Tidal breathing parameters measured by structured light plethysmography in children aged 2–12 years recovering from acute asthma/wheeze compared with healthy children

• Published in: Physiological reports Vol. 6; no. 12; pp. e13752 - n/a
• Main Authors: Hmeidi, Hamzah, Motamedi‐Fakhr, Shayan, Chadwick, Edward K., Gilchrist, Francis J., Lenney, Warren, Iles, Richard, Wilson, Rachel C., Alexander, John
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley and Sons Inc 01.06.2018
• Subjects: Acute asthma; Acute Disease; Age Distribution; Age Factors; Ageing and Degeneration; Asthma - drug therapy; Asthma - physiopathology; bronchodilator; Bronchodilator Agents - pharmacology; Bronchodilator Agents - therapeutic use; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; children; Female; Humans; Immunology; Male; Original Research; Plethysmography - methods; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Physiology; Respiratory Rate - drug effects; structured light plethysmography; Tidal Volume - drug effects; Tidal Volume - physiology; Acute asthma; structured light plethysmography; children; bronchodilator
• ISSN: 2051-817X; 2051-817X
• DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13752

Measurement of lung function can be difficult in young children. Structured light plethysmography (SLP) is a novel, noncontact method of measuring tidal breathing that monitors displacement of the thoraco–abdominal wall. SLP was used to compare breathing in children recovering from an acute exacerbation of asthma/wheeze and an age‐matched cohort of controls. Children aged 2–12 years with acute asthma/wheeze (n = 39) underwent two 5‐min SLP assessments, one before bronchodilator treatment and one after. SLP was performed once in controls (n = 54). Nonparametric comparisons of patients to healthy children and of pre‐bronchodilator to post‐bronchodilator were made for all children, and also stratified by age group (2–5 vs. 6–12 years old). In the asthma/wheeze group, IE50SLP (inspiratory to expiratory flow ratio) was higher (median 1.47 vs. 1.31; P = 0.002), thoraco–abdominal asynchrony (TAA) and left–right asynchrony were greater (both P < 0.001), and respiratory rate was faster (P < 0.001) than in controls. All other timing indices were shorter and displayed reduced variability (all P < 0.001). Variability in time to peak inspiratory flow was also reduced (P < 0.001). Younger children showed a greater effect than older children for TAA (interaction P < 0.05). After bronchodilator treatment, the overall cohort showed a reduction in within‐subject variability in time to peak expiratory flow only (P < 0.001). Younger children exhibited a reduction in relative contribution of the thorax, TAA, and variability in TAA (interaction P < 0.05). SLP can be successfully performed in young children. The potential of SLP to monitor diseases such as asthma in children is worthy of further investigation. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02543333. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the use of structured light plethysmography (SLP) in children under 6 years of age. Many tidal breathing parameters were investigated, with differences detected in children recovering from an acute exacerbation of asthma/wheeze compared with healthy children, and also before and after bronchodilator treatment in those with acute asthma. SLP provides a noncontact method of measuring lung function in patients in whom spirometry cannot be conveniently used.