Discovery of SiC and Iron Dust around AGB Stars in the Very Metal-poor Sextans a Dwarf Galaxy with JWST: Implications for Dust Production at High Redshift

Low-resolution infrared spectroscopy from JWST confirms the presence of SiC and likely metallic iron dust around asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the Sextans A dwarf galaxy, which has a metallicity ∼1%–7% Z ⊙ . While metal-poor carbon-rich AGB stars are known to produce copious amounts of amor...

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Published inThe Astrophysical journal Vol. 991; no. 1; pp. 24 - 35
Main Authors Boyer, M. L., Sloan, G. C., Nanni, A., Tarantino, E., McDonald, I., Goldman, S., Blommaert, J. A. D. L., Dell’Agli, F., Di Criscienzo, M., García-Hernández, D. A., Gehrz, Robert D., Groenewegen, M. A. T., Javadi, A., Jones, O. C., Kemper, F., Marengo, M., McQuinn, Kristen B. W., Oliveira, Joana M., Pastorelli, Giada, Roman-Duval, Julia, Sahai, R., Skillman, Evan D., Srinivasan, S., van Loon, J. Th, Weisz, Daniel R., Whitelock, Patricia A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Philadelphia The American Astronomical Society 20.09.2025
IOP Publishing
Subjects
Asymptotic giant branch stars
Carbon
Carbon stars
Circumstellar dust
Cosmic dust
Dust
Dwarf galaxies
Galaxies
Infrared astronomy
Infrared spectroscopy
Iron
James Webb Space Telescope
M stars
Metallicity
Red shift
Stars
Stars & galaxies
Stellar evolution
Stellar mass
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0004-637X
1538-4357
1538-4357
DOI10.3847/1538-4357/adf06a

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Abstract Low-resolution infrared spectroscopy from JWST confirms the presence of SiC and likely metallic iron dust around asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the Sextans A dwarf galaxy, which has a metallicity ∼1%–7% Z ⊙ . While metal-poor carbon-rich AGB stars are known to produce copious amounts of amorphous carbon dust owing to the dredge up of newly synthesized carbon, this is the first time that Si- and Fe-bearing dust has been detected at this extreme metallicity. Of the six AGB stars observed, one is an intermediate-mass (∼1.2–4 M ⊙ ) carbon star showing SiC dust, and another is an oxygen-rich M-type star with mass ∼4–5 M ⊙ that is likely undergoing hot bottom burning. The infrared excess of the M-type star is strong, but featureless. We tested multiple dust species, and found that it is best fit with metallic iron dust. Assuming its dust-production rate stays constant over the final 2–3 × 10 4 yr of its evolution, this star will produce ∼0.9–3.7 times the iron dust mass predicted by models, with the range depending on the adopted stellar mass. The implications for dust production in high-redshift galaxies are potentially significant, especially regarding the assumed dust species used in dust evolution models and the timescale of AGB dust formation. Stars on the upper end of the AGB mass range can begin producing dust as early as 30–50 Myr after they form, and they may therefore rival dust production by supernovae at high redshift.
AbstractList Low-resolution infrared spectroscopy from JWST confirms the presence of SiC and likely metallic iron dust around asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the Sextans A dwarf galaxy, which has a metallicity ∼1%–7% Z _⊙ . While metal-poor carbon-rich AGB stars are known to produce copious amounts of amorphous carbon dust owing to the dredge up of newly synthesized carbon, this is the first time that Si- and Fe-bearing dust has been detected at this extreme metallicity. Of the six AGB stars observed, one is an intermediate-mass (∼1.2–4 M _⊙ ) carbon star showing SiC dust, and another is an oxygen-rich M-type star with mass ∼4–5 M _⊙ that is likely undergoing hot bottom burning. The infrared excess of the M-type star is strong, but featureless. We tested multiple dust species, and found that it is best fit with metallic iron dust. Assuming its dust-production rate stays constant over the final 2–3 × 10 ^4 yr of its evolution, this star will produce ∼0.9–3.7 times the iron dust mass predicted by models, with the range depending on the adopted stellar mass. The implications for dust production in high-redshift galaxies are potentially significant, especially regarding the assumed dust species used in dust evolution models and the timescale of AGB dust formation. Stars on the upper end of the AGB mass range can begin producing dust as early as 30–50 Myr after they form, and they may therefore rival dust production by supernovae at high redshift.
Low-resolution infrared spectroscopy from JWST confirms the presence of SiC and likely metallic iron dust around asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the Sextans A dwarf galaxy, which has a metallicity ∼1%–7% Z⊙. While metal-poor carbon-rich AGB stars are known to produce copious amounts of amorphous carbon dust owing to the dredge up of newly synthesized carbon, this is the first time that Si- and Fe-bearing dust has been detected at this extreme metallicity. Of the six AGB stars observed, one is an intermediate-mass (∼1.2–4 M⊙) carbon star showing SiC dust, and another is an oxygen-rich M-type star with mass ∼4–5 M⊙ that is likely undergoing hot bottom burning. The infrared excess of the M-type star is strong, but featureless. We tested multiple dust species, and found that it is best fit with metallic iron dust. Assuming its dust-production rate stays constant over the final 2–3 × 104 yr of its evolution, this star will produce ∼0.9–3.7 times the iron dust mass predicted by models, with the range depending on the adopted stellar mass. The implications for dust production in high-redshift galaxies are potentially significant, especially regarding the assumed dust species used in dust evolution models and the timescale of AGB dust formation. Stars on the upper end of the AGB mass range can begin producing dust as early as 30–50 Myr after they form, and they may therefore rival dust production by supernovae at high redshift.
Author Goldman, S.
Pastorelli, Giada
Boyer, M. L.
Marengo, M.
Roman-Duval, Julia
McQuinn, Kristen B. W.
Tarantino, E.
Oliveira, Joana M.
Nanni, A.
Groenewegen, M. A. T.
Sahai, R.
Gehrz, Robert D.
García-Hernández, D. A.
Blommaert, J. A. D. L.
Dell’Agli, F.
McDonald, I.
Sloan, G. C.
Srinivasan, S.
Whitelock, Patricia A.
van Loon, J. Th
Weisz, Daniel R.
Kemper, F.
Jones, O. C.
Di Criscienzo, M.
Javadi, A.
Skillman, Evan D.
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Snippet Low-resolution infrared spectroscopy from JWST confirms the presence of SiC and likely metallic iron dust around asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the...
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SubjectTerms Asymptotic giant branch stars
Carbon
Carbon stars
Circumstellar dust
Cosmic dust
Dust
Dwarf galaxies
Galaxies
Infrared astronomy
Infrared spectroscopy
Iron
James Webb Space Telescope
M stars
Metallicity
Red shift
Stars
Stars & galaxies
Stellar evolution
Stellar mass
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Title Discovery of SiC and Iron Dust around AGB Stars in the Very Metal-poor Sextans a Dwarf Galaxy with JWST: Implications for Dust Production at High Redshift
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