Susceptibility of central Red Sea corals during a major bleaching event

• Published in: Coral reefs Vol. 32; no. 2; pp. 505 - 513
• Main Authors: Furby, K. A., Bouwmeester, J., Berumen, M. L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.06.2013; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cnidaria. Ctenaria; Community composition; Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife; Coral bleaching; Coral reefs; Environmental degradation: ecosystems survey and restoration; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Invertebrates; Life Sciences; Marine; Mortality; Oceanography; Sea water ecosystems; Synecology; Taxa; Temperature; Thermal stress; Saudi Arabia; Arabian Peninsula; Red Sea; Indian Ocean; Asia; Middle east; United States > US; ISW, Saudi Arabia; ISW, Red Sea; Saudi Arabia; Red Sea; Coral bleaching; Sea surface temperature; Susceptibility; Mortality; Sea surface; Coral reef; Surface temperature; Marine environment; Ecological damage; Coelenterata; Sensitivity resistance; Bleaching; Cnidaria; Invertebrata
• ISSN: 0722-4028; 1432-0975
• DOI: 10.1007/s00338-012-0998-5

A major coral bleaching event occurred in the central Red Sea near Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, in the summer of 2010, when the region experienced up to 10–11 degree heating weeks. We documented the susceptibility of various coral taxa to bleaching at eight reefs during the peak of this thermal stress. Oculinids and agaricids were most susceptible to bleaching, with up to 100 and 80 % of colonies of these families, respectively, bleaching at some reefs. In contrast, some families, such as mussids, pocilloporids, and pectinids showed low levels of bleaching (<20 % on average). We resurveyed the reefs 7 months later to estimate subsequent mortality. Mortality was highly variable among taxa, with some taxa showing evidence of full recovery and some (e.g., acroporids) apparently suffering nearly complete mortality. The unequal mortality among families resulted in significant change in community composition following the bleaching. Significant factors in the likelihood of coral bleaching during this event were depth of the reef and distance of the reef from shore. Shallow reefs and inshore reefs had a higher prevalence of bleaching. This bleaching event shows that Red Sea reefs are subject to the same increasing pressures that reefs face worldwide. This study provides a quantitative, genus-level assessment of the vulnerability of various coral groups from within the Red Sea to bleaching and estimates subsequent mortality. As such, it can provide valuable insights into the future for reef communities in the Red Sea.