Access to health care, medical progress and the emergence of the longevity gap: A general equilibrium analysis

We study skill- and income-related differences in the access to health care as drivers of longevity inequality from a theoretical life-cycle as well as from a macroeconomic perspective. To do so, we develop an overlapping generations model populated by heterogeneous agents subject to endogenous mort...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inThe journal of the economics of ageing Vol. 14; p. 100188
Main Authors Frankovic, Ivan, Kuhn, Michael
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 2019
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2212-828X
2212-8298
DOI10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002

Cover

Abstract We study skill- and income-related differences in the access to health care as drivers of longevity inequality from a theoretical life-cycle as well as from a macroeconomic perspective. To do so, we develop an overlapping generations model populated by heterogeneous agents subject to endogenous mortality. We model two groups of individuals for whom differences in skills translate into differences in income and in the ability to use medical technology effectively in curbing mortality. We derive the skill- and age-specific individual demand for health care based on the value of life, the level of medical technology and the market prices. Calibrating the model to the development of the US economy and the longevity gap between the skilled and unskilled, we study the impact of rising effectiveness of medical care in improving individual health and examine how disparities in health care utilisation and mortality emerge as a consequence. In so doing, we explore the role of skill-biased earnings growth, skill-bias in the ability to access state-of-the art health care and to use it effectively, and skill-related differences in health insurance coverage. We pay attention to the macroeconomic feedback, especially to medical price inflation. Our findings indicate that skill-bias related to the effectiveness of health care explains a large part of the increase in the longevity with earnings-related differences in the utilisation of health care taking second place. Both channels tend to be reinforced by medical progress.
AbstractList We study skill- and income-related differences in the access to health care as drivers of longevity inequality from a theoretical life-cycle as well as from a macroeconomic perspective. To do so, we develop an overlapping generations model populated by heterogeneous agents subject to endogenous mortality. We model two groups of individuals for whom differences in skills translate into differences in income and in the ability to use medical technology effectively in curbing mortality. We derive the skill- and age-specific individual demand for health care based on the value of life, the level of medical technology and the market prices. Calibrating the model to the development of the US economy and the longevity gap between the skilled and unskilled, we study the impact of rising effectiveness of medical care in improving individual health and examine how disparities in health care utilisation and mortality emerge as a consequence. In so doing, we explore the role of skill-biased earnings growth, skill-bias in the ability to access state-of-the art health care and to use it effectively, and skill-related differences in health insurance coverage. We pay attention to the macroeconomic feedback, especially to medical price inflation. Our findings indicate that skill-bias related to the effectiveness of health care explains a large part of the increase in the longevity with earnings-related differences in the utilisation of health care taking second place. Both channels tend to be reinforced by medical progress.
ArticleNumber 100188
Author Kuhn, Michael
Frankovic, Ivan
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Ivan
  surname: Frankovic
  fullname: Frankovic, Ivan
  email: ivan.frankovic@oeaw.ac.at
  organization: Wittgenstein Centre (IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), Vienna Inst. of Demography, Austria
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Kuhn
  fullname: Kuhn, Michael
  email: michael.kuhn@oeaw.ac.at
  organization: Wittgenstein Centre (IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), Vienna Inst. of Demography (VID), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria
BookMark eNqN0L1OwzAQwHEPRaKUvgCTH4AGn9PECWKpKr4kJBaQ2CzHuaSu3LjYblHfnoQyMVRMls73u-F_QUad65CQK2AJMMhv1skanUo4gzJhkDDGR2TMOfBZwYuPczINYc0YA5bOM4Ax6RZaYwg0OrpCZeOKauXxmm6wNlpZuvWu9cOC6moaV0hxg77FTiN1zc_Auq7FvYkH2qrtLV3Q_hd9T_FzZ6ypvNlteq3sIZhwSc4aZQNOf98JeX-4f1s-zV5eH5-Xi5eZToWIs6oGXogqwxyhyTIhipxVQs3TFPK6bLjQOdT9UlkKROjHrKnYvGJQpQpq0aQTkh7v7rqtOnwpa-XWm43yBwlMDqXkWg6l5FBKMpB9qV7xo9LeheCx-R8q_iBtoorGddErY0_TuyPFPsXeoJdBm6FtbTzqKGtnTvFvO4WZ1Q
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jeoa_2020_100275
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhealeco_2022_102717
crossref_primary_10_1257_jel_20201642
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10645_020_09360_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jeoa_2019_100195
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_techfore_2022_121947
crossref_primary_10_1093_oep_gpae007
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmacro_2022_103451
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_labeco_2023_102388
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2023_e16539
crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_economics_051420_115149
crossref_primary_10_12677_ASS_2024_131003
Cites_doi 10.1162/rest.90.2.300
10.1111/j.1468-0009.2012.00675.x
10.1002/hec.2821
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.08.008
10.1177/0898264316678756
10.1377/hlthaff.28.1.w1
10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000128
10.1016/j.jeoa.2017.10.002
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.06.009
10.1016/j.jet.2015.04.006
10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0685
10.1016/S0167-6296(99)00032-6
10.1023/A:1025598106257
10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.013
10.1111/jeea.12071
10.1257/jel.50.3.645
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.10.003
10.1257/aer.96.5.1821
10.1162/qjec.122.1.39
10.3386/w10842
10.1093/qje/qjw004
10.1086/589523
10.1353/dem.0.0017
10.1056/NEJMsa054744
10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021606
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.11.002
10.1177/0022146510383498
10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.05.066
10.1086/684750
10.1016/j.jmoneco.2015.06.002
10.1056/NEJMsa053935
10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.11.002
10.1257/000282805774669907
10.1007/s12062-011-9047-3
10.1093/geronb/60.Special_Issue_2.S27
10.1093/gerona/62.7.722
10.1080/10556780310001639753
10.1257/aer.104.5.141
10.1257/jel.41.1.113
10.3982/ECTA11182
10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(199909)8:6<485::AID-HEC461>3.0.CO;2-4
10.1016/j.jpubeco.2015.09.011
10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.034
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.04.001
10.2139/ssrn.2941389
10.2139/ssrn.3060004
10.1093/oep/gpr002
10.1002/hec.3269
10.1001/jama.2016.4226
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2019 The Authors
Copyright_xml – notice: 2019 The Authors
DBID 6I.
AAFTH
AAYXX
CITATION
ADTOC
UNPAY
DOI 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002
DatabaseName ScienceDirect Open Access Titles
Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access
CrossRef
Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content
Unpaywall
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: UNPAY
  name: Unpaywall
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Access Repository
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Social Welfare & Social Work
ExternalDocumentID 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002
10_1016_j_jeoa_2019_01_002
S2212828X18300598
GroupedDBID --M
.~1
0R~
1~.
4.4
457
4G.
6I.
7-5
8P~
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAFJI
AAFTH
AAIAV
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAXUO
ABJNI
ABMAC
ABXDB
ABYKQ
ACDAQ
ACGFS
ACRLP
ADBBV
ADEZE
ADFHU
AEBSH
AEKER
AEYQN
AFKWA
AFTJW
AGHFR
AGTHC
AGUBO
AIEXJ
AIIAU
AIKHN
AITUG
AJBFU
AJOXV
AKYCK
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
AOMHK
AVARZ
AXJTR
AXLSJ
BKOJK
BLXMC
EBS
EFJIC
EFLBG
EJD
FDB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
GBLVA
HZ~
IXIXF
KOM
M41
MO0
O9-
OAUVE
P-8
P-9
PC.
PRBVW
Q38
RIG
ROL
SDF
SPCBC
SSB
SSF
SSO
SSZ
T5K
~G-
AAQFI
AATTM
AAXKI
AAYWO
AAYXX
ACLOT
ACVFH
ADCNI
AEIPS
AEUPX
AFJKZ
AFPUW
AIGII
AIIUN
AKBMS
AKRWK
AKYEP
ANKPU
APXCP
CITATION
EFKBS
~HD
ADTOC
UNPAY
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c377t-bd1287b5e6e1f5577860b7a43316d9f27c61dbd1997ee14330fb04b01b3a1d7f3
IEDL.DBID .~1
ISSN 2212-828X
2212-8298
IngestDate Sun Oct 26 02:10:00 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 03:01:00 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:04:52 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:33:14 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed false
IsScholarly true
Keywords Skill-biased earnings growth
Life-expectancy gap
Medical price inflation
Life-cycle model
I11
D15
I24
I12
J11
O41
Overlapping generations
O33
Medical progress
Health care spending
Inequality
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
cc-by
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c377t-bd1287b5e6e1f5577860b7a43316d9f27c61dbd1997ee14330fb04b01b3a1d7f3
OpenAccessLink https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212828X18300598
ParticipantIDs unpaywall_primary_10_1016_j_jeoa_2019_01_002
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jeoa_2019_01_002
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_jeoa_2019_01_002
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_jeoa_2019_01_002
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2019
2019-00-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2019-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – year: 2019
  text: 2019
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationTitle The journal of the economics of ageing
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher Elsevier B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier B.V
References Cutler, Lange, Meara, Richards-Shubik, Ruhm (b0095) 2011; 30
Triplett, Bosworth (b0315) 2004
Frankovic, I., Kuhn, M., (2018), Health insurance, endogenous medical progress, and health expenditure growth, TU Vienna Econ Working Paper 01/2018.
Woolf, Braveman (b0350) 2011; 30
Korda, Clements, Dixon (b0210) 2011; 72
Phelan, Link, Tehranifar (b0255) 2010; 51
Truesdale, Jencks (b0320) 2016; 37
Dalgaard, Strulik (b0110) 2014; 12
Koijen, Philipson, Uhlig (b0205) 2016; 84
Fonseca R., Michaud, P.-C., Kapteyn, A., Galama, T., (2013), Accounting for the rise of health spending and longevity, IZA Discussion Paper No. 7622.
Acemoglu, Guerrieri (b0010) 2008; 116
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2015), The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income: Implications for Federal Programs and Policy Responses. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
Schneider, M.T., Winkler, R. (2017), Growth and welfare under endogenous life-time, CESIfo Working Paper 6367.
Schröder, Richter, Schröder, Frantz, Fink (b0295) 2016; 219
Skinner, J., Zhou, W. (2004), The measurement and evolution of health inequality: evidence from the US Medicare population, NBER Working Paper 10842.
Veliov (b0335) 2003; 18
Viscusi, Aldy (b0340) 2003; 27
Baumol (b0035) 1967; 57
Fiva, Haegeland, Roenning, Syse (b0120) 2014; 36
Autor, Katz, Kearney (b0020) 2008; 90
Hummer, Hernandez (b0195) 2013; 68
Ford, Ajani, Croft, Critchley, Labarthe, Kottke, Giles, Capewell (b0135) 2007; 356
Ozkan, S. (2014), Preventive vs. curative medicine: a macroeconomic analysis of health care over the life cycle. Mimeo.
Referenced: Feb 2, 2018.
Phelan, Link (b0250) 2005; 60
Zweifel, Felder, Meier (b0355) 1999; 8
Capatina (b0050) 2015; 74
Case, Deaton (b0055) 2017; 2017
Glied, Lleras-Muney (b0155) 2008; 45
Lee, R.D., Sanchez-Romero, M., (2017), Overview of the relationship of heterogeneity in life expectancy to pension outcomes and lifetime income. Paper prepared for the 3rd Notional Defined Contribution (NDC III) Pensions Conference, Rome, October 5–6, 2017, forthcoming. In: Holzmann R, E Palmer and R Palacios (eds), NDC Pension Schemes in a Changing Pension World, Volume 3: Facing the Challenges of Marginalization and Polarization in Economy and Society. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank and Swedish Social Insurance Agency.
Suen, RMH (2009), Technological advance and the growth in health care spending. Mimeo.
Congressional Budget Office (2016), The Distribution of Household Income and Federal Taxes, 2013, (Online). Available
Vaupel, Zhang, van Raalte (b0330) 2011; 1
Chetty, Stepner, Abraham, Lin, Scuderi, Turner, Bergeron, Cutler (b0075) 2016; 315
Goldman, Smith (b0165) 2005; 95
Chetty, Hendren, Kline, Saez, Turner (b0070) 2004; 104
Frankovic, I., Kuhn, M., Wrzaczek, S., (2017), Medical progress, demand for health care, and economic performance, TU Vienna Econ Working Paper 08/2017.
Saez, Zucman (b0275) 2016; 131
Cutler, Rosen, Vijan (b0105) 2006; 355
Jones (b0200) 2016; 124
Hall, Jones (b0180) 2007; 122
Vallejo-Torres, Morris (b0325) 2013; 22
Cutler, Lleras-Muney (b0100) 2010; 29
Lange (b0220) 2011; 30
Prados, M.J. (2017), Health and earnings inequality over the life cycle: the redistributive potential of health policies. Mimeo.
Röttger, Blümel, Linder, Busse (b0270) 2017; 185
Harper, Khandrika, Kinoshita, Rosenthal (b0185) 2010; 133
Grimm (b0170) 2011; 63
Böhm, Grossmann, Steger (b0040) 2015; 132
Böhm ,S., Grossmann, V., Strulik, H., (2018), R&D-driven medical progress, health care costs, and the future of human longevity, CESIfo Working Paper 6897.
Sanchez-Romero, Prskawetz (b0280) 2017; 10
Deaton (b0115) 2003; 41
Rockwood, Mitnitski (b0265) 2007; 62A
Kuhn, Wrzaczek, Prskawetz, Feichtinger (b0215) 2015; 158A
OECD (b0240) 2017
Wang, Clouston, Rubin, Colen, Link (b0345) 2012; 90
Ales, L., Hosseini, R., Jones, L.E. (2014), Is there too much inequality in health spending across income groups? Mimeo.
Schoen, Osborn, How, Doty, Peugh (b0290) 2008; 28
Hagen, Häkkinen, Iversen, Klitkou, Moger (b0175) 2015; 24
McGuire (b0230) 2012; vol 2
Acemoglu, Autor (b0005) 2011; vol. 4B
Chetty (b0065) 2006; 96
Sheiner, L., Malinovskaya, A. (2016), Measuring of productivity in health care: an analysis of the literature, Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy at Brookings.
Goldman, Lakdawalla (b0160) 2005; 4
Avitabile, Jappelli, Padula (b0025) 2011; 4
Hernandez, Margolis, Hummer (b0190) 2018; 30
Bago d’Uva, Jones (b0030) 2009; 28
Cole, Kim, Krueger (b0085) 2018
Getzen (b0150) 2000; 19
Chandra, Skinner (b0060) 2012; 50
Clouston, Rubin, Chae, Freese, Nemesure, Link (b0080) 2017; 187
Fleurbaey, Schokkaert (b0125) 2011; vol 2
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0285
Glied (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0155) 2008; 45
Woolf (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0350) 2011; 30
Acemoglu (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0010) 2008; 116
Vallejo-Torres (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0325) 2013; 22
Rockwood (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0265) 2007; 62A
Viscusi (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0340) 2003; 27
Koijen (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0205) 2016; 84
Phelan (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0250) 2005; 60
Autor (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0020) 2008; 90
Getzen (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0150) 2000; 19
Truesdale (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0320) 2016; 37
Hagen (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0175) 2015; 24
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0245
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0045
Harper (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0185) 2010; 133
Bago d’Uva (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0030) 2009; 28
Phelan (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0255) 2010; 51
Schoen (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0290) 2008; 28
Ford (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0135) 2007; 356
Chetty (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0070) 2004; 104
Korda (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0210) 2011; 72
Jones (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0200) 2016; 124
Clouston (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0080) 2017; 187
Röttger (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0270) 2017; 185
Wang (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0345) 2012; 90
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0235
Fiva (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0120) 2014; 36
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0310
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0140
Kuhn (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0215) 2015; 158A
Hall (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0180) 2007; 122
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0260
Case (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0055) 2017; 2017
Chandra (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0060) 2012; 50
OECD (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0240) 2017
Avitabile (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0025) 2011; 4
Chetty (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0075) 2016; 315
Cutler (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0105) 2006; 355
Schröder (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0295) 2016; 219
Deaton (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0115) 2003; 41
Saez (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0275) 2016; 131
Sanchez-Romero (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0280) 2017; 10
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0305
Zweifel (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0355) 1999; 8
Grimm (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0170) 2011; 63
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0225
Chetty (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0065) 2006; 96
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0300
Cole (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0085) 2018
Triplett (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0315) 2004
Vaupel (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0330) 2011; 1
Veliov (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0335) 2003; 18
Baumol (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0035) 1967; 57
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0145
Fleurbaey (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0125) 2011; vol 2
McGuire (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0230) 2012; vol 2
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0130
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0090
Goldman (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0165) 2005; 95
Hernandez (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0190) 2018; 30
Acemoglu (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0005) 2011; vol. 4B
Capatina (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0050) 2015; 74
Cutler (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0100) 2010; 29
Hummer (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0195) 2013; 68
Lange (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0220) 2011; 30
Dalgaard (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0110) 2014; 12
Goldman (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0160) 2005; 4
10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0015
Böhm (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0040) 2015; 132
Cutler (10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0095) 2011; 30
References_xml – volume: 95
  start-page: 234
  year: 2005
  end-page: 237
  ident: b0165
  article-title: Socioeconomic differences in the adoption of new medical technologies
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev. (Papers & Proceedings)
– volume: 18
  start-page: 689
  year: 2003
  end-page: 703
  ident: b0335
  article-title: Newton’s method for problems of optimal control of heterogeneous systems
  publication-title: Optim. Methods Softw.
– volume: 37
  start-page: 413
  year: 2016
  end-page: 430
  ident: b0320
  article-title: The health effects of income inequality: averages and disparities
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Public Health
– reference: Frankovic, I., Kuhn, M., (2018), Health insurance, endogenous medical progress, and health expenditure growth, TU Vienna Econ Working Paper 01/2018.
– volume: 116
  start-page: 467
  year: 2008
  end-page: 498
  ident: b0010
  article-title: Capital deepening and nonbalanced economic growth
  publication-title: J. Political Economy
– volume: 41
  start-page: 113
  year: 2003
  end-page: 158
  ident: b0115
  article-title: Health, inequality, and economic development
  publication-title: J. Econ. Lit.
– year: 2017
  ident: b0240
  article-title: Preventing Ageing Unequally
– volume: 104
  start-page: 141
  year: 2004
  end-page: 147
  ident: b0070
  article-title: Is the United States still a land of opportunity? Recent trends in intergenerational mobility
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
– reference: Prados, M.J. (2017), Health and earnings inequality over the life cycle: the redistributive potential of health policies. Mimeo.
– volume: 84
  start-page: 195
  year: 2016
  end-page: 242
  ident: b0205
  article-title: Financial health economics
  publication-title: Econometrica
– volume: 28
  start-page: w1
  year: 2008
  end-page: w16
  ident: b0290
  article-title: In chronic condition: experiences of patients with complex health care needs, in eight countries
  publication-title: Health Aff.
– volume: 187
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  end-page: 10
  ident: b0080
  article-title: Fundamental causes of accelerated declines in colorectal cancer mortality: modeling multiple ways that disadvantage influences mortality risk
  publication-title: Social Sci. Med.
– volume: 45
  start-page: 741
  year: 2008
  end-page: 761
  ident: b0155
  article-title: Technological innovation and inequality in health
  publication-title: Demography
– volume: 90
  start-page: 300
  year: 2008
  end-page: 323
  ident: b0020
  article-title: Trends in U.S. wage inequality: revising the revisionists
  publication-title: Rev. Econ. Stat.
– reference: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2015), The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income: Implications for Federal Programs and Policy Responses. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
– volume: 30
  start-page: 43
  year: 2011
  end-page: 54
  ident: b0220
  article-title: The role of education in complex health decisions: evidence from cancer screening
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
– volume: 90
  start-page: 592
  year: 2012
  end-page: 618
  ident: b0345
  article-title: Fundamental causes of colorectal cancer mortality: the implications of informational diffusion
  publication-title: Milbank Q.
– volume: 132
  start-page: 79
  year: 2015
  end-page: 94
  ident: b0040
  article-title: Does expansion of higher education lead to trickle-down growth?
  publication-title: J. Public Econ.
– volume: 315
  start-page: 1750
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1766
  ident: b0075
  article-title: The association between income and life expectancy in the United States, 2001–2014
  publication-title: J. Am. Med. Assoc.
– reference: Ozkan, S. (2014), Preventive vs. curative medicine: a macroeconomic analysis of health care over the life cycle. Mimeo.
– volume: 12
  start-page: 672
  year: 2014
  end-page: 701
  ident: b0110
  article-title: Optimal aging and death: understanding the preston curve
  publication-title: J. Eur. Econ. Assoc.
– volume: 185
  start-page: 54
  year: 2017
  end-page: 62
  ident: b0270
  article-title: Health system responsiveness and chronic disease care – What is the role of disease management programs? An analysis based on cross-sectional survey and administrative claims data
  publication-title: Social Sci. Med.
– volume: vol 2
  year: 2011
  ident: b0125
  article-title: Equity in health and health care, chapter 16
  publication-title: Handbook of Health Economics
– volume: 60
  start-page: S27
  year: 2005
  end-page: S33
  ident: b0250
  article-title: Controlling disease and creating disparities: a fundamental cause perspective
  publication-title: J. Gerontol., Ser. B
– reference: Sheiner, L., Malinovskaya, A. (2016), Measuring of productivity in health care: an analysis of the literature, Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy at Brookings.
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1
  year: 2010
  end-page: 28
  ident: b0100
  article-title: Understanding differences in health behaviors by education
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
– volume: 124
  start-page: 539
  year: 2016
  end-page: 578
  ident: b0200
  article-title: Life and growth
  publication-title: J. Political Econ.
– volume: vol 2
  year: 2012
  ident: b0230
  article-title: Demand for health insurance, chapter 5
  publication-title: Handbook of Health Economics
– volume: 8
  start-page: 485
  year: 1999
  end-page: 496
  ident: b0355
  article-title: Ageing of population and health care expenditure: a red herring?
  publication-title: Health Econ.
– volume: 96
  start-page: 1821
  year: 2006
  end-page: 1834
  ident: b0065
  article-title: A new method of estimating risk aversion
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
– volume: 133
  start-page: 16
  year: 2010
  end-page: 31
  ident: b0185
  article-title: Nonmanufacturing industry contributions to multifactor productivity, 1987–2006
  publication-title: Monthly Labour Rev.
– reference: Ales, L., Hosseini, R., Jones, L.E. (2014), Is there too much inequality in health spending across income groups? Mimeo.
– reference: Skinner, J., Zhou, W. (2004), The measurement and evolution of health inequality: evidence from the US Medicare population, NBER Working Paper 10842.
– volume: 63
  start-page: 448
  year: 2011
  end-page: 474
  ident: b0170
  article-title: Does inequality in health impede economic growth?
  publication-title: Oxford Econ. Papers
– volume: 68
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  end-page: 16
  ident: b0195
  article-title: The effect of educational attainment on adult mortality in the United States
  publication-title: Popul. Bull.
– volume: 51
  start-page: S28
  year: 2010
  end-page: S40
  ident: b0255
  article-title: Social conditions as fundamental causes of health inequalities: theory, evidence, and policy implications
  publication-title: J. Health Soc. Behav.
– volume: 122
  start-page: 39
  year: 2007
  end-page: 72
  ident: b0180
  article-title: The value of life and the rise in health spending
  publication-title: Quart. J. Econ.
– reference: Suen, RMH (2009), Technological advance and the growth in health care spending. Mimeo.
– volume: 355
  start-page: 920
  year: 2006
  end-page: 927
  ident: b0105
  article-title: The value of medical spending in the United States, 1960–2000
  publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med.
– reference: , Referenced: Feb 2, 2018.
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1852
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1859
  ident: b0350
  article-title: Where health disparities begin: the role of social and economic determinants – and why current policies may make matters worse
  publication-title: Health Aff.
– volume: 219
  start-page: 70
  year: 2016
  end-page: 78
  ident: b0295
  article-title: Socioeconomic inequalities in access to treatment for coronary heart disease: a systematic review
  publication-title: Int. J. Cardiol.
– volume: 57
  start-page: 415
  year: 1967
  end-page: 426
  ident: b0035
  article-title: Macroeconomics of unbalanced growth: the anatomy of urban crisis
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
– volume: 50
  start-page: 645
  year: 2012
  end-page: 680
  ident: b0060
  article-title: Technology growth and expenditure growth in health care
  publication-title: J. Econ. Lit.
– volume: 131
  start-page: 519
  year: 2016
  end-page: 578
  ident: b0275
  article-title: Wealth inequality in the United States since 1913: evidence from capitalized income tax data
  publication-title: Quart. J. Econ.
– volume: 28
  start-page: 265
  year: 2009
  end-page: 279
  ident: b0030
  article-title: Health care utilitzation in Europe: new evidence from the ECHP
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
– volume: 4
  year: 2005
  ident: b0160
  article-title: A theory of health disparities and medical technology
  publication-title: BE Contrib. Econ. Anal. Policy
– volume: 36
  start-page: 98
  year: 2014
  end-page: 111
  ident: b0120
  article-title: Access to treatment and educational inequalities in cancer survival
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
– volume: 2017
  start-page: 397
  year: 2017
  end-page: 443
  ident: b0055
  article-title: Mortality and morbidity in the 21st century. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity
  publication-title: Spring
– volume: 4
  start-page: 251
  year: 2011
  end-page: 269
  ident: b0025
  article-title: Cognitive abilities, health care and screening tests
  publication-title: J. Popul. Ageing
– volume: 24
  start-page: 102
  year: 2015
  end-page: 115
  ident: b0175
  article-title: Socio-economic inequality in the use of proucedures and mortality among AMI patients: quantifying the effects along different paths
  publication-title: Health Econ.
– volume: 74
  start-page: 67
  year: 2015
  end-page: 88
  ident: b0050
  article-title: Life-cycle effects of health risk
  publication-title: J. Monetary Econ.
– volume: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: b0330
  article-title: Life expectancy and disparity: an international comparison of life table data
  publication-title: BMJ Open
– reference: Lee, R.D., Sanchez-Romero, M., (2017), Overview of the relationship of heterogeneity in life expectancy to pension outcomes and lifetime income. Paper prepared for the 3rd Notional Defined Contribution (NDC III) Pensions Conference, Rome, October 5–6, 2017, forthcoming. In: Holzmann R, E Palmer and R Palacios (eds), NDC Pension Schemes in a Changing Pension World, Volume 3: Facing the Challenges of Marginalization and Polarization in Economy and Society. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank and Swedish Social Insurance Agency.
– volume: vol. 4B
  year: 2011
  ident: b0005
  article-title: Skills, tasks and technologies: implications for employment and earnings, chapter 12
  publication-title: Handbook of labour Economics
– volume: 72
  start-page: 224
  year: 2011
  end-page: 229
  ident: b0210
  article-title: Socioeconomic inequalities in the diffusion of health technology: uptake of coronary procedures as an example
  publication-title: Social Sci. Med.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 5
  year: 2003
  end-page: 76
  ident: b0340
  article-title: The value of a statistical life: a critical review of market estimates throughout the world
  publication-title: J. Risk Uncertainty
– reference: Frankovic, I., Kuhn, M., Wrzaczek, S., (2017), Medical progress, demand for health care, and economic performance, TU Vienna Econ Working Paper 08/2017.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 51
  year: 2017
  end-page: 74
  ident: b0280
  article-title: Redistributive effects of the US pension system among individuals with different life expectancy
  publication-title: J. Econ. Ageing
– volume: 22
  start-page: 533
  year: 2013
  end-page: 553
  ident: b0325
  article-title: Income-related inequality in health care utilisation amon individuals with cardiovascular disease in England – accounting for vertical inequity
  publication-title: Health Econ.
– volume: 62A
  start-page: 722
  year: 2007
  end-page: 727
  ident: b0265
  article-title: Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits
  publication-title: J. Gerontol.: Med. Sci.
– reference: Congressional Budget Office (2016), The Distribution of Household Income and Federal Taxes, 2013, (Online). Available: 
– reference: Böhm ,S., Grossmann, V., Strulik, H., (2018), R&D-driven medical progress, health care costs, and the future of human longevity, CESIfo Working Paper 6897.
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1174
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1187
  ident: b0095
  article-title: Rising educational gradients in mortality: the role of behavioral risk factors
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
– year: 2004
  ident: b0315
  article-title: Productivity in the US Services Sector: New Sources of Economic Growth
– reference: Fonseca R., Michaud, P.-C., Kapteyn, A., Galama, T., (2013), Accounting for the rise of health spending and longevity, IZA Discussion Paper No. 7622.
– volume: 19
  start-page: 259
  year: 2000
  end-page: 270
  ident: b0150
  article-title: Health care ia an individual necessity and a national luxury: applying multilevel decision models to the analysis of health care expenditures
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
– volume: 158A
  start-page: 186
  year: 2015
  end-page: 212
  ident: b0215
  article-title: Optimal choice of health and retirement in a life-cycle model
  publication-title: J. Econ. Theory
– reference: Schneider, M.T., Winkler, R. (2017), Growth and welfare under endogenous life-time, CESIfo Working Paper 6367.
– volume: 356
  start-page: 2388
  year: 2007
  end-page: 2398
  ident: b0135
  article-title: Explaining the decrease in the U.S. deaths from coronary disease, 1980–2000
  publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med.
– volume: 30
  start-page: 342
  year: 2018
  end-page: 364
  ident: b0190
  article-title: Educational and gender differences in health behavior changes after a gateway diagnosis
  publication-title: J. Aging Health
– start-page: 1
  year: 2018
  end-page: 47
  ident: b0085
  article-title: Analyzing the effects of insuring health risks
  publication-title: Rev. Econ. Stud.
– volume: 90
  start-page: 300
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0020
  article-title: Trends in U.S. wage inequality: revising the revisionists
  publication-title: Rev. Econ. Stat.
  doi: 10.1162/rest.90.2.300
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0300
– volume: 90
  start-page: 592
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0345
  article-title: Fundamental causes of colorectal cancer mortality: the implications of informational diffusion
  publication-title: Milbank Q.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2012.00675.x
– volume: 22
  start-page: 533
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0325
  article-title: Income-related inequality in health care utilisation amon individuals with cardiovascular disease in England – accounting for vertical inequity
  publication-title: Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1002/hec.2821
– volume: 30
  start-page: 43
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0220
  article-title: The role of education in complex health decisions: evidence from cancer screening
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.08.008
– volume: 30
  start-page: 342
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0190
  article-title: Educational and gender differences in health behavior changes after a gateway diagnosis
  publication-title: J. Aging Health
  doi: 10.1177/0898264316678756
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0140
– volume: 28
  start-page: w1
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0290
  article-title: In chronic condition: experiences of patients with complex health care needs, in eight countries
  publication-title: Health Aff.
  doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.1.w1
– volume: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0330
  article-title: Life expectancy and disparity: an international comparison of life table data
  publication-title: BMJ Open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000128
– volume: 10
  start-page: 51
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0280
  article-title: Redistributive effects of the US pension system among individuals with different life expectancy
  publication-title: J. Econ. Ageing
  doi: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2017.10.002
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1174
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0095
  article-title: Rising educational gradients in mortality: the role of behavioral risk factors
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.06.009
– volume: vol. 4B
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0005
  article-title: Skills, tasks and technologies: implications for employment and earnings, chapter 12
– volume: 158A
  start-page: 186
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0215
  article-title: Optimal choice of health and retirement in a life-cycle model
  publication-title: J. Econ. Theory
  doi: 10.1016/j.jet.2015.04.006
– volume: 133
  start-page: 16
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0185
  article-title: Nonmanufacturing industry contributions to multifactor productivity, 1987–2006
  publication-title: Monthly Labour Rev.
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0015
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1852
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0350
  article-title: Where health disparities begin: the role of social and economic determinants – and why current policies may make matters worse
  publication-title: Health Aff.
  doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0685
– volume: 19
  start-page: 259
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0150
  article-title: Health care ia an individual necessity and a national luxury: applying multilevel decision models to the analysis of health care expenditures
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/S0167-6296(99)00032-6
– volume: 27
  start-page: 5
  issue: 1
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0340
  article-title: The value of a statistical life: a critical review of market estimates throughout the world
  publication-title: J. Risk Uncertainty
  doi: 10.1023/A:1025598106257
– volume: 187
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0080
  article-title: Fundamental causes of accelerated declines in colorectal cancer mortality: modeling multiple ways that disadvantage influences mortality risk
  publication-title: Social Sci. Med.
  doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.013
– volume: 12
  start-page: 672
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0110
  article-title: Optimal aging and death: understanding the preston curve
  publication-title: J. Eur. Econ. Assoc.
  doi: 10.1111/jeea.12071
– volume: 50
  start-page: 645
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0060
  article-title: Technology growth and expenditure growth in health care
  publication-title: J. Econ. Lit.
  doi: 10.1257/jel.50.3.645
– start-page: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0085
  article-title: Analyzing the effects of insuring health risks
  publication-title: Rev. Econ. Stud.
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0100
  article-title: Understanding differences in health behaviors by education
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.10.003
– volume: 96
  start-page: 1821
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0065
  article-title: A new method of estimating risk aversion
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
  doi: 10.1257/aer.96.5.1821
– volume: 122
  start-page: 39
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0180
  article-title: The value of life and the rise in health spending
  publication-title: Quart. J. Econ.
  doi: 10.1162/qjec.122.1.39
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0305
  doi: 10.3386/w10842
– volume: 131
  start-page: 519
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0275
  article-title: Wealth inequality in the United States since 1913: evidence from capitalized income tax data
  publication-title: Quart. J. Econ.
  doi: 10.1093/qje/qjw004
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0245
– volume: 116
  start-page: 467
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0010
  article-title: Capital deepening and nonbalanced economic growth
  publication-title: J. Political Economy
  doi: 10.1086/589523
– volume: 45
  start-page: 741
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0155
  article-title: Technological innovation and inequality in health
  publication-title: Demography
  doi: 10.1353/dem.0.0017
– volume: 355
  start-page: 920
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0105
  article-title: The value of medical spending in the United States, 1960–2000
  publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med.
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa054744
– volume: 37
  start-page: 413
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0320
  article-title: The health effects of income inequality: averages and disparities
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Public Health
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021606
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0235
– volume: 28
  start-page: 265
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0030
  article-title: Health care utilitzation in Europe: new evidence from the ECHP
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.11.002
– volume: 57
  start-page: 415
  year: 1967
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0035
  article-title: Macroeconomics of unbalanced growth: the anatomy of urban crisis
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
– volume: 51
  start-page: S28
  issue: S
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0255
  article-title: Social conditions as fundamental causes of health inequalities: theory, evidence, and policy implications
  publication-title: J. Health Soc. Behav.
  doi: 10.1177/0022146510383498
– volume: vol 2
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0125
  article-title: Equity in health and health care, chapter 16
– volume: 219
  start-page: 70
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0295
  article-title: Socioeconomic inequalities in access to treatment for coronary heart disease: a systematic review
  publication-title: Int. J. Cardiol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.05.066
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0145
– year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0240
– volume: 124
  start-page: 539
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0200
  article-title: Life and growth
  publication-title: J. Political Econ.
  doi: 10.1086/684750
– volume: 74
  start-page: 67
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0050
  article-title: Life-cycle effects of health risk
  publication-title: J. Monetary Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2015.06.002
– volume: 356
  start-page: 2388
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0135
  article-title: Explaining the decrease in the U.S. deaths from coronary disease, 1980–2000
  publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med.
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa053935
– volume: 72
  start-page: 224
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0210
  article-title: Socioeconomic inequalities in the diffusion of health technology: uptake of coronary procedures as an example
  publication-title: Social Sci. Med.
  doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.11.002
– volume: 95
  start-page: 234
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0165
  article-title: Socioeconomic differences in the adoption of new medical technologies
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev. (Papers & Proceedings)
  doi: 10.1257/000282805774669907
– volume: 4
  start-page: 251
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0025
  article-title: Cognitive abilities, health care and screening tests
  publication-title: J. Popul. Ageing
  doi: 10.1007/s12062-011-9047-3
– volume: 4
  issue: 1
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0160
  article-title: A theory of health disparities and medical technology
  publication-title: BE Contrib. Econ. Anal. Policy
– volume: 60
  start-page: S27
  issue: Speical Issue 2
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0250
  article-title: Controlling disease and creating disparities: a fundamental cause perspective
  publication-title: J. Gerontol., Ser. B
  doi: 10.1093/geronb/60.Special_Issue_2.S27
– volume: 62A
  start-page: 722
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0265
  article-title: Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits
  publication-title: J. Gerontol.: Med. Sci.
  doi: 10.1093/gerona/62.7.722
– volume: 18
  start-page: 689
  issue: 6
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0335
  article-title: Newton’s method for problems of optimal control of heterogeneous systems
  publication-title: Optim. Methods Softw.
  doi: 10.1080/10556780310001639753
– volume: 2017
  start-page: 397
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0055
  article-title: Mortality and morbidity in the 21st century. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity
  publication-title: Spring
– volume: 104
  start-page: 141
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0070
  article-title: Is the United States still a land of opportunity? Recent trends in intergenerational mobility
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
  doi: 10.1257/aer.104.5.141
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0225
– volume: 68
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0195
  article-title: The effect of educational attainment on adult mortality in the United States
  publication-title: Popul. Bull.
– volume: 41
  start-page: 113
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0115
  article-title: Health, inequality, and economic development
  publication-title: J. Econ. Lit.
  doi: 10.1257/jel.41.1.113
– volume: 84
  start-page: 195
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0205
  article-title: Financial health economics
  publication-title: Econometrica
  doi: 10.3982/ECTA11182
– volume: 8
  start-page: 485
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0355
  article-title: Ageing of population and health care expenditure: a red herring?
  publication-title: Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(199909)8:6<485::AID-HEC461>3.0.CO;2-4
– volume: vol 2
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0230
  article-title: Demand for health insurance, chapter 5
– volume: 132
  start-page: 79
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0040
  article-title: Does expansion of higher education lead to trickle-down growth?
  publication-title: J. Public Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2015.09.011
– volume: 185
  start-page: 54
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0270
  article-title: Health system responsiveness and chronic disease care – What is the role of disease management programs? An analysis based on cross-sectional survey and administrative claims data
  publication-title: Social Sci. Med.
  doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.034
– volume: 36
  start-page: 98
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0120
  article-title: Access to treatment and educational inequalities in cancer survival
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.04.001
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0285
  doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2941389
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0310
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0045
  doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3060004
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0260
– year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0315
– volume: 63
  start-page: 448
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0170
  article-title: Does inequality in health impede economic growth?
  publication-title: Oxford Econ. Papers
  doi: 10.1093/oep/gpr002
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0090
– ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0130
– volume: 24
  start-page: 102
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0175
  article-title: Socio-economic inequality in the use of proucedures and mortality among AMI patients: quantifying the effects along different paths
  publication-title: Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1002/hec.3269
– volume: 315
  start-page: 1750
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002_b0075
  article-title: The association between income and life expectancy in the United States, 2001–2014
  publication-title: J. Am. Med. Assoc.
  doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.4226
SSID ssj0001034511
Score 2.2185464
Snippet We study skill- and income-related differences in the access to health care as drivers of longevity inequality from a theoretical life-cycle as well as from a...
SourceID unpaywall
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Open Access Repository
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 100188
SubjectTerms D15
Health care spending
I11
I12
I24
Inequality
J11
Life-cycle model
Life-expectancy gap
Medical price inflation
Medical progress
O33
O41
Overlapping generations
Skill-biased earnings growth
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Unpaywall
  dbid: UNPAY
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1NS8QwEA2yHjz5La6ozEG8aCVpm6b1toiyCC4eXFxPJUnTxd3armuL6K83abp-obLeSphp6cyQPMi8NwgdSBeHCrvCSVTiOj6j1BE6707IuUxC4qXYNQTnq17Q7fuXAzpoZHIMF-bL_X3dhzVShdEHIlEtr2l0IxcDqnF3Cy32e9edOzM9Tu-_hg89-HiOwoYh8_NLfjuFlqp8wl-eeZZ9OmUuVuy4oqdanNA0l4xPqlKcyNdv0o3z_cAqWm7AJnRsdayhBZWvo13LyIVblaV8quAQZgvFdLyB8k49QhHKAixHEkxz2DE82BsdqBu6jAHPE9DoEVRD4FRQpPVCVuRDZUZSwJBPTqEDQyttDeqxuq8pBtWD9rZiKJuof3F-c9Z1mqEMjvQYKx2R6BONCaoCRVJKjfwcFowb4lWQRKnLZEASbRRFTCkNxjycCuwLTITHScJSbwu18iJX2wiwnwqqd2NMKfeZ8Dn2XE-wUHIhSSSjNiKzJMWyUSw3gzOyeNaaNopNcGMT3BiTWAe3jY7efSZWr-NPazrLfdwgDoskYp3GP_2O3wtljs_s_M98F7XKaaX2NNopxX5T5m_Dtfnt
  priority: 102
  providerName: Unpaywall
Title Access to health care, medical progress and the emergence of the longevity gap: A general equilibrium analysis
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.01.002
UnpaywallVersion publishedVersion
Volume 14
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVESC
  databaseName: Baden-Württemberg Complete Freedom Collection (Elsevier)
  issn: 2212-828X
  databaseCode: GBLVA
  dateStart: 20110101
  customDbUrl:
  isFulltext: true
  dateEnd: 99991231
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001034511
  providerName: Elsevier
– providerCode: PRVESC
  databaseName: Elsevier SD Complete Freedom Collection [SCCMFC]
  issn: 2212-828X
  databaseCode: ACRLP
  dateStart: 20131101
  customDbUrl:
  isFulltext: true
  dateEnd: 99991231
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001034511
  providerName: Elsevier
– providerCode: PRVESC
  databaseName: Science Direct
  issn: 2212-828X
  databaseCode: .~1
  dateStart: 20131101
  customDbUrl:
  isFulltext: true
  dateEnd: 99991231
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001034511
  providerName: Elsevier
– providerCode: PRVESC
  databaseName: ScienceDirect Freedom Collection Journals
  issn: 2212-828X
  databaseCode: AIKHN
  dateStart: 20131101
  customDbUrl:
  isFulltext: true
  dateEnd: 99991231
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001034511
  providerName: Elsevier
– providerCode: PRVLSH
  databaseName: Elsevier Journals
  issn: 2212-828X
  databaseCode: AKRWK
  dateStart: 20131101
  customDbUrl:
  isFulltext: true
  mediaType: online
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001034511
  providerName: Library Specific Holdings
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3fa9swEBYle1hfyn6VZsvCPYy9LF4k24rivZmwkG0sDLqw9MlIthzSOnYWYkpf9rdPZ8npBiOUPRmLO2R04u4s3fcdIW9Sn4419ZWX6cz3QsG5p4zdvbGUaTZmQU59BDh_nY9mi_Dzki9PyKTFwmBZpfP91qc33tqNDN1qDrfr9fDSN17X_C8szaZECCUCfsNQYBeD97_Y_TkLDZCCC3vMGXlETS8ddsaWeV3rCumHWNSwd7rTlX_Ep8d1uZV3t7Io_og_0yfkzCWOENtve0pOdPmM9Cy6Fn7oIpc7DW-hHah2N89JGTftEGFfgcU7AhZ6DWBjb2egKc5CAVlmYDJB0A6MqaHKm4GiKlca20vASm4_QAwrS1MN-me9buAC9cZoW2KTF2Qx_fh9MvNcgwUvDYTYeyozKygU1yPNcs6RSo4qIRFENcqi3BfpiGVGKIqE1iaxCmiuaKgoU4FkmciDc9Ipq1JfEKBhrrjxrJRzGQoVShr4gRLjVKqURWnUJaxd1iR17OPYBKNI2jKz6wRNkaApEsoSY4oueXfQ2VrujaPSvLVW8tcOSkxwOKo3OJj2AdO8_M9pXpFTfLOnNz3S2e9q_drkM3vVbzZsnzyKP32Zzc1zMf8WX_0GXsj1Lw
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1NT9wwELXo9kAvCApV-Z5DxQXStZN4nXBbrUDbFrgA6t4sO3FWCyFZVrtCXPjteGKHglShqlfbI0ee0czYmfeGkG9ZSBNDQx3kJg-DWHAeaKv3IFEqyxMWFTREgPP5RW94Hf8c8dESGbRYGCyr9L7f-fTGW_uRrj_N7nQy6V6G1uva-8LIGiVCKJMP5GPMQ4E3sO9P7M9DC42QgwubzFkBhE2PPHjG1XndmBr5h1ja0Hf655W_BKjlRTVVjw-qLF8FoNNVsuIzR-i7j1sjS6b6THYcvBZ-m7JQMwMH0A7Us9t1UvWbfogwr8EBHgErvY7gzv2egaY6CxeoKgebCoLxaEwDddEMlHU1NthfAsZqegx9GDueajD3i0mDF1jcWWnHbLJBrk9PrgbDwHdYCLJIiHmgc3uEQnPTM6zgHLnkqBYKUVS9PC1CkfVYbhelqTDGZlYRLTSNNWU6UiwXRfSFdKq6Ml8J0LjQ3LpWyrmKhY4VjcJIiyRTOmNplm4S1h6rzDz9OHbBKGVbZ3YjURUSVSEpk1YVm-TwRWbqyDfeXc1bbck3JiRtdHhX7uhFtf-wzdZ_brNPlodX52fy7MfFr23yCWfcU84O6cxnC7Nrk5u53muM9xliSPUU
linkToUnpaywall http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1NS8QwEA2yHjz5La6ozEG8aCVpm6b1toiyCC4eXFxPJUnTxd3armuL6K83abp-obLeSphp6cyQPMi8NwgdSBeHCrvCSVTiOj6j1BE6707IuUxC4qXYNQTnq17Q7fuXAzpoZHIMF-bL_X3dhzVShdEHIlEtr2l0IxcDqnF3Cy32e9edOzM9Tu-_hg89-HiOwoYh8_NLfjuFlqp8wl-eeZZ9OmUuVuy4oqdanNA0l4xPqlKcyNdv0o3z_cAqWm7AJnRsdayhBZWvo13LyIVblaV8quAQZgvFdLyB8k49QhHKAixHEkxz2DE82BsdqBu6jAHPE9DoEVRD4FRQpPVCVuRDZUZSwJBPTqEDQyttDeqxuq8pBtWD9rZiKJuof3F-c9Z1mqEMjvQYKx2R6BONCaoCRVJKjfwcFowb4lWQRKnLZEASbRRFTCkNxjycCuwLTITHScJSbwu18iJX2wiwnwqqd2NMKfeZ8Dn2XE-wUHIhSSSjNiKzJMWyUSw3gzOyeNaaNopNcGMT3BiTWAe3jY7efSZWr-NPazrLfdwgDoskYp3GP_2O3wtljs_s_M98F7XKaaX2NNopxX5T5m_Dtfnt
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Access+to+health+care%2C+medical+progress+and+the+emergence+of+the+longevity+gap%3A+A+general+equilibrium+analysis&rft.jtitle=The+journal+of+the+economics+of+ageing&rft.au=Frankovic%2C+Ivan&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+Michael&rft.date=2019&rft.pub=Elsevier+B.V&rft.issn=2212-828X&rft.volume=14&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jeoa.2019.01.002&rft.externalDocID=S2212828X18300598
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2212-828X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2212-828X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2212-828X&client=summon