Optimal follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in mono-follicular growth during letrozole-induced intrauterine insemination cycles: findings from a large retrospective study

To determine the optimal lead follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in letrozole intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles, focusing on pregnancy outcomes. Retrospective cohort study. 724 letrozole-IUI cycles conducted at Omega Fertility Clinic between January 1, 2018, and September 30...

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Published inFertility and sterility Vol. 124; no. 2; pp. 327 - 333
Main Authors Cameron, Krista, Abu-Rafea, Basim, Vilos, Angelos, Hollett-Caines, Jackie, Rebel, Maggie, Van Oirschot, Matthew, Mourad, Ali
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.08.2025
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0015-0282
1556-5653
1556-5653
DOI10.1016/j.fertnstert.2025.03.010

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Abstract To determine the optimal lead follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in letrozole intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles, focusing on pregnancy outcomes. Retrospective cohort study. 724 letrozole-IUI cycles conducted at Omega Fertility Clinic between January 1, 2018, and September 30, 2023. Patients received letrozole for ovulation induction from cycle days 3–7, with follicle development monitored via transvaginal ultrasound. Human chorionic gonadotropin was administered when a lead follicle reached the desired size, followed by IUI. The primary outcome was the clinical pregnancy rate. Lead follicle sizes were categorized (≤18 mm, 19–23 mm, ≥24 mm) and dichotomized using thresholds from the receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden’s Index. Among 724 cycles, 92 resulted in clinical pregnancy. Clinical pregnancy rates were 8.45% for follicles ≤17 mm, 8.89% for 18 mm, and increased from 12.92% (19 mm) to 18.52% (22 mm) before declining to 11.43% for follicles ≥24 mm. Biochemical pregnancy rates followed a similar trend. Logistic regression revealed significantly higher odds of clinical pregnancy for follicles 19–23 mm (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–3.03) compared with ≤18 mm. Follicles ≥24 mm had an adjusted OR of 1.80 (95% CI, 0.98–3.31), narrowly crossing the null, suggesting a possible effect despite not reaching statistical significance. The optimal threshold for follicle size was 19 mm, based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Dichotomized analysis confirmed higher odds of clinical pregnancy for follicles ≥19 mm (adjusted OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.01–3.01). The optimal lead follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in letrozole-IUI cycles is 19–23 mm, significantly improving clinical pregnancy rates. Follicles ≥24 mm may also yield positive outcomes and warrant further investigation. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for optimizing letrozole-IUI treatments. Tamaño folicular óptimo para la descarga con gonadotropina coriónica humana durante los ciclos de inseminación intrauterina inducidos con letrozol con desarrollo monofolicular: hallazgos de un amplio estudio retrospectivo Determinar el tamaño óptimo del folículo principal para la inducción de la ovulación con gonadotropina coriónica humana (HCG) en ciclos de inseminación intrauterina (IIU) con letrozol, centrándose en los resultados de embarazos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. 724 ciclos de IIU con letrozol realizados en la Clínica de Fertilidad Omega entre el 1 de enero de 2018 y el 30 de septiembre de 2023. Las pacientes recibieron letrozol para la inducción de la ovulación desde el día 3 al 7 del ciclo, con monitorización del desarrollo folicular mediante ecografía transvaginal. Se administró HCG cuando un folículo principal alcanzó el tamaño deseado, seguida de la IIU. El resultado primario fue la tasa de embarazo clínico. Se categorizaron los tamaños de los folículos principales (≤18 mm, 19–23 mm, ≥ 24 mm) y se dicotomizaron utilizando los umbrales de la curva ROC y el índice de Youden. De 724 ciclos, 92 resultaron en embarazo clínico. Las tasas de embarazo clínico fueron del 8,45 % para folículos ≤17 mm y del 8,89 % para folículos de 18 mm, y aumentaron del 12,92 % (19 mm) al 18,52 % (22 mm) antes de disminuir al 11,43 % para folículos ≥ 24 mm. Las tasas de embarazo bioquímico siguieron una tendencia similar. La regresión logística reveló probabilidades significativamente mayores de embarazo clínico para folículos de 19 a 23 mm (odds ratio [OR] ajustada: 1,71; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %: 1,01-3,03) en comparación con los ≤ 18 mm. Los folículos ≥ 24 mm presentaron un OR ajustado de 1,80 (IC del 95 %: 0,98-3,31), que cruzó ligeramente la variable nula, lo que sugiere un posible efecto a pesar de no alcanzar la significación estadística. El umbral óptimo para el tamaño folicular fue de 19 mm, según el análisis de la curva ROC. El análisis dicotómico confirmó una mayor probabilidad de embarazo clínico para folículos ≥19 mm (OR ajustado: 1,74; IC del 95 %: 1,01-3,01). El tamaño óptimo del folículo principal para la descarga con gonadotropina coriónica humana en ciclos de IIU con letrozol es de 19 a 23 mm, lo que mejora significativamente las tasas de embarazo clínico. Los folículos ≥ 24 mm o más también podrían producir resultados positivos y justifican una mayor investigación. Estos hallazgos proporcionan una guía basada en la evidencia para optimizar los tratamientos de IIU con letrozol.
AbstractList To determine the optimal lead follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in letrozole intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles, focusing on pregnancy outcomes. Retrospective cohort study. 724 letrozole-IUI cycles conducted at Omega Fertility Clinic between January 1, 2018, and September 30, 2023. Patients received letrozole for ovulation induction from cycle days 3–7, with follicle development monitored via transvaginal ultrasound. Human chorionic gonadotropin was administered when a lead follicle reached the desired size, followed by IUI. The primary outcome was the clinical pregnancy rate. Lead follicle sizes were categorized (≤18 mm, 19–23 mm, ≥24 mm) and dichotomized using thresholds from the receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden’s Index. Among 724 cycles, 92 resulted in clinical pregnancy. Clinical pregnancy rates were 8.45% for follicles ≤17 mm, 8.89% for 18 mm, and increased from 12.92% (19 mm) to 18.52% (22 mm) before declining to 11.43% for follicles ≥24 mm. Biochemical pregnancy rates followed a similar trend. Logistic regression revealed significantly higher odds of clinical pregnancy for follicles 19–23 mm (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–3.03) compared with ≤18 mm. Follicles ≥24 mm had an adjusted OR of 1.80 (95% CI, 0.98–3.31), narrowly crossing the null, suggesting a possible effect despite not reaching statistical significance. The optimal threshold for follicle size was 19 mm, based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Dichotomized analysis confirmed higher odds of clinical pregnancy for follicles ≥19 mm (adjusted OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.01–3.01). The optimal lead follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in letrozole-IUI cycles is 19–23 mm, significantly improving clinical pregnancy rates. Follicles ≥24 mm may also yield positive outcomes and warrant further investigation. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for optimizing letrozole-IUI treatments. Tamaño folicular óptimo para la descarga con gonadotropina coriónica humana durante los ciclos de inseminación intrauterina inducidos con letrozol con desarrollo monofolicular: hallazgos de un amplio estudio retrospectivo Determinar el tamaño óptimo del folículo principal para la inducción de la ovulación con gonadotropina coriónica humana (HCG) en ciclos de inseminación intrauterina (IIU) con letrozol, centrándose en los resultados de embarazos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. 724 ciclos de IIU con letrozol realizados en la Clínica de Fertilidad Omega entre el 1 de enero de 2018 y el 30 de septiembre de 2023. Las pacientes recibieron letrozol para la inducción de la ovulación desde el día 3 al 7 del ciclo, con monitorización del desarrollo folicular mediante ecografía transvaginal. Se administró HCG cuando un folículo principal alcanzó el tamaño deseado, seguida de la IIU. El resultado primario fue la tasa de embarazo clínico. Se categorizaron los tamaños de los folículos principales (≤18 mm, 19–23 mm, ≥ 24 mm) y se dicotomizaron utilizando los umbrales de la curva ROC y el índice de Youden. De 724 ciclos, 92 resultaron en embarazo clínico. Las tasas de embarazo clínico fueron del 8,45 % para folículos ≤17 mm y del 8,89 % para folículos de 18 mm, y aumentaron del 12,92 % (19 mm) al 18,52 % (22 mm) antes de disminuir al 11,43 % para folículos ≥ 24 mm. Las tasas de embarazo bioquímico siguieron una tendencia similar. La regresión logística reveló probabilidades significativamente mayores de embarazo clínico para folículos de 19 a 23 mm (odds ratio [OR] ajustada: 1,71; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %: 1,01-3,03) en comparación con los ≤ 18 mm. Los folículos ≥ 24 mm presentaron un OR ajustado de 1,80 (IC del 95 %: 0,98-3,31), que cruzó ligeramente la variable nula, lo que sugiere un posible efecto a pesar de no alcanzar la significación estadística. El umbral óptimo para el tamaño folicular fue de 19 mm, según el análisis de la curva ROC. El análisis dicotómico confirmó una mayor probabilidad de embarazo clínico para folículos ≥19 mm (OR ajustado: 1,74; IC del 95 %: 1,01-3,01). El tamaño óptimo del folículo principal para la descarga con gonadotropina coriónica humana en ciclos de IIU con letrozol es de 19 a 23 mm, lo que mejora significativamente las tasas de embarazo clínico. Los folículos ≥ 24 mm o más también podrían producir resultados positivos y justifican una mayor investigación. Estos hallazgos proporcionan una guía basada en la evidencia para optimizar los tratamientos de IIU con letrozol.
To determine the optimal lead follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in letrozole intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles, focusing on pregnancy outcomes.OBJECTIVETo determine the optimal lead follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in letrozole intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles, focusing on pregnancy outcomes.Retrospective cohort study.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.724 letrozole-IUI cycles conducted at Omega Fertility Clinic between January 1, 2018, and September 30, 2023.SUBJECTS724 letrozole-IUI cycles conducted at Omega Fertility Clinic between January 1, 2018, and September 30, 2023.Patients received letrozole for ovulation induction from cycle days 3-7, with follicle development monitored via transvaginal ultrasound. Human chorionic gonadotropin was administered when a lead follicle reached the desired size, followed by IUI.EXPOSUREPatients received letrozole for ovulation induction from cycle days 3-7, with follicle development monitored via transvaginal ultrasound. Human chorionic gonadotropin was administered when a lead follicle reached the desired size, followed by IUI.The primary outcome was the clinical pregnancy rate. Lead follicle sizes were categorized (≤18 mm, 19-23 mm, ≥24 mm) and dichotomized using thresholds from the receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden's Index.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESThe primary outcome was the clinical pregnancy rate. Lead follicle sizes were categorized (≤18 mm, 19-23 mm, ≥24 mm) and dichotomized using thresholds from the receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden's Index.Among 724 cycles, 92 resulted in clinical pregnancy. Clinical pregnancy rates were 8.45% for follicles ≤17 mm, 8.89% for 18 mm, and increased from 12.92% (19 mm) to 18.52% (22 mm) before declining to 11.43% for follicles ≥24 mm. Biochemical pregnancy rates followed a similar trend. Logistic regression revealed significantly higher odds of clinical pregnancy for follicles 19-23 mm (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-3.03) compared with ≤18 mm. Follicles ≥24 mm had an adjusted OR of 1.80 (95% CI, 0.98-3.31), narrowly crossing the null, suggesting a possible effect despite not reaching statistical significance. The optimal threshold for follicle size was 19 mm, based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Dichotomized analysis confirmed higher odds of clinical pregnancy for follicles ≥19 mm (adjusted OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.01-3.01).RESULTSAmong 724 cycles, 92 resulted in clinical pregnancy. Clinical pregnancy rates were 8.45% for follicles ≤17 mm, 8.89% for 18 mm, and increased from 12.92% (19 mm) to 18.52% (22 mm) before declining to 11.43% for follicles ≥24 mm. Biochemical pregnancy rates followed a similar trend. Logistic regression revealed significantly higher odds of clinical pregnancy for follicles 19-23 mm (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-3.03) compared with ≤18 mm. Follicles ≥24 mm had an adjusted OR of 1.80 (95% CI, 0.98-3.31), narrowly crossing the null, suggesting a possible effect despite not reaching statistical significance. The optimal threshold for follicle size was 19 mm, based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Dichotomized analysis confirmed higher odds of clinical pregnancy for follicles ≥19 mm (adjusted OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.01-3.01).The optimal lead follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in letrozole-IUI cycles is 19-23 mm, significantly improving clinical pregnancy rates. Follicles ≥24 mm may also yield positive outcomes and warrant further investigation. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for optimizing letrozole-IUI treatments.CONCLUSIONThe optimal lead follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in letrozole-IUI cycles is 19-23 mm, significantly improving clinical pregnancy rates. Follicles ≥24 mm may also yield positive outcomes and warrant further investigation. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for optimizing letrozole-IUI treatments.
To determine the optimal lead follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in letrozole intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles, focusing on pregnancy outcomes. Retrospective cohort study. 724 letrozole-IUI cycles conducted at Omega Fertility Clinic between January 1, 2018, and September 30, 2023. Patients received letrozole for ovulation induction from cycle days 3-7, with follicle development monitored via transvaginal ultrasound. Human chorionic gonadotropin was administered when a lead follicle reached the desired size, followed by IUI. The primary outcome was the clinical pregnancy rate. Lead follicle sizes were categorized (≤18 mm, 19-23 mm, ≥24 mm) and dichotomized using thresholds from the receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden's Index. Among 724 cycles, 92 resulted in clinical pregnancy. Clinical pregnancy rates were 8.45% for follicles ≤17 mm, 8.89% for 18 mm, and increased from 12.92% (19 mm) to 18.52% (22 mm) before declining to 11.43% for follicles ≥24 mm. Biochemical pregnancy rates followed a similar trend. Logistic regression revealed significantly higher odds of clinical pregnancy for follicles 19-23 mm (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-3.03) compared with ≤18 mm. Follicles ≥24 mm had an adjusted OR of 1.80 (95% CI, 0.98-3.31), narrowly crossing the null, suggesting a possible effect despite not reaching statistical significance. The optimal threshold for follicle size was 19 mm, based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Dichotomized analysis confirmed higher odds of clinical pregnancy for follicles ≥19 mm (adjusted OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.01-3.01). The optimal lead follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in letrozole-IUI cycles is 19-23 mm, significantly improving clinical pregnancy rates. Follicles ≥24 mm may also yield positive outcomes and warrant further investigation. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for optimizing letrozole-IUI treatments.
Author Rebel, Maggie
Cameron, Krista
Vilos, Angelos
Mourad, Ali
Abu-Rafea, Basim
Hollett-Caines, Jackie
Van Oirschot, Matthew
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Keywords hCG trigger
intrauterine insemination
clinical pregnancy rate
Letrozole
follicle size
Language English
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Snippet To determine the optimal lead follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in letrozole intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles, focusing on pregnancy...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Chorionic Gonadotropin - administration & dosage
clinical pregnancy rate
Female
Fertility Agents, Female - administration & dosage
follicle size
hCG trigger
Humans
Insemination, Artificial - methods
intrauterine insemination
Letrozole
Letrozole - administration & dosage
Ovarian Follicle - diagnostic imaging
Ovarian Follicle - drug effects
Ovulation Induction - methods
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Rate
Retrospective Studies
Title Optimal follicle size for human chorionic gonadotropin trigger in mono-follicular growth during letrozole-induced intrauterine insemination cycles: findings from a large retrospective study
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S001502822500158X
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2025.03.010
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40113125
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3179852491
Volume 124
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