A biorefinery for conversion of citrus peel waste into essential oils, pectin, fertilizer and succinic acid via different fermentation strategies
[Display omitted] •A biorefinery process isolated essential oils (0.43%) and pectin (30.53%) from CPW.•D-limonene comprised 97% of essential oil’s composition among 17 compounds detected.•Combined use of CSL and vitamins in CPW hydrolyzates enhanced succinate production.•Fed-batch fermentation impro...
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| Published in | Waste management (Elmsford) Vol. 113; pp. 469 - 477 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
15.07.2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0956-053X 1879-2456 1879-2456 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.020 |
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| Abstract | [Display omitted]
•A biorefinery process isolated essential oils (0.43%) and pectin (30.53%) from CPW.•D-limonene comprised 97% of essential oil’s composition among 17 compounds detected.•Combined use of CSL and vitamins in CPW hydrolyzates enhanced succinate production.•Fed-batch fermentation improved succinate production from CPW hydrolyzates by 27%•Biorefinery residues were used as fertilizer imposing stress on plant growth.
A process for the valorization of citrus peel waste (CPW) has been developed aiming to produce succinic acid and a series of added-value products through the biorefinery platform. CPW was subject to physicochemical and biological treatment to isolate essential oils (0.43%) and pectin (30.53%) as extractable products, pretreating the material for subsequent production of succinic acid that enabled application of remaining biorefinery residues (BR) as fertilizer substitute. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents of CPW accounted for 22.45%, 8.05% and 0.66% respectively, while acid hydrolysis reduced hemicellulose by 3.42% in BR. Moreover, essential oils extracted from CPW included 17 compounds, among which D-limonene reached 96.7%. The hydrolyzate generated was fermented for succinic acid production using Actinobacillus succinogenes. Different batch experiments demonstrated that the combined use of corn steep liquor (CSL) and vitamins in a lab-scale bioreactor resulted in product concentration and yield that reached 18.5 g L−1 and 0.62 g g−1 respectively. Although simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) could not enhance succinic acid production, a fed-batch fermentation strategy increased succinic acid concentration and yield generating 22.4 g L−1 and 0.73 g g−1 respectively, while the mass of the platform chemical formed was enhanced by 27% as compared to the batch process. BR was explored as fertilizer substitute aiming to close the loop in the management of CPW towards development of a zero-waste process demonstrating that although the material imposed stress on plant growth, the content of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen in the mixture increased. |
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| AbstractList | A process for the valorization of citrus peel waste (CPW) has been developed aiming to produce succinic acid and a series of added-value products through the biorefinery platform. CPW was subject to physicochemical and biological treatment to isolate essential oils (0.43%) and pectin (30.53%) as extractable products, pretreating the material for subsequent production of succinic acid that enabled application of remaining biorefinery residues (BR) as fertilizer substitute. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents of CPW accounted for 22.45%, 8.05% and 0.66% respectively, while acid hydrolysis reduced hemicellulose by 3.42% in BR. Moreover, essential oils extracted from CPW included 17 compounds, among which D-limonene reached 96.7%. The hydrolyzate generated was fermented for succinic acid production using Actinobacillus succinogenes. Different batch experiments demonstrated that the combined use of corn steep liquor (CSL) and vitamins in a lab-scale bioreactor resulted in product concentration and yield that reached 18.5 g L-1 and 0.62 g g-1 respectively. Although simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) could not enhance succinic acid production, a fed-batch fermentation strategy increased succinic acid concentration and yield generating 22.4 g L-1 and 0.73 g g-1 respectively, while the mass of the platform chemical formed was enhanced by 27% as compared to the batch process. BR was explored as fertilizer substitute aiming to close the loop in the management of CPW towards development of a zero-waste process demonstrating that although the material imposed stress on plant growth, the content of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen in the mixture increased.A process for the valorization of citrus peel waste (CPW) has been developed aiming to produce succinic acid and a series of added-value products through the biorefinery platform. CPW was subject to physicochemical and biological treatment to isolate essential oils (0.43%) and pectin (30.53%) as extractable products, pretreating the material for subsequent production of succinic acid that enabled application of remaining biorefinery residues (BR) as fertilizer substitute. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents of CPW accounted for 22.45%, 8.05% and 0.66% respectively, while acid hydrolysis reduced hemicellulose by 3.42% in BR. Moreover, essential oils extracted from CPW included 17 compounds, among which D-limonene reached 96.7%. The hydrolyzate generated was fermented for succinic acid production using Actinobacillus succinogenes. Different batch experiments demonstrated that the combined use of corn steep liquor (CSL) and vitamins in a lab-scale bioreactor resulted in product concentration and yield that reached 18.5 g L-1 and 0.62 g g-1 respectively. Although simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) could not enhance succinic acid production, a fed-batch fermentation strategy increased succinic acid concentration and yield generating 22.4 g L-1 and 0.73 g g-1 respectively, while the mass of the platform chemical formed was enhanced by 27% as compared to the batch process. BR was explored as fertilizer substitute aiming to close the loop in the management of CPW towards development of a zero-waste process demonstrating that although the material imposed stress on plant growth, the content of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen in the mixture increased. A process for the valorization of citrus peel waste (CPW) has been developed aiming to produce succinic acid and a series of added-value products through the biorefinery platform. CPW was subject to physicochemical and biological treatment to isolate essential oils (0.43%) and pectin (30.53%) as extractable products, pretreating the material for subsequent production of succinic acid that enabled application of remaining biorefinery residues (BR) as fertilizer substitute. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents of CPW accounted for 22.45%, 8.05% and 0.66% respectively, while acid hydrolysis reduced hemicellulose by 3.42% in BR. Moreover, essential oils extracted from CPW included 17 compounds, among which D-limonene reached 96.7%. The hydrolyzate generated was fermented for succinic acid production using Actinobacillus succinogenes. Different batch experiments demonstrated that the combined use of corn steep liquor (CSL) and vitamins in a lab-scale bioreactor resulted in product concentration and yield that reached 18.5 g L⁻¹ and 0.62 g g⁻¹ respectively. Although simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) could not enhance succinic acid production, a fed-batch fermentation strategy increased succinic acid concentration and yield generating 22.4 g L⁻¹ and 0.73 g g⁻¹ respectively, while the mass of the platform chemical formed was enhanced by 27% as compared to the batch process. BR was explored as fertilizer substitute aiming to close the loop in the management of CPW towards development of a zero-waste process demonstrating that although the material imposed stress on plant growth, the content of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen in the mixture increased. [Display omitted] •A biorefinery process isolated essential oils (0.43%) and pectin (30.53%) from CPW.•D-limonene comprised 97% of essential oil’s composition among 17 compounds detected.•Combined use of CSL and vitamins in CPW hydrolyzates enhanced succinate production.•Fed-batch fermentation improved succinate production from CPW hydrolyzates by 27%•Biorefinery residues were used as fertilizer imposing stress on plant growth. A process for the valorization of citrus peel waste (CPW) has been developed aiming to produce succinic acid and a series of added-value products through the biorefinery platform. CPW was subject to physicochemical and biological treatment to isolate essential oils (0.43%) and pectin (30.53%) as extractable products, pretreating the material for subsequent production of succinic acid that enabled application of remaining biorefinery residues (BR) as fertilizer substitute. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents of CPW accounted for 22.45%, 8.05% and 0.66% respectively, while acid hydrolysis reduced hemicellulose by 3.42% in BR. Moreover, essential oils extracted from CPW included 17 compounds, among which D-limonene reached 96.7%. The hydrolyzate generated was fermented for succinic acid production using Actinobacillus succinogenes. Different batch experiments demonstrated that the combined use of corn steep liquor (CSL) and vitamins in a lab-scale bioreactor resulted in product concentration and yield that reached 18.5 g L−1 and 0.62 g g−1 respectively. Although simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) could not enhance succinic acid production, a fed-batch fermentation strategy increased succinic acid concentration and yield generating 22.4 g L−1 and 0.73 g g−1 respectively, while the mass of the platform chemical formed was enhanced by 27% as compared to the batch process. BR was explored as fertilizer substitute aiming to close the loop in the management of CPW towards development of a zero-waste process demonstrating that although the material imposed stress on plant growth, the content of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen in the mixture increased. |
| Author | Tzortzakis, Nikolaos Patsalou, Maria Chrysargyris, Antonios Koutinas, Michalis |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Maria surname: Patsalou fullname: Patsalou, Maria organization: Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Limassol, Cyprus – sequence: 2 givenname: Antonios surname: Chrysargyris fullname: Chrysargyris, Antonios organization: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Limassol, Cyprus – sequence: 3 givenname: Nikolaos surname: Tzortzakis fullname: Tzortzakis, Nikolaos organization: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Limassol, Cyprus – sequence: 4 givenname: Michalis orcidid: 0000-0002-5371-4280 surname: Koutinas fullname: Koutinas, Michalis email: michail.koutinas@cut.ac.cy organization: Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Limassol, Cyprus |
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| Keywords | BD ADF tsc ADL AFP CPW MDA sa BR FW NDF TPS CSL drm HPLC Fertilizer SR TSB A. succinogenes SSF AWHC GC-MS Succinic acid Citrus peel waste Biorefinery |
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•A biorefinery process isolated essential oils (0.43%) and pectin (30.53%) from CPW.•D-limonene comprised 97% of essential oil’s composition... A process for the valorization of citrus peel waste (CPW) has been developed aiming to produce succinic acid and a series of added-value products through the... |
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| SubjectTerms | A. succinogenes acid hydrolysis Actinobacillus succinogenes batch fermentation biological treatment bioreactors Biorefinery biorefining cellulose Citrus peel waste citrus peels corn steep liquor Fertilizer fertilizers hemicellulose hydrolysates lignin limonene nitrogen pectins phosphorus plant growth potassium saccharification Succinic acid wastes |
| Title | A biorefinery for conversion of citrus peel waste into essential oils, pectin, fertilizer and succinic acid via different fermentation strategies |
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