more reasonable; total amounts of stratocumulus clouds simulated over the eastern Pacific and their vertical structure are more consistent with observations; the underestimation of stratocumulus clouds simulated by original schemes is less severe with the revised schemes. Precipitation distribution in the tropics becomes more reasonable and spurious precipitation is effectively suppressed. The westward extension and northward movement of the western Pacific subtropical high simulated with the revised schemes are more consistent with Final Operational Global Analysis (FNL) than that simulated with the original schemes. The statistical scores for the global GRAPES forecast are generally improved with the revised schemes, especially for the simulation of geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere and winds in the tropics. Root mean square errors (RMSEs) decrease in the lower and upper troposphere with the revised schemes. The above results indicate that with the revised cumulus and PBL schemes, model biases in the tropics decrease and the global GRAPES performance is greatly improved. |
Author | 刘琨 陈起英 孙健 |
AuthorAffiliation | National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081 Numerical Weather Prediction Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081 |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_met_2133 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13351_022_2011_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00376_024_3323_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13351_020_9122_x crossref_primary_10_3390_rs16050908 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs14092073 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13351_018_8016_7 crossref_primary_10_3390_atmos13050845 crossref_primary_10_1002_2017MS001234 crossref_primary_10_3390_land11060770 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00376_019_8203_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13351_016_6033_y crossref_primary_10_3390_atmos14121801 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00376_022_1349_2 crossref_primary_10_5194_gmd_14_205_2021 |
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Notes | 11-2277/P GRAPES model, cumulus parameterization, boundary layer diffusion, mass flux LIU Kun, CHEN Qiying, and SUN Jian(1 National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081;2 Numerical Weather Prediction Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081) Cumulus convection is a key linkage between hydrological cycle and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Cumulus parameterization scheme is an important component in numerical weather and climate modeling studies. In the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System (GRAPES), turbulent mixing and diffusion approach is applied in its shallow convection scheme. This method overestimates the vertical transport of heat and moisture fluxes but underestimates cloud water mixing ratio over the region of stratocumulus clouds. As a result, the simulated low stratocumulus clouds are less than observations. To overcome this problem, a mass flux method is employed in the shallow convection scheme to replace the original one. Meanwhile, the deep convection scheme is adjusted correspondingly. This modification is similar to that in the US NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS), which uses the simplified Arakawa Schubert Scheme (SAS). The planetary boundary layer scheme (PBL) is also revised by considering the coupling between the PBL and stratocumulus clouds. With the modification of both the cumulus and PBL schemes, the GRAPES simulation of shallow convective heating rate becomes more reasonable; total amounts of stratocumulus clouds simulated over the eastern Pacific and their vertical structure are more consistent with observations; the underestimation of stratocumulus clouds simulated by original schemes is less severe with the revised schemes. Precipitation distribution in the tropics becomes more reasonable and spurious precipitation is effectively suppressed. The westward extension and northward movement of the western Pacific subtropical high simulated with the revised schemes are more consistent with Final Operational Global Analysis (FNL) than that simulated with the original schemes. The statistical scores for the global GRAPES forecast are generally improved with the revised schemes, especially for the simulation of geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere and winds in the tropics. Root mean square errors (RMSEs) decrease in the lower and upper troposphere with the revised schemes. The above results indicate that with the revised cumulus and PBL schemes, model biases in the tropics decrease and the global GRAPES performance is greatly improved. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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Title | Modification of Cumulus Convection and Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes in the GRAPES Global Model |
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