Local certification of graphs with bounded genus

• Published in: Discrete Applied Mathematics Vol. 325; pp. 9 - 36
• Main Authors: Feuilloley, Laurent, Fraigniaud, Pierre, Montealegre, Pedro, Rapaport, Ivan, Rémila, Éric, Todinca, Ioan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 30.01.2023; Elsevier
• Subjects: Computer Science; Distributed graph algorithms; Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing; Local certification; Locally checkable proofs; Proof-labeling scheme; Distributed graph algorithms; Proof-labeling scheme; Locally checkable proofs; Local certification; 2012 ACM Subject Classification D.1.3 Concurrent Programming (Distributed programming); proof-labeling scheme; locally checkable proofs
• ISSN: 0166-218X; 1872-6771
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dam.2022.10.004

Naor, Parter, and Yogev [SODA 2020] recently designed a compiler for automatically translating standard centralized interactive protocols to distributed interactive protocols, as introduced by Kol, Oshman, and Saxena [PODC 2018]. In particular, by using this compiler, every linear-time algorithm for deciding the membership to some fixed graph class can be translated into a dMAM(O(logn)) protocol for this class, that is, a distributed interactive protocol with O(logn)-bit proof size in n-node graphs, and three interactions between the (centralized) computationally-unbounded but non-trustable prover Merlin, and the (decentralized) randomized computationally-limited verifier Arthur. As a corollary, there is a dMAM(O(logn)) protocol for recognizing the class of planar graphs, as well as for recognizing the class of graphs with bounded genus. We show that there exists a distributed interactive protocol for recognizing the class of graphs with bounded genus performing just a single interaction, from the prover to the verifier, yet preserving proof size of O(logn) bits. This result also holds for the class of graphs with bounded non-orientable genus, that is, graphs that can be embedded on a non-orientable surface of bounded genus. The interactive protocols described in this paper are actually proof-labeling schemes, i.e., a subclass of interactive protocols, previously introduced by Korman, Kutten, and Peleg [PODC 2005]. In particular, these schemes do not require any randomization from the verifier, and the proofs may often be computed a priori, at low cost, by the nodes themselves. Our results thus extend the recent proof-labeling scheme for planar graphs by Feuilloley et al. [PODC 2020], to graphs of bounded genus, and to graphs of bounded non-orientable genus.