A Bilevel Energy Management Strategy for HEVs Under Probabilistic Traffic Conditions - Le Rhun, Arthur; Bonnans, Frederic; De Nunzio, Giovanni; Leroy, Thomas; Martinon, Pierre (IEEE transactions on control systems technology, 2022)
Keywords: Acceleration; Algorithms; Batteries; Bilevel optimization; Computing costs; Driving conditions; Electric motors; Electric power; Energy management; Engineering Sciences; Engines; Hybrid electric vehicles; hybrid electric vehicles (EVs); Mechanics; Optimization; State of charge; Statistical analysis; stochastic dynamic programming (SDP); Stochastic processes; Torque; Traffic; traffic data clustering; Traffic information; Traffic management; Traffic speed; Torque; Stochastic processes; bi-level optimization; traffic data clustering; Batteries; Hybrid electric vehicles; Energy management; Engines; Optimization; stochastic dynamic programming; Electric motors