A General Control Algorithm for Cooling Towers in Cooling Plants with Electric and/or Gas-Driven Chillers
A hybrid chiller plant employs a combination of chillers that are "powered" by electricity and natural gas. This paper presents an algorithm for determining cooling tower fan settings in hybrid plants in response to loadings on individual chillers. Parameters of the algorithm are evaluated...
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| Published in | HVAC&R research Vol. 13; no. 4; pp. 581 - 598 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Atlanta
Taylor & Francis Group
01.07.2007
Taylor & Francis Ltd |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1078-9669 2374-4731 1938-5587 2374-474X |
| DOI | 10.1080/10789669.2007.10390973 |
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| Abstract | A hybrid chiller plant employs a combination of chillers that are "powered" by electricity and natural gas. This paper presents an algorithm for determining cooling tower fan settings in hybrid plants in response to loadings on individual chillers. Parameters of the algorithm are evaluated using design information for the chillers and cooling tower fans. In addition to reducing operating costs, use of the open-loop control strategy simplifies the control and improves the stability of the tower control compared with the use of a constant condenser water supply or approach to wet-bulb. Simulated plant cooling costs associated with the algorithm were compared with costs for optimized settings and were within 1% of the minimum costs. The control method is general, in the sense that it also applies to cooling plants that have all electric or all natural gas chillers. |
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| AbstractList | A hybrid chiller plant employs a combination of chillers that are "powered" by electricity and natural gas. This paper presents an algorithm for determining cooling tower fan settings in hybrid plants in response to loadings on individual chillers. Parameters of the algorithm are evaluated using design information for the chillers and cooling tower fans. In addition to reducing operating costs, use of the open-loop control strategy simplifies the control and improves the stability of the tower control compared with the use of a constant condenser water supply or approach to wet-bulb. Simulated plant cooling costs associated with the algorithm were compared with costs for optimized settings and were within 1% of the minimum costs. The control method is general, in the sense that it also applies to cooling plants that have all electric or all natural gas chillers. |
| Author | Braun, James E. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1080/10789669.1995.10391328 |
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| Copyright | Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 2007 Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc. Jul 2007 |
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| References | Braun J. E. (e_1_2_1_7_1) 1990; 96 Braun J. E. (e_1_2_1_6_1) 1989; 95 Lau A. S. (e_1_2_1_12_1) 1985; 91 Braun J. E. (e_1_2_1_5_1) 1989; 95 Braun J. E. (e_1_2_1_3_1) 1988 Sud I. (e_1_2_1_13_1) 1984; 90 e_1_2_1_11_1 Klein S. A. (e_1_2_1_10_1) 1988; 94 ASHRAE (e_1_2_1_2_1) 2003 Braun J. E. (e_1_2_1_4_1) 1989; 95 Hackner R. J. (e_1_2_1_9_1) 1985; 91 Braun J. E. (e_1_2_1_8_1) 2006 |
| References_xml | – volume-title: Optimized operation of chiller equipment in hybrid machinery rooms and associated operating and control strategies, ASHRAE RP-1200 final report year: 2006 ident: e_1_2_1_8_1 – volume: 91 start-page: 781 issue: 1 year: 1985 ident: e_1_2_1_9_1 article-title: HVAC system dynamics and energy use in buildings—Part II (RP-321) publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions – volume: 95 start-page: 663 issue: 1 year: 1989 ident: e_1_2_1_4_1 article-title: Applications of optimal control to chilled-water systems without storage publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions – volume: 90 start-page: 247 issue: 2 year: 1984 ident: e_1_2_1_13_1 article-title: Control strategies for minimum energy usage (RP-253) publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions – volume-title: Methodologies for the design and control of central cooling plants. year: 1988 ident: e_1_2_1_3_1 – start-page: 41.1 volume-title: “Supervisory Control Strategies and Optimization,” year: 2003 ident: e_1_2_1_2_1 – volume: 96 start-page: 806 issue: 2 year: 1990 ident: e_1_2_1_7_1 article-title: Near-optimal control of cooling towers for chilled-water systems publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions – volume: 95 start-page: 652 issue: 1 year: 1989 ident: e_1_2_1_5_1 article-title: Methodologies for optimal control of chilled-water systems without storage publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions – volume: 94 start-page: 627 issue: 1 year: 1988 ident: e_1_2_1_10_1 article-title: Investigation of control alternatives for a steam turbine driven chiller publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions – volume: 91 start-page: 766 issue: 1 year: 1985 ident: e_1_2_1_12_1 article-title: Development of computer control—Routines for a large chilled-water plant publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions – volume: 95 start-page: 164 issue: 2 year: 1989 ident: e_1_2_1_6_1 article-title: Effectiveness models for cooling towers and cooling coils publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions – ident: e_1_2_1_11_1 doi: 10.1080/10789669.1995.10391328 |
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| Title | A General Control Algorithm for Cooling Towers in Cooling Plants with Electric and/or Gas-Driven Chillers |
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