Modification of Cumulus Convection and Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes in the GRAPES Global Model

Cumulus convection is a key linkage between hydrological cycle and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Cumulus parameterization scheme is an important component in numerical weather and climate modeling studies. In the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System (GRAPES), turbulent...

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Published inActa meteorologica Sinica Vol. 29; no. 5; pp. 806 - 822
Main Author 刘琨 陈起英 孙健
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Beijing The Chinese Meteorological Society 01.10.2015
National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081
Numerical Weather Prediction Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2095-6037
0894-0525
2198-0934
2191-4788
DOI10.1007/s13351-015-5043-5

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Abstract Cumulus convection is a key linkage between hydrological cycle and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Cumulus parameterization scheme is an important component in numerical weather and climate modeling studies. In the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System (GRAPES), turbulent mixing and diffusion approach is applied in its shallow convection scheme. This method overestimates the vertical transport of heat and moisture fluxes but underestimates cloud water mixing ratio over the region of stratocumulus clouds. As a result, the simulated low stratocumulus clouds are less than observations. To overcome this problem, a mass flux method is employed in the shallow convection scheme to replace the original one. Meanwhile, the deep convection scheme is adjusted correspondingly. This modification is similar to that in the US NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS), which uses the simplified Arakawa Schubert Scheme (SAS). The planetary boundary layer scheme (PBL) is also revised by considering the coupling between the PBL and stratocumulus clouds. With the modification of both the cumulus and PBL schemes, the GRAPES simulation of shallow convective heating rate becomes more reasonable; total amounts of stratocumulus clouds simulated over the eastern Pacific and their vertical structure are more consistent with observations; the underestimation of stratocumulus clouds simulated by original schemes is less severe with the revised schemes. Precipitation distribution in the tropics becomes more reasonable and spurious precipitation is effectively suppressed. The westward extension and northward movement of the western Pacific subtropical high simulated with the revised schemes are more consistent with Final Operational Global Analysis (FNL) than that simulated with the original schemes. The statistical scores for the global GRAPES forecast are generally improved with the revised schemes, especially for the simulation of geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere and winds in the tropics. Root mean square errors (RMSEs) decrease in the lower and upper troposphere with the revised schemes. The above results indicate that with the revised cumulus and PBL schemes, model biases in the tropics decrease and the global GRAPES performance is greatly improved.
AbstractList Cumulus convection is a key linkage between hydrological cycle and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Cumulus parameterization scheme is an important component in numerical weather and climate modeling studies. In the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System (GRAPES), turbulent mixing and diffusion approach is applied in its shallow convection scheme. This method overestimates the vertical transport of heat and moisture fluxes but underestimates cloud water mixing ratio over the region of stratocumulus clouds. As a result, the simulated low stratocumulus clouds are less than observations. To overcome this problem, a mass flux method is employed in the shallow convection scheme to replace the original one. Meanwhile, the deep convection scheme is adjusted correspondingly. This modification is similar to that in the US NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS), which uses the simplified Arakawa Schubert Scheme (SAS). The planetary boundary layer scheme (PBL) is also revised by considering the coupling between the PBL and stratocumulus clouds. With the modification of both the cumulus and PBL schemes, the GRAPES simulation of shallow convective heating rate becomes more reasonable; total amounts of stratocumulus clouds simulated over the eastern Pacific and their vertical structure are more consistent with observations; the underestimation of stratocumulus clouds simulated by original schemes is less severe with the revised schemes. Precipitation distribution in the tropics becomes more reasonable and spurious precipitation is effectively suppressed. The westward extension and northward movement of the western Pacific subtropical high simulated with the revised schemes are more consistent with Final Operational Global Analysis (FNL) than that simulated with the original schemes. The statistical scores for the global GRAPES forecast are generally improved with the revised schemes, especially for the simulation of geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere and winds in the tropics. Root mean square errors (RMSEs) decrease in the lower and upper troposphere with the revised schemes. The above results indicate that with the revised cumulus and PBL schemes, model biases in the tropics decrease and the global GRAPES performance is greatly improved.
Cumulus convection is a key linkage between hydrological cycle and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Cumulus parameterization scheme is an important component in numerical weather and climate modeling studies. In the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System (GRAPES), turbulent mixing and diffusion approach is applied in its shallow convection scheme. This method overestimates the vertical transport of heat and moisture fluxes but underestimates cloud water mixing ratio over the region of stratocumulus clouds. As a result, the simulated low stratocumulus clouds are less than observations. To overcome this problem, a mass flux method is employed in the shallow convection scheme to replace the original one. Meanwhile, the deep convection scheme is adjusted correspondingly. This modification is similar to that in the US NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS), which uses the simplified Arakawa Schubert Scheme (SAS). The planetary boundary layer scheme (PBL) is also revised by considering the coupling between the PBL and stratocumulus clouds. With the modification of both the cumulus and PBL schemes, the GRAPES simulation of shallow convective heating rate becomes more reasonable; total amounts of stratocumulus clouds simulated over the eastern Pacific and their vertical structure are more consistent with observations; the underestimation of stratocumulus clouds simulated by original schemes is less severe with the revised schemes. Precipitation distribution in the tropics becomes more reasonable and spurious precipitation is effectively suppressed. The westward extension and northward movement of the western Pacific subtropical high simulated with the revised schemes are more consistent with Final Operational Global Analysis (FNL) than that simulated with the original schemes. The statistical scores for the global GRAPES forecast are generally improved with the revised schemes, especially for the simulation of geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere and winds in the tropics. Root mean square errors (RMSEs) decrease in the lower and upper troposphere with the revised schemes. The above results indicate that with the revised cumulus and PBL schemes, model biases in the tropics decrease and the global GRAPES performance is greatly improved.
Author 刘琨 陈起英 孙健
AuthorAffiliation National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081 Numerical Weather Prediction Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081
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Issue 5
Keywords boundary layer diffusion
cumulus parameterization
GRAPES model
mass flux
Language English
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GRAPES model, cumulus parameterization, boundary layer diffusion, mass flux
LIU Kun, CHEN Qiying, and SUN Jian(1 National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081;2 Numerical Weather Prediction Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081)
Cumulus convection is a key linkage between hydrological cycle and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Cumulus parameterization scheme is an important component in numerical weather and climate modeling studies. In the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System (GRAPES), turbulent mixing and diffusion approach is applied in its shallow convection scheme. This method overestimates the vertical transport of heat and moisture fluxes but underestimates cloud water mixing ratio over the region of stratocumulus clouds. As a result, the simulated low stratocumulus clouds are less than observations. To overcome this problem, a mass flux method is employed in the shallow convection scheme to replace the original one. Meanwhile, the deep convection scheme is adjusted correspondingly. This modification is similar to that in the US NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS), which uses the simplified Arakawa Schubert Scheme (SAS). The planetary boundary layer scheme (PBL) is also revised by considering the coupling between the PBL and stratocumulus clouds. With the modification of both the cumulus and PBL schemes, the GRAPES simulation of shallow convective heating rate becomes more reasonable; total amounts of stratocumulus clouds simulated over the eastern Pacific and their vertical structure are more consistent with observations; the underestimation of stratocumulus clouds simulated by original schemes is less severe with the revised schemes. Precipitation distribution in the tropics becomes more reasonable and spurious precipitation is effectively suppressed. The westward extension and northward movement of the western Pacific subtropical high simulated with the revised schemes are more consistent with Final Operational Global Analysis (FNL) than that simulated with the original schemes. The statistical scores for the global GRAPES forecast are generally improved with the revised schemes, especially for the simulation of geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere and winds in the tropics. Root mean square errors (RMSEs) decrease in the lower and upper troposphere with the revised schemes. The above results indicate that with the revised cumulus and PBL schemes, model biases in the tropics decrease and the global GRAPES performance is greatly improved.
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Snippet Cumulus convection is a key linkage between hydrological cycle and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Cumulus parameterization scheme is an important...
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SubjectTerms Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Atmospheric Sciences
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Geophysics and Environmental Physics
Meteorology
修订方案
大气环流
气候模拟
深对流
热带地区
葡萄
行星边界层
西太平洋副热带高压
Title Modification of Cumulus Convection and Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes in the GRAPES Global Model
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https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13351-015-5043-5
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1787970903
https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/qxxb-e201505008
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