Regimes of flow through cylinder arrays subject to steady pressure gradients

•Perform a thorough parametric study of the various pore-scale and macroscale flow regimes that occur in period cylinder arrays.•Solve the pore-scale Navier–Stokes equations using finite volume methods with immersed boundaries.•Vary porosity, Reynolds number, and cylinder arrangement, covering pore-...

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Published in	International journal of heat and mass transfer Vol. 159; p. 120072
Main Authors	Khalifa, Zahra, Pocher, Liam, Tilton, Nils
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2020 Elsevier BV
Subjects	Arrays Chemical reactors Circular cylinders Computational fluid dynamics Continuity equation Cylinder arrays Fluid flow Fluid mechanics Heat exchangers Mathematical analysis Mathematical models Non-Darcy flow Pore-scale simulations Porosity Porous media Pressure gradients Reynolds number Steady flow Stokes flow Unit cell Vortex shedding Vortices Cylinder arrays Pore-scale simulations Non-Darcy flow
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ISSN	0017-9310 1879-2189
DOI	10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120072

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Abstract	•Perform a thorough parametric study of the various pore-scale and macroscale flow regimes that occur in period cylinder arrays.•Solve the pore-scale Navier–Stokes equations using finite volume methods with immersed boundaries.•Vary porosity, Reynolds number, and cylinder arrangement, covering pore-scale Stokes flow to pore-scale vortex shedding.•Show how competing viscous, and inertial effects give rise to up to five macroscale flow regimes.•We find the practice of fitting Forchheimer-type equations to data from a wide range of Reynolds numbers produces conflicting results in the literature. Flows through periodic cylinder arrays have been studied extensively for applications to heat exchangers, porous media, chemical reactors, and computational fluid mechanics. Nevertheless, the variation of the pore and macro-scale flow-regimes with porosity, driving pressure gradient, and cylinder arrangement remains not fully explored. We consequently perform a thorough parametric study of such regimes for both inline and staggered arrays of circular cylinders. The Navier–Stokes and continuity equations are solved using finite-volume and immersed boundary methods. We vary the porosity from minimum values for which cylinders nearly touch, to values approaching unity. We vary the Reynolds number from values producing Stokes flow to those producing pore-scale vortex shedding. Using the results of over 1000 simulations, we explore how competition between viscous and inertial effects produces five macroscopic flow regimes. We document the validity limits of each regime, and explore how they impact the modelling of non-Darcy flow regimes. We find the practice of fitting Forchheimer-type equations to data from a wide range of Reynolds numbers produces conflicting results in the literature. For inline arrays, the Forchheimer regime is not always present, and has a smaller validity regime than alternative models. For staggered arrays, the Forchheimer regime has a strong presence, but care must be taken to account for the presence of two different Forchheimer-type regimes. We also show that transition to vortex shedding is sensitive to the numerical domain size, because the mode of instability need not be periodic over the same unit cell as the steady flow. This significantly complicates the study of vortex shedding.
AbstractList	Flows through periodic cylinder arrays have been studied extensively for applications to heat exchangers, porous media, chemical reactors, and computational fluid mechanics. Nevertheless, the variation of the pore and macro-scale flow-regimes with porosity, driving pressure gradient, and cylinder arrangement remains not fully explored. We consequently perform a thorough parametric study of such regimes for both inline and staggered arrays of circular cylinders. The Navier–Stokes and continuity equations are solved using finite-volume and immersed boundary methods. We vary the porosity from minimum values for which cylinders nearly touch, to values approaching unity. We vary the Reynolds number from values producing Stokes flow to those producing pore-scale vortex shedding. Using the results of over 1000 simulations, we explore how competition between viscous and inertial effects produces five macroscopic flow regimes. We document the validity limits of each regime, and explore how they impact the modelling of non-Darcy flow regimes. We find the practice of fitting Forchheimer-type equations to data from a wide range of Reynolds numbers produces conflicting results in the literature. For inline arrays, the Forchheimer regime is not always present, and has a smaller validity regime than alternative models. For staggered arrays, the Forchheimer regime has a strong presence, but care must be taken to account for the presence of two different Forchheimer-type regimes. We also show that transition to vortex shedding is sensitive to the numerical domain size, because the mode of instability need not be periodic over the same unit cell as the steady flow. This significantly complicates the study of vortex shedding. •Perform a thorough parametric study of the various pore-scale and macroscale flow regimes that occur in period cylinder arrays.•Solve the pore-scale Navier–Stokes equations using finite volume methods with immersed boundaries.•Vary porosity, Reynolds number, and cylinder arrangement, covering pore-scale Stokes flow to pore-scale vortex shedding.•Show how competing viscous, and inertial effects give rise to up to five macroscale flow regimes.•We find the practice of fitting Forchheimer-type equations to data from a wide range of Reynolds numbers produces conflicting results in the literature. Flows through periodic cylinder arrays have been studied extensively for applications to heat exchangers, porous media, chemical reactors, and computational fluid mechanics. Nevertheless, the variation of the pore and macro-scale flow-regimes with porosity, driving pressure gradient, and cylinder arrangement remains not fully explored. We consequently perform a thorough parametric study of such regimes for both inline and staggered arrays of circular cylinders. The Navier–Stokes and continuity equations are solved using finite-volume and immersed boundary methods. We vary the porosity from minimum values for which cylinders nearly touch, to values approaching unity. We vary the Reynolds number from values producing Stokes flow to those producing pore-scale vortex shedding. Using the results of over 1000 simulations, we explore how competition between viscous and inertial effects produces five macroscopic flow regimes. We document the validity limits of each regime, and explore how they impact the modelling of non-Darcy flow regimes. We find the practice of fitting Forchheimer-type equations to data from a wide range of Reynolds numbers produces conflicting results in the literature. For inline arrays, the Forchheimer regime is not always present, and has a smaller validity regime than alternative models. For staggered arrays, the Forchheimer regime has a strong presence, but care must be taken to account for the presence of two different Forchheimer-type regimes. We also show that transition to vortex shedding is sensitive to the numerical domain size, because the mode of instability need not be periodic over the same unit cell as the steady flow. This significantly complicates the study of vortex shedding.
ArticleNumber	120072
Author	Tilton, Nils Khalifa, Zahra Pocher, Liam
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Zahra surname: Khalifa fullname: Khalifa, Zahra – sequence: 2 givenname: Liam orcidid: 0000-0001-6671-5322 surname: Pocher fullname: Pocher, Liam – sequence: 3 givenname: Nils surname: Tilton fullname: Tilton, Nils email: ntilton@mines.edu
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CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_3390_pr12102151 crossref_primary_10_1017_jfm_2024_978 crossref_primary_10_1080_10407782_2023_2200044 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevFluids_10_024303 crossref_primary_10_21595_jmeacs_2021_21885 crossref_primary_10_1134_S207004822470073X crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0222094 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11242_021_01594_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enganabound_2024_105925 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2023_11_098 crossref_primary_10_1002_pamm_202400136 crossref_primary_10_20948_mm_2024_05_08 crossref_primary_10_1002_zamm_202400685 crossref_primary_10_1039_D2SM01261H crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijmecsci_2021_106396
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Snippet	•Perform a thorough parametric study of the various pore-scale and macroscale flow regimes that occur in period cylinder arrays.•Solve the pore-scale... Flows through periodic cylinder arrays have been studied extensively for applications to heat exchangers, porous media, chemical reactors, and computational...
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SubjectTerms	Arrays Chemical reactors Circular cylinders Computational fluid dynamics Continuity equation Cylinder arrays Fluid flow Fluid mechanics Heat exchangers Mathematical analysis Mathematical models Non-Darcy flow Pore-scale simulations Porosity Porous media Pressure gradients Reynolds number Steady flow Stokes flow Unit cell Vortex shedding Vortices
Title	Regimes of flow through cylinder arrays subject to steady pressure gradients
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