VLBI Imaging of M81 at λ = 3.4 mm with Source-frequency Phase-referencing
We report on the first VLBI image of the M81 nucleus (M81*) at a wavelength of 3.4 mm, obtained with the source-frequency phase-referencing (SFPR) technique. Thanks to the SFPR calibration, the coherent integration time eventually could be increased by more than an order of magnitude, which enabled...
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| Published in | Astrophysical journal. Letters Vol. 853; no. 1; p. L14 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Austin
The American Astronomical Society
20.01.2018
IOP Publishing |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2041-8205 2041-8213 2041-8213 |
| DOI | 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa755 |
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| Abstract | We report on the first VLBI image of the M81 nucleus (M81*) at a wavelength of 3.4 mm, obtained with the source-frequency phase-referencing (SFPR) technique. Thanks to the SFPR calibration, the coherent integration time eventually could be increased by more than an order of magnitude, which enabled the detection of fringes at the level of 45 mJy beam−1 with a dynamic range higher than 130:1. This paves the way toward future millimeter/submillimeter VLBI observations of weaker sources. From the analysis of the M81* visibilities, a core size of ∼50 as at 3.4 mm was estimated. This follows the power-law relationship with wavelength, , reported previously at lower frequencies. These results constrain the core size (at 3.4 mm) to a minimum of ∼80 Schwarzschild radii of M81*. |
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| AbstractList | We report on the first VLBI image of the M81 nucleus (M81∗) at a wavelength of 3.4 mm, obtained with the source-frequency phase-referencing (SFPR) technique. Thanks to the SFPR calibration, the coherent integration time eventually could be increased by more than an order of magnitude, which enabled the detection of fringes at the level of 45 mJy beam -1 with a dynamic range higher than 130:1. This paves the way toward future millimeter/submillimeter VLBI observations of weaker sources. From the analysis of the M81∗ visibilities, a core size of ∼50 μas at 3.4 mm was estimated. This follows the power-law relationship with wavelength, , reported previously at lower frequencies. These results constrain the core size (at 3.4 mm) to a minimum of ∼80 Schwarzschild radii of M81∗. We report on the first VLBI image of the M81 nucleus (M81*) at a wavelength of 3.4 mm, obtained with the source-frequency phase-referencing (SFPR) technique. Thanks to the SFPR calibration, the coherent integration time eventually could be increased by more than an order of magnitude, which enabled the detection of fringes at the level of 45 mJy beam−1 with a dynamic range higher than 130:1. This paves the way toward future millimeter/submillimeter VLBI observations of weaker sources. From the analysis of the M81* visibilities, a core size of ∼50 μas at 3.4 mm was estimated. This follows the power-law relationship with wavelength, \(\propto {\lambda }^{0.88}\), reported previously at lower frequencies. These results constrain the core size (at 3.4 mm) to a minimum of ∼80 Schwarzschild radii of M81*. We report on the first VLBI image of the M81 nucleus (M81*) at a wavelength of 3.4 mm, obtained with the source-frequency phase-referencing (SFPR) technique. Thanks to the SFPR calibration, the coherent integration time eventually could be increased by more than an order of magnitude, which enabled the detection of fringes at the level of 45 mJy beam−1 with a dynamic range higher than 130:1. This paves the way toward future millimeter/submillimeter VLBI observations of weaker sources. From the analysis of the M81* visibilities, a core size of ∼50 as at 3.4 mm was estimated. This follows the power-law relationship with wavelength, , reported previously at lower frequencies. These results constrain the core size (at 3.4 mm) to a minimum of ∼80 Schwarzschild radii of M81*. We report on the first VLBI image of the M81 nucleus (M81*) at a wavelength of 3.4 mm, obtained with the source-frequency phase-referencing (SFPR) technique. Thanks to the SFPR calibration, the coherent integration time eventually could be increased by more than an order of magnitude, which enabled the detection of fringes at the level of 45 mJy beam −1 with a dynamic range higher than 130:1. This paves the way toward future millimeter/submillimeter VLBI observations of weaker sources. From the analysis of the M81* visibilities, a core size of ∼50 μ as at 3.4 mm was estimated. This follows the power-law relationship with wavelength, , reported previously at lower frequencies. These results constrain the core size (at 3.4 mm) to a minimum of ∼80 Schwarzschild radii of M81*. |
| Author | Jiang, Dongrong Martí-Vidal, Ivan Jiang, Wu Shen, Zhiqiang Kawaguchi, Noriyuki |
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| References | Markoff (apjlaaa755bib14) 2008; 681 King (apjlaaa755bib11) 2016; 12 Middelberg (apjlaaa755bib17) 2005; 433 Brunthaler (apjlaaa755bib6) 2006; 451 Deller (apjlaaa755bib7) 2011; 123 Roija (apjlaaa755bib20) 2011; 141 Han (apjlaaa755bib9) 2013; 125 Lobanov (apjlaaa755bib13) 1998; 330 Shen (apjlaaa755bib22) 2005; 438 Martí-Vidal (apjlaaa755bib16) 2011; 533 O’Sullivan (apjlaaa755bib19) 2009; 400 Ros (apjlaaa755bib21) 2012; 537 Nagar (apjlaaa755bib18) 2002; 392 Kovalev (apjlaaa755bib12) 2008; 483 Alberdi (apjlaaa755bib1) 2013; 61 Devereux (apjlaaa755bib8) 2003; 125 Bartel (apjlaaa755bib2) 2007; 668 Bietenholz (apjlaaa755bib5) 2004; 615 Martí-Vidal (apjlaaa755bib15) 2008; 480 Bietenholz (apjlaaa755bib3) 1996; 457 Bietenholz (apjlaaa755bib4) 2000; 532 Jiang (apjlaaa755bib10) 1998; 494 |
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| Snippet | We report on the first VLBI image of the M81 nucleus (M81*) at a wavelength of 3.4 mm, obtained with the source-frequency phase-referencing (SFPR) technique.... We report on the first VLBI image of the M81 nucleus (M81∗) at a wavelength of 3.4 mm, obtained with the source-frequency phase-referencing (SFPR) technique.... |
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| SubjectTerms | galaxies: individual (M81) methods: data analysis Power law techniques: interferometric |
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| Title | VLBI Imaging of M81 at λ = 3.4 mm with Source-frequency Phase-referencing |
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