Effects of Glutamine on Gastric Emptying of Low- and High-Nutrient Drinks in Healthy Young Subjects—Impact on Glycaemia
Glutamine is a potent stimulus for the release of glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases postprandial insulin and slows gastric emptying (GE). We determined the effects of glutamine on GE of, and glycaemic responses to, low- and high-nutrient drinks in eight healthy males (mean age 21.6 ± 0.7 year...
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| Published in | Nutrients Vol. 10; no. 6; p. 739 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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07.06.2018
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| ISSN | 2072-6643 2072-6643 |
| DOI | 10.3390/nu10060739 |
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| Abstract | Glutamine is a potent stimulus for the release of glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases postprandial insulin and slows gastric emptying (GE). We determined the effects of glutamine on GE of, and glycaemic responses to, low- and high-nutrient drinks in eight healthy males (mean age 21.6 ± 0.7 years and BMI 22.9 ± 0.7 kg/m2). Participants were studied on four occasions on which they consumed either a low-nutrient (beef soup; 18 kcal) or high-nutrient (75 g dextrose; 255 kcal) drink, each with or without 30 g of glutamine (120 kcal), in a randomised, crossover design. GE (2D ultrasound), blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured concurrently. Glutamine slowed GE (half emptying time (T50)) of both low- (45 ± 3 min vs. 26 ± 2 min, p < 0.001), and high-nutrient, (100 ± 5 min vs. 77 ± 5 min, p = 0.03) drinks, however, there was no effect on GE of the high nutrient drinks when expressed as kcal/min (3.39 ± 0.21 kcal/min vs. 3.81 ± 0.20 kcal/min, p = 0.25). There was no change in blood glucose after the low-nutrient drinks with or without glutamine, despite a slight increase in plasma insulin with glutamine (p = 0.007). The rise in blood glucose following the high-nutrient drink (p = 0.0001) was attenuated during the first 60 min by glutamine (p = 0.007). We conclude that in healthy subjects, glutamine slows GE of both low- and high-nutrient drinks comparably and attenuates the rise in blood glucose after the high-nutrient glucose drink. |
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| AbstractList | Glutamine is a potent stimulus for the release of glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases postprandial insulin and slows gastric emptying (GE). We determined the effects of glutamine on GE of, and glycaemic responses to, low- and high-nutrient drinks in eight healthy males (mean age 21.6 ± 0.7 years and BMI 22.9 ± 0.7 kg/m2). Participants were studied on four occasions on which they consumed either a low-nutrient (beef soup; 18 kcal) or high-nutrient (75 g dextrose; 255 kcal) drink, each with or without 30 g of glutamine (120 kcal), in a randomised, crossover design. GE (2D ultrasound), blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured concurrently. Glutamine slowed GE (half emptying time (T50)) of both low- (45 ± 3 min vs. 26 ± 2 min, p < 0.001), and high-nutrient, (100 ± 5 min vs. 77 ± 5 min, p = 0.03) drinks, however, there was no effect on GE of the high nutrient drinks when expressed as kcal/min (3.39 ± 0.21 kcal/min vs. 3.81 ± 0.20 kcal/min, p = 0.25). There was no change in blood glucose after the low-nutrient drinks with or without glutamine, despite a slight increase in plasma insulin with glutamine (p = 0.007). The rise in blood glucose following the high-nutrient drink (p = 0.0001) was attenuated during the first 60 min by glutamine (p = 0.007). We conclude that in healthy subjects, glutamine slows GE of both low- and high-nutrient drinks comparably and attenuates the rise in blood glucose after the high-nutrient glucose drink. Glutamine is a potent stimulus for the release of glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases postprandial insulin and slows gastric emptying (GE). We determined the effects of glutamine on GE of, and glycaemic responses to, low- and high-nutrient drinks in eight healthy males (mean age 21.6 ± 0.7 years and BMI 22.9 ± 0.7 kg/m 2 ). Participants were studied on four occasions on which they consumed either a low-nutrient (beef soup; 18 kcal) or high-nutrient (75 g dextrose; 255 kcal) drink, each with or without 30 g of glutamine (120 kcal), in a randomised, crossover design. GE (2D ultrasound), blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured concurrently. Glutamine slowed GE (half emptying time (T50)) of both low- (45 ± 3 min vs. 26 ± 2 min, p < 0.001), and high-nutrient, (100 ± 5 min vs. 77 ± 5 min, p = 0.03) drinks, however, there was no effect on GE of the high nutrient drinks when expressed as kcal/min (3.39 ± 0.21 kcal/min vs. 3.81 ± 0.20 kcal/min, p = 0.25). There was no change in blood glucose after the low-nutrient drinks with or without glutamine, despite a slight increase in plasma insulin with glutamine ( p = 0.007). The rise in blood glucose following the high-nutrient drink ( p = 0.0001) was attenuated during the first 60 min by glutamine ( p = 0.007). We conclude that in healthy subjects, glutamine slows GE of both low- and high-nutrient drinks comparably and attenuates the rise in blood glucose after the high-nutrient glucose drink. Glutamine is a potent stimulus for the release of glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases postprandial insulin and slows gastric emptying (GE). We determined the effects of glutamine on GE of, and glycaemic responses to, low- and high-nutrient drinks in eight healthy males (mean age 21.6 ± 0.7 years and BMI 22.9 ± 0.7 kg/m²). Participants were studied on four occasions on which they consumed either a low-nutrient (beef soup; 18 kcal) or high-nutrient (75 g dextrose; 255 kcal) drink, each with or without 30 g of glutamine (120 kcal), in a randomised, crossover design. GE (2D ultrasound), blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured concurrently. Glutamine slowed GE (half emptying time (T50)) of both low- (45 ± 3 min vs. 26 ± 2 min, p < 0.001), and high-nutrient, (100 ± 5 min vs. 77 ± 5 min, p = 0.03) drinks, however, there was no effect on GE of the high nutrient drinks when expressed as kcal/min (3.39 ± 0.21 kcal/min vs. 3.81 ± 0.20 kcal/min, p = 0.25). There was no change in blood glucose after the low-nutrient drinks with or without glutamine, despite a slight increase in plasma insulin with glutamine (p = 0.007). The rise in blood glucose following the high-nutrient drink (p = 0.0001) was attenuated during the first 60 min by glutamine (p = 0.007). We conclude that in healthy subjects, glutamine slows GE of both low- and high-nutrient drinks comparably and attenuates the rise in blood glucose after the high-nutrient glucose drink.Glutamine is a potent stimulus for the release of glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases postprandial insulin and slows gastric emptying (GE). We determined the effects of glutamine on GE of, and glycaemic responses to, low- and high-nutrient drinks in eight healthy males (mean age 21.6 ± 0.7 years and BMI 22.9 ± 0.7 kg/m²). Participants were studied on four occasions on which they consumed either a low-nutrient (beef soup; 18 kcal) or high-nutrient (75 g dextrose; 255 kcal) drink, each with or without 30 g of glutamine (120 kcal), in a randomised, crossover design. GE (2D ultrasound), blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured concurrently. Glutamine slowed GE (half emptying time (T50)) of both low- (45 ± 3 min vs. 26 ± 2 min, p < 0.001), and high-nutrient, (100 ± 5 min vs. 77 ± 5 min, p = 0.03) drinks, however, there was no effect on GE of the high nutrient drinks when expressed as kcal/min (3.39 ± 0.21 kcal/min vs. 3.81 ± 0.20 kcal/min, p = 0.25). There was no change in blood glucose after the low-nutrient drinks with or without glutamine, despite a slight increase in plasma insulin with glutamine (p = 0.007). The rise in blood glucose following the high-nutrient drink (p = 0.0001) was attenuated during the first 60 min by glutamine (p = 0.007). We conclude that in healthy subjects, glutamine slows GE of both low- and high-nutrient drinks comparably and attenuates the rise in blood glucose after the high-nutrient glucose drink. Glutamine is a potent stimulus for the release of glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases postprandial insulin and slows gastric emptying (GE). We determined the effects of glutamine on GE of, and glycaemic responses to, low- and high-nutrient drinks in eight healthy males (mean age 21.6 ± 0.7 years and BMI 22.9 ± 0.7 kg/m²). Participants were studied on four occasions on which they consumed either a low-nutrient (beef soup; 18 kcal) or high-nutrient (75 g dextrose; 255 kcal) drink, each with or without 30 g of glutamine (120 kcal), in a randomised, crossover design. GE (2D ultrasound), blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured concurrently. Glutamine slowed GE (half emptying time (T50)) of both low- (45 ± 3 min vs. 26 ± 2 min, < 0.001), and high-nutrient, (100 ± 5 min vs. 77 ± 5 min, = 0.03) drinks, however, there was no effect on GE of the high nutrient drinks when expressed as kcal/min (3.39 ± 0.21 kcal/min vs. 3.81 ± 0.20 kcal/min, = 0.25). There was no change in blood glucose after the low-nutrient drinks with or without glutamine, despite a slight increase in plasma insulin with glutamine ( = 0.007). The rise in blood glucose following the high-nutrient drink ( = 0.0001) was attenuated during the first 60 min by glutamine ( = 0.007). We conclude that in healthy subjects, glutamine slows GE of both low- and high-nutrient drinks comparably and attenuates the rise in blood glucose after the high-nutrient glucose drink. |
| Author | Du, Yang T. Horowitz, Michael Trahair, Laurence G. Greenfield, Jerry R. Rayner, Christopher K. Samocha-Bonet, Dorit Ahmad, Saima Jones, Karen L. Piscitelli, Diana |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; diana.piscitelli@adelaide.edu.au (D.P.); laurence.trahair@adelaide.edu.au (L.G.T.); chris.rayner@adelaide.edu.au (C.K.R.) 6 Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia 5 Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; j.greenfield@garvan.org.au (J.R.G.); d.samochabonet@garvan.org.au (D.S.-B.) 3 NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia 7 St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia 4 School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; saima.ahmad010@gmail.com 1 Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; yang.timothy.du@gmail.com (Y.T.D.); michael.horowitz@adelaide.edu |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; yang.timothy.du@gmail.com (Y.T.D.); michael.horowitz@adelaide.edu.au (M.H.) – name: 2 Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; diana.piscitelli@adelaide.edu.au (D.P.); laurence.trahair@adelaide.edu.au (L.G.T.); chris.rayner@adelaide.edu.au (C.K.R.) – name: 5 Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; j.greenfield@garvan.org.au (J.R.G.); d.samochabonet@garvan.org.au (D.S.-B.) – name: 7 St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia – name: 4 School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; saima.ahmad010@gmail.com – name: 8 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia – name: 6 Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia – name: 3 NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yang T. orcidid: 0000-0002-1741-9866 surname: Du fullname: Du, Yang T. – sequence: 2 givenname: Diana orcidid: 0000-0003-3894-8203 surname: Piscitelli fullname: Piscitelli, Diana – sequence: 3 givenname: Saima surname: Ahmad fullname: Ahmad, Saima – sequence: 4 givenname: Laurence G. surname: Trahair fullname: Trahair, Laurence G. – sequence: 5 givenname: Jerry R. surname: Greenfield fullname: Greenfield, Jerry R. – sequence: 6 givenname: Dorit orcidid: 0000-0001-9422-7852 surname: Samocha-Bonet fullname: Samocha-Bonet, Dorit – sequence: 7 givenname: Christopher K. surname: Rayner fullname: Rayner, Christopher K. – sequence: 8 givenname: Michael surname: Horowitz fullname: Horowitz, Michael – sequence: 9 givenname: Karen L. orcidid: 0000-0002-1155-5816 surname: Jones fullname: Jones, Karen L. |
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| Keywords | postprandial glucose insulin glutamine gastric emptying glycaemia |
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| SubjectTerms | beef beverages blood glucose blood plasma body mass index cross-over studies gastric emptying glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucose glutamine glycemic effect Insulin males soups ultrasonics |
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| Title | Effects of Glutamine on Gastric Emptying of Low- and High-Nutrient Drinks in Healthy Young Subjects—Impact on Glycaemia |
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