The role of phenolic substances in the adhesion between the pellicle and kernel of Japanese chestnut [Castanea crenata] under experimental conditions
The adhesion process between the pellicle and kernel under heat (62 degrees C) and hypobaric (4mm Hg) conditions was analyzed in the immature Japanese chestnut, which is easy to peel. The adhesion process under the experimental condition was similar to that occurring in nature. The peeling time of t...
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Published in | Engei Gakkai zasshi Vol. 67; no. 1; pp. 1 - 8 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
01.01.1998
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0013-7626 1880-358X |
DOI | 10.2503/jjshs.67.1 |
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Abstract | The adhesion process between the pellicle and kernel under heat (62 degrees C) and hypobaric (4mm Hg) conditions was analyzed in the immature Japanese chestnut, which is easy to peel. The adhesion process under the experimental condition was similar to that occurring in nature. The peeling time of the nuts heated for 10 hr was about 5 times longer than that of the nuts subjected to hypobaric treatments. Monophenolic substances in the water extracts from pellicle, composed mainly of (+)-catechin and gallic acid identified by GC and GC-MS, diffused to the outer ells of the kernel and the interface between the pellicle and kernel during the first 2 hr of both treatments. There the low molecular weight phenolic substances, including (+)-catechin, polymerized as noted by the shift of their peaks after 2-5 hr of heating. With continued heating, the content of phenolic substances in the alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) fraction of the pellicle increased rapidly and the pellicle tightly adhered to the kernel. Therefore, we postulate that the polyphenolic substances are the adhesive between pellicle and kernel. However, under hypobaric conditions, cell breakdown and migration of the phenolic substances in the tissues occurred during the initial 0-2 hr and ceased. Thus, little or no polyphenolic substances accumulated between the pellicle and kernel to cause their adhesion after 10 hr of treatment |
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AbstractList | The adhesion process between the pellicle and kernel under heat (62°C) and hypobaric (4 mm Hg) conditions was analyzed in the immature Japanese chestnut, which is easy to peel. The adhesion process under the experimental conditon was similar to that occurring in nature. The peeling time of the nuts heated for 10 hr was about 5 times longer than that of the nuts subjected to hypobaric treatments. Monophenolic substances in the water extracts from pellicle, composed mainly of (+)-catechin and gallic acid identified by GC and GC-MS, diffused to the outer cells of the kernel and the interface between the pellicle and kernel during the first 2 hr of both treatments. There the low molecular weight phenolic substances, including (+)-catechin, polymerized as noted by the shift of their peaks after 2-5 hr of heating. With continued heating, the content of phenolic substances in the alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) fraction of the pellicle increased rapidly and the pellicle tightly adhered to the kernel. Therefore, we postulate that the polyphenolic substances are the adhesive between pellicle and kernel. However, under hypobaric conditions, cell breakdown and migration of the phenolic substances in the tissues occurred during the initial 0-2 hr and ceased. Thus, little or no polyphenolic substances accumulated between the pellicle and kernel to cause their adhesion after 10 hr of treatment. The adhesion process between the pellicle and kernel under heat (62 degrees C) and hypobaric (4mm Hg) conditions was analyzed in the immature Japanese chestnut, which is easy to peel. The adhesion process under the experimental condition was similar to that occurring in nature. The peeling time of the nuts heated for 10 hr was about 5 times longer than that of the nuts subjected to hypobaric treatments. Monophenolic substances in the water extracts from pellicle, composed mainly of (+)-catechin and gallic acid identified by GC and GC-MS, diffused to the outer ells of the kernel and the interface between the pellicle and kernel during the first 2 hr of both treatments. There the low molecular weight phenolic substances, including (+)-catechin, polymerized as noted by the shift of their peaks after 2-5 hr of heating. With continued heating, the content of phenolic substances in the alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) fraction of the pellicle increased rapidly and the pellicle tightly adhered to the kernel. Therefore, we postulate that the polyphenolic substances are the adhesive between pellicle and kernel. However, under hypobaric conditions, cell breakdown and migration of the phenolic substances in the tissues occurred during the initial 0-2 hr and ceased. Thus, little or no polyphenolic substances accumulated between the pellicle and kernel to cause their adhesion after 10 hr of treatment |
Author | Kotobuki, K Tanaka, K. (National Inst. of Fruit Tree Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)) |
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References | Haslam, E. 1977. Vegetable tannins. p. 475-523. In: T. Swain, J. B. Harborne and C. F. Van Sumere (eds.). Biochemistry of plant phenolics. Plenum Pub. Co., New York. Lindgren, B. D. 1971. Chlorine dioxide and chlorite oxidations of phenols related to lignin. Svensk Papperstinds 74 : 57-63. Nakabayashi, T. 1967. Tannin. p. 64-221. In: Nakabayashi, T, S. Kimura and H. Kato. (eds.). Color and discoloration of food. Korin-shoin. Tokyo. (In Japanese). Hara, H., T. Matsuda, T. Tsukihashi and T. Matuda. 1995. Morphological studies on pellicle development and removal in chestnut. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 64: 485-497. (In Japanese with English summary) Alberts, B., D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts and J. D. Watson. 1989. Cell adhesion, cell junctions, and the extracellular matrix. p. 791-836. In: B. Alberts, D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts and J. D. Watoson (eds.). Molecular biology of the cell, Ed 2. Garland publishing Inc., New York. Ezaki-Furuichi, E., G. Nonaka, I. Nishioka and K. Hayashi. 1987. Affinity of procyanidins (condensed tannins) from the bark of Rhaphiolepis umbellata for proteins. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51: 115-120. Shen, Z., E. Haslam, C. P. Falshaw and M. J. Begley. 1986. Procyanidins and polyphenols of Larix gmelini bark. Phytochemistry 25 : 2629-2635. Haslam, E. 1974. Polyphenol-protein interactions. Biochem. J. 139: 285-288. Tanaka, K. and K. Kotobuki. 1992b. Analysis of histological and chemical factors related to the ease of pellicle removal in Japanese Chestnut. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 61: 1-6. (In Japanese with English summary) Tanaka, K. and K. Kotobuki. 1992a. Comparative ease of pellicle removal among Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) and Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima Blume) and their hybrids. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 60 : 811-819. Tanaka, K., K. Kotobuki and N. Kakiuchi. 1981. Numerization of peeling easiness and role of phenolic comparison of the pellicle in the adhesion between the pellicle and embryo in comarison of Japanese (Castanea crenata Seib. et Zucc.) and Chinese (Castanea mollissima Blume) chestnuts. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 50: 363-371. Ishikawa, T., M. Sumimoto and T. Kondo. 1969. Studies on pulp bleaching (IV) CIO2-oxidation of lignin preparations and model compounds. J. Jap. Tappi. 23: 117-124. (In Japanese with English summary) McManus, J. P., K. G. Davies, J. E. Bent, S. H. Godfrey, T. H. Lilley and E. Haslam. 1985. Polyphenol interactions. Part 1. Introduciton: some observations on the reversible complexation of polyphenols with proteins and polysaccarides. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II. 1429-1438. Macheix, J. J., A. Fleuriet and J. Billot. 1990. Importance and role of phenolic compounds in fruit. p. 239-293. In: Macheix, J. J., A. Fleuriet and J. Billot (eds.). Fruit phenolics. CRC Press Inc. Florida. Spencer, C. M., Y. Cai, R. Martin, S. H. Gaffney, P. N. Goulding, D. Magnolato, T. H. Lilley and E. Haslam. 1988. Polyphenol complexation. Some thoughts and observations. Phytochemistry 27 : 2397-2409. |
References_xml | – reference: Hara, H., T. Matsuda, T. Tsukihashi and T. Matuda. 1995. Morphological studies on pellicle development and removal in chestnut. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 64: 485-497. (In Japanese with English summary) – reference: Haslam, E. 1977. Vegetable tannins. p. 475-523. In: T. Swain, J. B. Harborne and C. F. Van Sumere (eds.). Biochemistry of plant phenolics. Plenum Pub. Co., New York. – reference: Ezaki-Furuichi, E., G. Nonaka, I. Nishioka and K. Hayashi. 1987. Affinity of procyanidins (condensed tannins) from the bark of Rhaphiolepis umbellata for proteins. Agric. Biol. Chem. 51: 115-120. – reference: Shen, Z., E. Haslam, C. P. Falshaw and M. J. Begley. 1986. Procyanidins and polyphenols of Larix gmelini bark. Phytochemistry 25 : 2629-2635. – reference: Spencer, C. M., Y. Cai, R. Martin, S. H. Gaffney, P. N. Goulding, D. Magnolato, T. H. Lilley and E. Haslam. 1988. Polyphenol complexation. Some thoughts and observations. Phytochemistry 27 : 2397-2409. – reference: Ishikawa, T., M. Sumimoto and T. Kondo. 1969. Studies on pulp bleaching (IV) CIO2-oxidation of lignin preparations and model compounds. J. Jap. Tappi. 23: 117-124. (In Japanese with English summary) – reference: McManus, J. P., K. G. Davies, J. E. Bent, S. H. Godfrey, T. H. Lilley and E. Haslam. 1985. Polyphenol interactions. Part 1. Introduciton: some observations on the reversible complexation of polyphenols with proteins and polysaccarides. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II. 1429-1438. – reference: Haslam, E. 1974. Polyphenol-protein interactions. Biochem. J. 139: 285-288. – reference: Tanaka, K., K. Kotobuki and N. Kakiuchi. 1981. Numerization of peeling easiness and role of phenolic comparison of the pellicle in the adhesion between the pellicle and embryo in comarison of Japanese (Castanea crenata Seib. et Zucc.) and Chinese (Castanea mollissima Blume) chestnuts. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 50: 363-371. – reference: Macheix, J. J., A. Fleuriet and J. Billot. 1990. Importance and role of phenolic compounds in fruit. p. 239-293. In: Macheix, J. J., A. Fleuriet and J. Billot (eds.). Fruit phenolics. CRC Press Inc. Florida. – reference: Lindgren, B. D. 1971. Chlorine dioxide and chlorite oxidations of phenols related to lignin. Svensk Papperstinds 74 : 57-63. – reference: Tanaka, K. and K. Kotobuki. 1992a. Comparative ease of pellicle removal among Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) and Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima Blume) and their hybrids. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 60 : 811-819. – reference: Tanaka, K. and K. Kotobuki. 1992b. Analysis of histological and chemical factors related to the ease of pellicle removal in Japanese Chestnut. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 61: 1-6. (In Japanese with English summary) – reference: Nakabayashi, T. 1967. Tannin. p. 64-221. In: Nakabayashi, T, S. Kimura and H. Kato. (eds.). Color and discoloration of food. Korin-shoin. Tokyo. (In Japanese). – reference: Alberts, B., D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts and J. D. Watson. 1989. Cell adhesion, cell junctions, and the extracellular matrix. p. 791-836. In: B. Alberts, D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts and J. D. Watoson (eds.). Molecular biology of the cell, Ed 2. Garland publishing Inc., New York. |
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Snippet | The adhesion process between the pellicle and kernel under heat (62 degrees C) and hypobaric (4mm Hg) conditions was analyzed in the immature Japanese... The adhesion process between the pellicle and kernel under heat (62°C) and hypobaric (4 mm Hg) conditions was analyzed in the immature Japanese chestnut, which... |
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Title | The role of phenolic substances in the adhesion between the pellicle and kernel of Japanese chestnut [Castanea crenata] under experimental conditions |
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