Robots as Malevolent Moral Agents: Harmful Behavior Results in Dehumanization, Not Anthropomorphism
A robot's decision to harm a person is sometimes considered to be the ultimate proof of it gaining a human‐like mind. Here, we contrasted predictions about attribution of mental capacities from moral typecasting theory, with the denial of agency from dehumanization literature. Experiments 1 and...
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| Published in | Cognitive science Vol. 44; no. 7; pp. e12872 - n/a |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Hoboken
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.07.2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0364-0213 1551-6709 1551-6709 |
| DOI | 10.1111/cogs.12872 |
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| Abstract | A robot's decision to harm a person is sometimes considered to be the ultimate proof of it gaining a human‐like mind. Here, we contrasted predictions about attribution of mental capacities from moral typecasting theory, with the denial of agency from dehumanization literature. Experiments 1 and 2 investigated mind perception for intentionally and accidentally harmful robotic agents based on text and image vignettes. Experiment 3 disambiguated agent intention (malevolent and benevolent), and additionally varied the type of agent (robotic and human) using short computer‐generated animations. Harmful robotic agents were consistently imbued with mental states to a lower degree than benevolent agents, supporting the dehumanization account. Further results revealed that a human moral patient appeared to suffer less when depicted with a robotic agent than with another human. The findings suggest that future robots may become subject to human‐like dehumanization mechanisms, which challenges the established beliefs about anthropomorphism in the domain of moral interactions. |
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| AbstractList | A robot's decision to harm a person is sometimes considered to be the ultimate proof of it gaining a human‐like mind. Here, we contrasted predictions about attribution of mental capacities from moral typecasting theory, with the denial of agency from dehumanization literature. Experiments 1 and 2 investigated mind perception for intentionally and accidentally harmful robotic agents based on text and image vignettes. Experiment 3 disambiguated agent intention (malevolent and benevolent), and additionally varied the type of agent (robotic and human) using short computer‐generated animations. Harmful robotic agents were consistently imbued with mental states to a lower degree than benevolent agents, supporting the dehumanization account. Further results revealed that a human moral patient appeared to suffer less when depicted with a robotic agent than with another human. The findings suggest that future robots may become subject to human‐like dehumanization mechanisms, which challenges the established beliefs about anthropomorphism in the domain of moral interactions. A robot's decision to harm a person is sometimes considered to be the ultimate proof of it gaining a human-like mind. Here, we contrasted predictions about attribution of mental capacities from moral typecasting theory, with the denial of agency from dehumanization literature. Experiments 1 and 2 investigated mind perception for intentionally and accidentally harmful robotic agents based on text and image vignettes. Experiment 3 disambiguated agent intention (malevolent and benevolent), and additionally varied the type of agent (robotic and human) using short computer-generated animations. Harmful robotic agents were consistently imbued with mental states to a lower degree than benevolent agents, supporting the dehumanization account. Further results revealed that a human moral patient appeared to suffer less when depicted with a robotic agent than with another human. The findings suggest that future robots may become subject to human-like dehumanization mechanisms, which challenges the established beliefs about anthropomorphism in the domain of moral interactions.A robot's decision to harm a person is sometimes considered to be the ultimate proof of it gaining a human-like mind. Here, we contrasted predictions about attribution of mental capacities from moral typecasting theory, with the denial of agency from dehumanization literature. Experiments 1 and 2 investigated mind perception for intentionally and accidentally harmful robotic agents based on text and image vignettes. Experiment 3 disambiguated agent intention (malevolent and benevolent), and additionally varied the type of agent (robotic and human) using short computer-generated animations. Harmful robotic agents were consistently imbued with mental states to a lower degree than benevolent agents, supporting the dehumanization account. Further results revealed that a human moral patient appeared to suffer less when depicted with a robotic agent than with another human. The findings suggest that future robots may become subject to human-like dehumanization mechanisms, which challenges the established beliefs about anthropomorphism in the domain of moral interactions. |
| Author | Swiderska, Aleksandra Küster, Dennis |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Aleksandra orcidid: 0000-0001-7252-4581 surname: Swiderska fullname: Swiderska, Aleksandra email: aleksandra.swiderska@psych.uw.edu.pl organization: University of Warsaw – sequence: 2 givenname: Dennis orcidid: 0000-0001-8992-5648 surname: Küster fullname: Küster, Dennis organization: University of Bremen |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.864 10.1017/CBO9780511978036.013 10.1016/j.cognition.2012.06.007 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00450 10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_4 10.1371/journal.pone.0180952 10.3758/BF03193146 10.1177/0956797612472343 10.1177/0963721409359302 10.1016/j.tics.2010.05.006 10.1037/a0013748 10.1098/rstb.2006.2004 10.1177/0956797618760784 10.1007/978-3-319-73356-2_2 10.1109/MRA.2012.2192811 10.1177/0301006618809919 10.1080/1047840X.2012.651387 10.1177/0361684313485718 10.1371/journal.pone.0061842 10.1126/science.1134475 10.1016/j.cognition.2015.09.009 10.1007/s10919-018-0286-3 10.1109/MIS.2009.69 10.1023/A:1022356431375 10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113 |
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| Snippet | A robot's decision to harm a person is sometimes considered to be the ultimate proof of it gaining a human‐like mind. Here, we contrasted predictions about... A robot's decision to harm a person is sometimes considered to be the ultimate proof of it gaining a human-like mind. Here, we contrasted predictions about... |
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| SubjectTerms | Agency Anthropomorphism Cognitive ability Dehumanization Harmfulness Humanization Moral Issues Moral typecasting Robotics Robots |
| Title | Robots as Malevolent Moral Agents: Harmful Behavior Results in Dehumanization, Not Anthropomorphism |
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