The Neural Bases of Grapheme–Color Synesthesia Are Not Localized in Real Color-Sensitive Areas
The subjective experience of color by synesthetes when viewing achromatic letters and numbers supposedly relates to real color experience, as exemplified by the recruitment of the V4 color center observed in some brain imaging studies. Phenomenological reports and psychophysics tests indicate, howev...
Saved in:
| Published in | Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) Vol. 22; no. 7; pp. 1622 - 1633 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
01.07.2012
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1047-3211 1460-2199 1460-2199 |
| DOI | 10.1093/cercor/bhr236 |
Cover
| Abstract | The subjective experience of color by synesthetes when viewing achromatic letters and numbers supposedly relates to real color experience, as exemplified by the recruitment of the V4 color center observed in some brain imaging studies. Phenomenological reports and psychophysics tests indicate, however, that both experiences are different. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tried to precise the degree of coactivation by real and synesthetic colors, by evaluating each color center individually, and applying adaptation protocols across real and synesthetic colors. We also looked for structural differences between synesthetes and nonsynesthetes. In 10 synesthetes, we found that color areas and retinotopic areas were not activated by synesthetic colors, whatever the strength of synesthetic associations measured objectively for each subject. Voxel-based morphometry revealed no white matter (WM) or gray matter difference in those regions when compared with 25 control subjects. But synesthetes had more WM in the retrosplenial cortex bilaterally. The joint coding of real and synesthetic colors, if it exists, must therefore be distributed rather than localized in the visual cortex. Alternatively, the key to synesthetic color experience might not lie in the color system. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The subjective experience of color by synesthetes when viewing achromatic letters and numbers supposedly relates to real color experience, as exemplified by the recruitment of the V4 color center observed in some brain imaging studies. Phenomenological reports and psychophysics tests indicate, however, that both experiences are different. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tried to precise the degree of coactivation by real and synesthetic colors, by evaluating each color center individually, and applying adaptation protocols across real and synesthetic colors. We also looked for structural differences between synesthetes and nonsynesthetes. In 10 synesthetes, we found that color areas and retinotopic areas were not activated by synesthetic colors, whatever the strength of synesthetic associations measured objectively for each subject. Voxel-based morphometry revealed no white matter (WM) or gray matter difference in those regions when compared with 25 control subjects. But synesthetes had more WM in the retrosplenial cortex bilaterally. The joint coding of real and synesthetic colors, if it exists, must therefore be distributed rather than localized in the visual cortex. Alternatively, the key to synesthetic color experience might not lie in the color system. The subjective experience of color by synesthetes when viewing achromatic letters and numbers supposedly relates to real color experience, as exemplified by the recruitment of the V4 color center observed in some brain imaging studies. Phenomenological reports and psychophysics tests indicate, however, that both experiences are different. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tried to precise the degree of coactivation by real and synesthetic colors, by evaluating each color center individually, and applying adaptation protocols across real and synesthetic colors. We also looked for structural differences between synesthetes and nonsynesthetes. In 10 synesthetes, we found that color areas and retinotopic areas were not activated by synesthetic colors, whatever the strength of synesthetic associations measured objectively for each subject. Voxel-based morphometry revealed no white matter (WM) or gray matter difference in those regions when compared with 25 control subjects. But synesthetes had more WM in the retrosplenial cortex bilaterally. The joint coding of real and synesthetic colors, if it exists, must therefore be distributed rather than localized in the visual cortex. Alternatively, the key to synesthetic color experience might not lie in the color system.The subjective experience of color by synesthetes when viewing achromatic letters and numbers supposedly relates to real color experience, as exemplified by the recruitment of the V4 color center observed in some brain imaging studies. Phenomenological reports and psychophysics tests indicate, however, that both experiences are different. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tried to precise the degree of coactivation by real and synesthetic colors, by evaluating each color center individually, and applying adaptation protocols across real and synesthetic colors. We also looked for structural differences between synesthetes and nonsynesthetes. In 10 synesthetes, we found that color areas and retinotopic areas were not activated by synesthetic colors, whatever the strength of synesthetic associations measured objectively for each subject. Voxel-based morphometry revealed no white matter (WM) or gray matter difference in those regions when compared with 25 control subjects. But synesthetes had more WM in the retrosplenial cortex bilaterally. The joint coding of real and synesthetic colors, if it exists, must therefore be distributed rather than localized in the visual cortex. Alternatively, the key to synesthetic color experience might not lie in the color system. |
| Author | Hupé, Jean-Michel Dojat, Michel Bordier, Cécile |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jean-Michel surname: Hupé fullname: Hupé, Jean-Michel – sequence: 2 givenname: Cécile surname: Bordier fullname: Bordier, Cécile – sequence: 3 givenname: Michel surname: Dojat fullname: Dojat, Michel |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21914631$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqNkMtKAzEUhoMoXqpLt5Klm9Hc5pKlFq1CUfCyHtPMGRpJJzWZUerKd_ANfRKjU10IiqscyPcd_vNvodXGNYDQLiUHlEh-qMFr5w8nU894toI2qchIwqiUq3EmIk84o3QDbYVwTwjNWcrW0Ub8jxynm-juZgr4AjqvLD5WAQJ2NR55NZ_CDN5eXofOOo-vFw2EdgrBKHzko-BaPHZaWfMMFTYNvoLof7LJNTTBtOYRPkgVttFarWyAneU7QLenJzfDs2R8OTofHo0TzbO0TbK6YLQmrNIVmWgqCyrzSVELIqpUCZ5lXAqmqZIp04qIIqWciVzmuk5zWUnBB-ig39s1c7V4UtaWc29myi9KSsqPqsq-qrKvKgr7vTD37qGL55UzEzRYqxpwXYgKE1mWp7L4Dxrj5kXBIrq3RLvJDKrvDF-NR4D3gPYuBA91qU2rWuOa1itjfw2b_LD-Pu4dRS-mIg |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1111_mila_12078 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnsys_2019_00029 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cognition_2018_03_022 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2015_00018 crossref_primary_10_31682_ayna_1144465 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropsychologia_2017_03_004 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2015_01850 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropsychologia_2023_108491 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropsychologia_2016_04_016 crossref_primary_10_1111_ejn_13090 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2024_1434309 crossref_primary_10_4074_S0003503313014061 crossref_primary_10_1080_17588928_2015_1017450 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_77298_2 crossref_primary_10_1523_JNEUROSCI_3577_12_2012 crossref_primary_10_1080_17588928_2017_1353492 crossref_primary_10_1080_13554794_2014_892625 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroimage_2013_12_054 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2014_00369 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13414_012_0401_1 crossref_primary_10_1080_17588928_2013_877880 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neubiorev_2012_11_016 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0194422 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_87223_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropsychologia_2012_09_015 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnhum_2014_00509 crossref_primary_10_3917_anpsy_134_0629 crossref_primary_10_1177_2041669518777515 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropsychologia_2015_07_006 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2019_0029 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cortex_2019_02_025 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2017_00337 crossref_primary_10_1111_bjop_12146 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cortex_2012_10_013 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tics_2015_03_004 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnhum_2015_00103 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_concog_2013_12_009 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_psych_113011_143840 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_concog_2021_103192 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_concog_2018_04_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neubiorev_2011_09_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroimage_2014_05_019 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12210_014_0323_z crossref_primary_10_1080_17588928_2013_847077 crossref_primary_10_1111_tops_12237 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnhum_2015_00277 crossref_primary_10_1523_JNEUROSCI_5401_11_2012 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cortex_2018_01_020 crossref_primary_10_1111_ejn_14774 crossref_primary_10_1098_rstb_2018_0359 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cognition_2019_02_009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropsychologia_2018_01_030 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0119377 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13414_013_0520_3 crossref_primary_10_1051_medsci_2012288019 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1093/cercor/bhm072 10.1038/nrn2575 10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01374-5 10.1002/cne.21346 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.10.012 10.1073/pnas.022049399 10.1068/p220419 10.1038/35069062 10.1080/02643290342000393 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70631-2 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.07.012 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1657-06.2006 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70337-X 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06673.x 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05446.x 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.07.018 10.1038/nrn1476 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.10.051 10.1098/rspb.2007.1457 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3444-09.2010 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.008 10.1093/brain/awn292 10.1016/j.concog.2006.09.012 10.1371/journal.pone.0005037 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70348-4 10.1038/nn818 10.1348/000712607X204164 10.1016/S0926-6410(02)00278-1 10.1038/nrn702 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70347-2 10.3758/CABN.4.3.335 10.1038/nrn2733 10.1038/35019148 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00666.x 10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9 10.1002/jmri.10277 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.11.1735 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.012 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.05.003 10.1016/j.visres.2008.01.024 10.1068/p5469 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5257-06.2007 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0964-10.2011 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.03.007 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.06.024 10.1093/brain/118.3.661 10.1093/brain/awn304 10.1098/rspb.2009.1765 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70355-1 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.01.012 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3577-09.2009 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000157 10.1073/pnas.0800376105 10.1098/rspb.2000.1576 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.039 10.1038/nn1507 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.052 10.1196/annals.1440.011 10.1006/nimg.2001.0786 10.1038/nn1906 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 7QG 7TK ADTOC UNPAY |
| DOI | 10.1093/cercor/bhr236 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic Animal Behavior Abstracts Neurosciences Abstracts Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content Unpaywall |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic Neurosciences Abstracts Animal Behavior Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitleList | Neurosciences Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: UNPAY name: Unpaywall url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/ sourceTypes: Open Access Repository |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine Anatomy & Physiology |
| EISSN | 1460-2199 |
| EndPage | 1633 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10.1093/cercor/bhr236 21914631 10_1093_cercor_bhr236 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | --- -E4 .2P .GJ .I3 .ZR 0R~ 1TH 29B 2WC 4.4 482 48X 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS 5WA 5WD 70D AABZA AACZT AAIMJ AAJKP AAJQQ AAMDB AAMVS AAOGV AAPGJ AAPNW AAPQZ AAPXW AARHZ AAUAY AAUQX AAVAP AAVLN AAWDT AAYXX ABDFA ABEJV ABEUO ABGNP ABIME ABIVO ABIXL ABJNI ABKDP ABLJU ABMNT ABNGD ABNHQ ABNKS ABPIB ABPQP ABPTD ABQLI ABSMQ ABVGC ABWST ABXVV ABXZS ABZBJ ABZEO ACFRR ACGFS ACIWK ACPQN ACPRK ACUFI ACUKT ACUTJ ACUTO ACVCV ACZBC ADBBV ADEYI ADEZT ADFTL ADGKP ADGZP ADHKW ADHZD ADIPN ADMTO ADNBA ADOCK ADQBN ADRTK ADVEK ADYVW ADZTZ ADZXQ AEGPL AEHUL AEJOX AEKPW AEKSI AELWJ AEMDU AENEX AENZO AEPUE AETBJ AEWNT AFFNX AFFQV AFFZL AFGWE AFIYH AFOFC AFRAH AFSHK AFYAG AGINJ AGKEF AGKRT AGMDO AGQPQ AGQXC AGSYK AHGBF AHMBA AHMMS AHXPO AIJHB AJBYB AJDVS AJEEA AJNCP AKHUL AKWXX ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQC ALXQX ANFBD APIBT APJGH APWMN AQDSO AQKUS ARIXL ASAOO ASPBG ATDFG ATGXG ATTQO AVNTJ AVWKF AXUDD AYOIW AZFZN BAWUL BAYMD BCRHZ BEYMZ BHONS BQDIO BSWAC BTRTY BVRKM BZKNY C1A CAG CDBKE CITATION COF CS3 CXTWN CZ4 DAKXR DFGAJ DIK DILTD DU5 D~K E3Z EBS EE~ EIHJH EJD ELUNK EMOBN F5P F9B FEDTE FHSFR FLUFQ FOEOM FOTVD FQBLK GAUVT GJXCC H13 H5~ HAR HVGLF HW0 HZ~ IOX J21 JXSIZ KAQDR KBUDW KOP KQ8 KSI KSN M-Z MBLQV MBTAY ML0 N9A NGC NLBLG NOMLY NOYVH NTWIH NU- NVLIB O0~ O9- OAWHX OBFPC OBOKY OCZFY ODMLO OJQWA OJZSN OK1 OPAEJ OVD OWPYF O~Y P2P P6G PAFKI PB- PEELM PQQKQ Q1. Q5Y QBD R44 RD5 RNI ROL ROX ROZ RUSNO RW1 RXO RZF RZO TCN TEORI TJX TLC TMA TR2 UQL W8F WOQ X7H YAYTL YKOAZ YXANX ZKX ~91 ABQTQ CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF M49 NPM RIG 7X8 7QG 7TK ADTOC AGORE UNPAY |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-6f821f02dcd0bc198197b8f404d5a43663942c1a952ca04851324797cf579d943 |
| IEDL.DBID | UNPAY |
| ISSN | 1047-3211 1460-2199 |
| IngestDate | Sun Sep 07 11:02:40 EDT 2025 Sat Sep 27 20:37:49 EDT 2025 Sun Sep 28 01:26:33 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 03 07:09:21 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:55:46 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 03:39:45 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 7 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c365t-6f821f02dcd0bc198197b8f404d5a43663942c1a952ca04851324797cf579d943 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-pdf/22/7/1622/17306498/bhr236.pdf |
| PMID | 21914631 |
| PQID | 1021977882 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 12 |
| ParticipantIDs | unpaywall_primary_10_1093_cercor_bhr236 proquest_miscellaneous_1024667598 proquest_miscellaneous_1021977882 pubmed_primary_21914631 crossref_citationtrail_10_1093_cercor_bhr236 crossref_primary_10_1093_cercor_bhr236 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2012-7-00 2012-Jul 20120701 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2012-07-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2012 text: 2012-7-00 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States |
| PublicationTitle | Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Cereb Cortex |
| PublicationYear | 2012 |
| References | Hanggi ( key 20170520222004_bib31) 2008; 43 Simner ( key 20170520222004_bib56) 2009; 132 Fair ( key 20170520222004_bib26) 2008; 105 Good ( key 20170520222004_bib30) 2001; 14 Asher ( key 20170520222004_bib4) 2006; 42 Ward ( key 20170520222004_bib67) 2008; 99 Efron ( key 20170520222004_bib24) 1993 Flournoy ( key 20170520222004_bib27) 1893 Beeli ( key 20170520222004_bib10) 2008; 18 Dann ( key 20170520222004_bib18) 1998 Weiss ( key 20170520222004_bib69) 2001; 37 Rouw ( key 20170520222004_bib53) 2007; 10 Simner ( key 20170520222004_bib57) 2006; 35 Brewer ( key 20170520222004_bib14) 2005; 8 Ward ( key 20170520222004_bib65) 2010; 277 Hubbard ( key 20170520222004_bib35) 2005; 48 Supekar ( key 20170520222004_bib61) 2009; 7 Dixon ( key 20170520222004_bib21) 2004; 4 Vann ( key 20170520222004_bib62) 2009; 10 Acosta-Cabronero ( key 20170520222004_bib1) 2008; 39 Jancke ( key 20170520222004_bib36) 2009; 29 Ramachandran ( key 20170520222004_bib47) 2001; 268 Eagleman ( key 20170520222004_bib22) 2007; 159 Rich ( key 20170520222004_bib50) 2006; 44 Edquist ( key 20170520222004_bib23) 2006; 42 Suarez de Mendoza ( key 20170520222004_bib60) 1890 Nijboer ( key 20170520222004_bib42) 2009; 9(6) Weiss ( key 20170520222004_bib68) 2009; 132 Ashburner ( key 20170520222004_bib3) 2005; 26 Gheri ( key 20170520222004_bib28) 2008; 275 Asher ( key 20170520222004_bib5) 2009; 84 Ashburner ( key 20170520222004_bib2) 2007; 38 Baron-Cohen ( key 20170520222004_bib9) 1993; 22 Weiss ( key 20170520222004_bib70) 2005; 28 Wirth ( key 20170520222004_bib71) 2011; 54 Sperling ( key 20170520222004_bib59) 2006; 42 Dixon ( key 20170520222004_bib20) 2000; 406 Mattingley ( key 20170520222004_bib41) 2001; 410 Hanggi ( key 20170520222004_bib32) 2011; 31 Palmeri ( key 20170520222004_bib45) 2002; 99 Blake ( key 20170520222004_bib13) 2005 Hubbard ( key 20170520222004_bib34) 2005; 45 Buckner ( key 20170520222004_bib16) 2008; 1124 Goller ( key 20170520222004_bib29) 2008; 10 Maddock ( key 20170520222004_bib40) 1999; 22 Nunn ( key 20170520222004_bib43) 2002; 5 Rothen ( key 20170520222004_bib52) 2009; 4 Ward ( key 20170520222004_bib66) 2007; 16 Kobayashi ( key 20170520222004_bib37) 2007; 502 Rich ( key 20170520222004_bib49) 2002; 3 Wandell ( key 20170520222004_bib63) 2007; 56 Hong ( key 20170520222004_bib33) 2008; 48 Bar ( key 20170520222004_bib7) 2004; 5 Robertson ( key 20170520222004_bib51) 2005 Larsson ( key 20170520222004_bib39) 2006; 26 Bennett ( key 20170520222004_bib11) 2010; 1 Ramachandran ( key 20170520222004_bib48) 2001; 8 Awad ( key 20170520222004_bib6) 2007; 27 Bennett ( key 20170520222004_bib12) 2010; 1191 Bullmore ( key 20170520222004_bib17) 2009; 10 Sagiv ( key 20170520222004_bib55) 2006; 42 Brouwer ( key 20170520222004_bib15) 2009; 29 Specht ( key 20170520222004_bib58) 2003; 17 O'Toole ( key 20170520222004_bib44) 2007; 19 Rouw ( key 20170520222004_bib54) 2010; 30 Barnett ( key 20170520222004_bib8) 2008; 106 Paulesu ( key 20170520222004_bib46) 1995; 118 Elias ( key 20170520222004_bib25) 2003; 16 Laeng ( key 20170520222004_bib38) 2004; 15 Ward ( key 20170520222004_bib64) 2004; 21 Dixon ( key 20170520222004_bib19) 2005; 45 |
| References_xml | – volume: 18 start-page: 379 year: 2008 ident: key 20170520222004_bib10 article-title: Time course of neural activity correlated with colored-hearing synesthesia publication-title: Cereb Cortex doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhm072 – volume: 10 start-page: 186 year: 2009 ident: key 20170520222004_bib17 article-title: Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems publication-title: Nat Rev Neurosci doi: 10.1038/nrn2575 – volume-title: L'audition colorée: étude sur les fausses sensations secondaires physiologiques et particulièrement sur les pseudo-sensations de couleurs associées aux perceptions objectives des sons year: 1890 ident: key 20170520222004_bib60 – volume: 22 start-page: 310 year: 1999 ident: key 20170520222004_bib40 article-title: The retrosplenial cortex and emotion: new insights from functional neuroimaging of the human brain publication-title: Trends Neurosci doi: 10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01374-5 – start-page: 47 volume-title: Synesthesia: perspectives from cognitive neuroscience year: 2005 ident: key 20170520222004_bib13 article-title: On the perceptual reality of synesthetic color – volume: 10 start-page: 869 year: 2008 ident: key 20170520222004_bib29 article-title: Seeing sounds and hearing colors: an event-related potential study of auditory-visual synesthesia publication-title: J Cogn Neurosci – volume: 502 start-page: 810 year: 2007 ident: key 20170520222004_bib37 article-title: Macaque monkey retrosplenial cortex: III. Cortical efferents publication-title: J Comp Neurol doi: 10.1002/cne.21346 – volume: 48 start-page: 509 year: 2005 ident: key 20170520222004_bib35 article-title: Neurocognitive mechanisms of synesthesia publication-title: Neuron doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.10.012 – volume-title: Bright colors falsely seen: synaesthesia and the search for transcendental knowledge year: 1998 ident: key 20170520222004_bib18 – volume: 99 start-page: 4127 year: 2002 ident: key 20170520222004_bib45 article-title: The perceptual reality of synesthetic colors publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A doi: 10.1073/pnas.022049399 – volume: 22 start-page: 419 year: 1993 ident: key 20170520222004_bib9 article-title: Coloured speech perception: is synaesthesia what happens when modularity breaks down? publication-title: Perception doi: 10.1068/p220419 – volume: 410 start-page: 580 year: 2001 ident: key 20170520222004_bib41 article-title: Unconscious priming eliminates automatic binding of colour and alphanumeric form in synaesthesia publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/35069062 – volume: 21 start-page: 761 year: 2004 ident: key 20170520222004_bib64 article-title: Emotionally mediated synaesthesia publication-title: Cogn Neuropsychol doi: 10.1080/02643290342000393 – volume: 37 start-page: 750 year: 2001 ident: key 20170520222004_bib69 article-title: Associating colours with people: a case of chromatic-lexical synaesthesia publication-title: Cortex doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70631-2 – volume: 159 start-page: 139 year: 2007 ident: key 20170520222004_bib22 article-title: A standardized test battery for the study of synesthesia publication-title: J Neurosci Methods doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.07.012 – volume: 26 start-page: 13128 year: 2006 ident: key 20170520222004_bib39 article-title: Two retinotopic visual areas in human lateral occipital cortex publication-title: J Neurosci doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1657-06.2006 – volume: 42 start-page: 137 year: 2006 ident: key 20170520222004_bib4 article-title: Diagnosing and phenotyping visual synaesthesia: a preliminary evaluation of the revised test of genuineness (TOG-R) publication-title: Cortex doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70337-X – volume: 29 start-page: 1287 year: 2009 ident: key 20170520222004_bib36 article-title: The neuroanatomy of grapheme-color synesthesia publication-title: Eur J Neurosci doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06673.x – volume: 38 start-page: 95 year: 2007 ident: key 20170520222004_bib2 article-title: A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm publication-title: Neuroimage doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007 – volume: 1191 start-page: 133 year: 2010 ident: key 20170520222004_bib12 article-title: How reliable are the results from functional magnetic resonance imaging? publication-title: Ann N Y Acad Sci doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05446.x – volume: 43 start-page: 192 year: 2008 ident: key 20170520222004_bib31 article-title: The multiple synaesthete E.S.: neuroanatomical basis of interval-taste and tone-colour synaesthesia publication-title: Neuroimage doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.07.018 – volume: 5 start-page: 617 year: 2004 ident: key 20170520222004_bib7 article-title: Visual objects in context publication-title: Nat Rev Neurosci doi: 10.1038/nrn1476 – volume: 39 start-page: 1654 year: 2008 ident: key 20170520222004_bib1 article-title: The impact of skull-stripping and radio-frequency bias correction on grey-matter segmentation for voxel-based morphometry publication-title: Neuroimage doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.10.051 – volume: 275 start-page: 841 year: 2008 ident: key 20170520222004_bib28 article-title: Synaesthetic colours do not camouflage form in visual search publication-title: Proc Biol Sci doi: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1457 – volume: 30 start-page: 6205 year: 2010 ident: key 20170520222004_bib54 article-title: Neural basis of individual differences in synesthetic experiences publication-title: J Neurosci doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3444-09.2010 – volume: 45 start-page: 975 year: 2005 ident: key 20170520222004_bib34 article-title: Individual differences among grapheme-color synesthetes: brain-behavior correlations publication-title: Neuron doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.008 – volume: 132 start-page: 57 year: 2009 ident: key 20170520222004_bib56 article-title: Early detection of markers for synaesthesia in childhood populations publication-title: Brain doi: 10.1093/brain/awn292 – volume: 8 start-page: 3 year: 2001 ident: key 20170520222004_bib48 article-title: Synaesthesia—a window into perception, language and thought publication-title: J Conscious Stud – volume: 16 start-page: 913 year: 2007 ident: key 20170520222004_bib66 article-title: Varieties of grapheme-colour synaesthesia: a new theory of phenomenological and behavioural differences publication-title: Conscious Cogn doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2006.09.012 – volume: 4 start-page: e5037 year: 2009 ident: key 20170520222004_bib52 article-title: Do synesthetes have a general advantage in visual search and episodic memory? A case for group studies publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005037 – volume: 42 start-page: 232 year: 2006 ident: key 20170520222004_bib55 article-title: Does binding of synesthetic color to the evoking grapheme require attention? publication-title: Cortex doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70348-4 – volume: 5 start-page: 371 year: 2002 ident: key 20170520222004_bib43 article-title: Functional magnetic resonance imaging of synesthesia: activation of V4/V8 by spoken words publication-title: Nat Neurosci doi: 10.1038/nn818 – volume: 99 start-page: 127 year: 2008 ident: key 20170520222004_bib67 article-title: Synaesthesia, creativity and art: what is the link? publication-title: Br J Psychol doi: 10.1348/000712607X204164 – volume: 16 start-page: 232 year: 2003 ident: key 20170520222004_bib25 article-title: Dissociating semantic and perceptual components of synaesthesia: behavioural and functional neuroanatomical investigations publication-title: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res doi: 10.1016/S0926-6410(02)00278-1 – volume: 3 start-page: 43 year: 2002 ident: key 20170520222004_bib49 article-title: Anomalous perception in synaesthesia: a cognitive neuroscience perspective publication-title: Nat Rev Neurosci doi: 10.1038/nrn702 – volume: 42 start-page: 222 year: 2006 ident: key 20170520222004_bib23 article-title: Do synaesthetic colours act as unique features in visual search? publication-title: Cortex doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70347-2 – volume: 4 start-page: 335 year: 2004 ident: key 20170520222004_bib21 article-title: Not all synaesthetes are created equal: projector versus associator synaesthetes publication-title: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci doi: 10.3758/CABN.4.3.335 – volume: 10 start-page: 792 year: 2009 ident: key 20170520222004_bib62 article-title: What does the retrosplenial cortex do? publication-title: Nat Rev Neurosci doi: 10.1038/nrn2733 – volume: 406 start-page: 365 year: 2000 ident: key 20170520222004_bib20 article-title: Five plus two equals yellow publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/35019148 – volume: 15 start-page: 277 year: 2004 ident: key 20170520222004_bib38 article-title: Does color synesthesia pose a paradox for early-selection theories of attention? publication-title: Psychol Sci doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00666.x – volume-title: An introduction to the bootstrap year: 1993 ident: key 20170520222004_bib24 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9 – volume: 17 start-page: 463 year: 2003 ident: key 20170520222004_bib58 article-title: Assessment of reliability in functional imaging studies publication-title: J Magn Reson Imaging doi: 10.1002/jmri.10277 – volume: 19 start-page: 1735 year: 2007 ident: key 20170520222004_bib44 article-title: Theoretical, statistical, and practical perspectives on pattern-based classification approaches to the analysis of functional neuroimaging data publication-title: J Cogn Neurosci doi: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.11.1735 – volume: 56 start-page: 366 year: 2007 ident: key 20170520222004_bib63 article-title: Visual field maps in human cortex publication-title: Neuron doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.012 – volume: 106 start-page: 871 year: 2008 ident: key 20170520222004_bib8 article-title: Familial patterns and the origins of individual differences in synaesthesia publication-title: Cognition doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.05.003 – volume: 1 start-page: 1 year: 2010 ident: key 20170520222004_bib11 article-title: Neural correlates of interspecies perspective taking in the post-mortem Atlantic Salmon: an argument for multiple comparisons correction publication-title: JSUR – volume: 48 start-page: 1018 year: 2008 ident: key 20170520222004_bib33 article-title: Early visual mechanisms do not contribute to synesthetic color experience publication-title: Vision Res doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2008.01.024 – volume: 35 start-page: 1024 year: 2006 ident: key 20170520222004_bib57 article-title: Synaesthesia: the prevalence of atypical cross-modal experiences publication-title: Perception doi: 10.1068/p5469 – volume: 27 start-page: 11455 year: 2007 ident: key 20170520222004_bib6 article-title: A common system for the comprehension and production of narrative speech publication-title: J Neurosci doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5257-06.2007 – volume: 31 start-page: 5816 year: 2011 ident: key 20170520222004_bib32 article-title: Globally altered structural brain network topology in grapheme-color synesthesia publication-title: J Neurosci doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0964-10.2011 – volume: 9(6) start-page: 21:1 year: 2009 ident: key 20170520222004_bib42 article-title: Is attention essential for inducing synesthetic colors? Evidence from oculomotor distractors publication-title: J Vis – volume: 45 start-page: 821 year: 2005 ident: key 20170520222004_bib19 article-title: The importance of individual differences in grapheme-color synesthesia publication-title: Neuron doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.03.007 – volume: 26 start-page: 839 year: 2005 ident: key 20170520222004_bib3 article-title: Unified segmentation publication-title: Neuroimage doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018 – volume: 44 start-page: 2918 year: 2006 ident: key 20170520222004_bib50 article-title: Neural correlates of imagined and synaesthetic colours publication-title: Neuropsychologia doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.06.024 – volume-title: Des phénomènes de synopsie (audition colorée) photismes, schèmes visuels, personnifications year: 1893 ident: key 20170520222004_bib27 – volume: 118 start-page: 661 issue: Pt 3 year: 1995 ident: key 20170520222004_bib46 article-title: The physiology of coloured hearing. A PET activation study of colour-word synaesthesia publication-title: Brain doi: 10.1093/brain/118.3.661 – volume: 132 start-page: 65 year: 2009 ident: key 20170520222004_bib68 article-title: Grapheme-colour synaesthetes show increased grey matter volumes of parietal and fusiform cortex publication-title: Brain doi: 10.1093/brain/awn304 – volume: 277 start-page: 1021 year: 2010 ident: key 20170520222004_bib65 article-title: Grapheme-colour synaesthesia improves detection of embedded shapes, but without pre-attentive ‘pop-out’ of synaesthetic colour publication-title: Proc Biol Sci doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1765 – volume: 42 start-page: 295 year: 2006 ident: key 20170520222004_bib59 article-title: Neuronal correlates of colour-graphemic synaesthesia: a fMRI study publication-title: Cortex doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70355-1 – volume: 84 start-page: 279 year: 2009 ident: key 20170520222004_bib5 article-title: A whole-genome scan and fine-mapping linkage study of auditory-visual synesthesia reveals evidence of linkage to chromosomes 2q24, 5q33, 6p12, and 12p12 publication-title: Am J Hum Genet doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.01.012 – volume: 29 start-page: 13992 year: 2009 ident: key 20170520222004_bib15 article-title: Decoding and reconstructing color from responses in human visual cortex publication-title: J Neurosci doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3577-09.2009 – volume: 7 start-page: e1000157 year: 2009 ident: key 20170520222004_bib61 article-title: Development of large-scale functional brain networks in children publication-title: PLoS Biol doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000157 – volume: 105 start-page: 4028 year: 2008 ident: key 20170520222004_bib26 article-title: The maturing architecture of the brain's default network publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A doi: 10.1073/pnas.0800376105 – volume-title: Synesthesia: perspectives from cognitive neuroscience year: 2005 ident: key 20170520222004_bib51 – volume: 268 start-page: 979 year: 2001 ident: key 20170520222004_bib47 article-title: Psychophysical investigations into the neural basis of synaesthesia publication-title: Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci doi: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1576 – volume: 54 start-page: 3057 year: 2011 ident: key 20170520222004_bib71 article-title: Semantic memory involvement in the default mode network: a functional neuroimaging study using independent component analysis publication-title: Neuroimage doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.039 – volume: 8 start-page: 1102 year: 2005 ident: key 20170520222004_bib14 article-title: Visual field maps and stimulus selectivity in human ventral occipital cortex publication-title: Nat Neurosci doi: 10.1038/nn1507 – volume: 28 start-page: 859 year: 2005 ident: key 20170520222004_bib70 article-title: When visual perception causes feeling: enhanced cross-modal processing in grapheme-color synesthesia publication-title: Neuroimage doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.052 – volume: 1124 start-page: 1 year: 2008 ident: key 20170520222004_bib16 article-title: The brain's default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease publication-title: Ann N Y Acad Sci doi: 10.1196/annals.1440.011 – volume: 14 start-page: 21 year: 2001 ident: key 20170520222004_bib30 article-title: A voxel-based morphometric study of ageing in 465 normal adult human brains publication-title: Neuroimage doi: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0786 – volume: 10 start-page: 792 year: 2007 ident: key 20170520222004_bib53 article-title: Increased structural connectivity in grapheme-color synesthesia publication-title: Nat Neurosci doi: 10.1038/nn1906 |
| SSID | ssj0017252 |
| Score | 2.334955 |
| Snippet | The subjective experience of color by synesthetes when viewing achromatic letters and numbers supposedly relates to real color experience, as exemplified by... |
| SourceID | unpaywall proquest pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source |
| StartPage | 1622 |
| SubjectTerms | Adult Association Learning - physiology Color Perception - physiology Cues Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nerve Net - physiology Stroop Test Visual Cortex - physiology Young Adult |
| Title | The Neural Bases of Grapheme–Color Synesthesia Are Not Localized in Real Color-Sensitive Areas |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21914631 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1021977882 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1024667598 https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-pdf/22/7/1622/17306498/bhr236.pdf |
| UnpaywallVersion | publishedVersion |
| Volume | 22 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Open Access Digital Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1460-2199 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0017252 issn: 1460-2199 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 19960101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries – providerCode: PRVBFR databaseName: Free Medical Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1460-2199 dateEnd: 20241002 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0017252 issn: 1460-2199 databaseCode: DIK dateStart: 19960101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.freemedicaljournals.com providerName: Flying Publisher |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1bb9MwFD4anQTigcvGpQgmI6HxQprEdpz4sZvYxmUTYlQaT5nji-jWpVWbCnVP_Af-4X4Jx01ScRETDzzlIefEsWOf832x_RngRVwYKkXCAppZEfCMmkB6LULujKCWccWU3yh8eCQOBvztSXLSSAr5vTCqWRXeW21psFOkYWHTjsHEuJDSMA1jgZc49QBaZmHxZUqZ6OHdG7Au_FxTB9YHRx_6n1s1AkaXZ_FiYIgCHKWy0dtEQt8WUT_j1_z0B-i8Dbfm5UQtvqrR6KdEtHcXztoq1OtPznvzqujpy9_UHf9LHe_BnQaukn7tcx_WbLkBm_0SqfrFgmyT5QLS5Z_5Dbh52MzTb8Ip9j7idT_Qdwfz5IyMHdn32tj2wl59-76LLlNyvMA4iwB0NlRYAjqMK_Le59bhpTVkWJKPiGLJ0jY49gvtfWj2lmr2AAZ7rz_tHgTNWQ6BZiKpAuEyGruIGm2iQscSgUhaZI5H3CSKM8Q9klMdK5lQrTCqJMiSeSpT7ZJUGsnZQ-iU49I-BhKnJnMIhGRkEy5MViAkSlPPtp10miZdeNV-wVw3Quf-vI1RXk-4s7xu77xu0C5sr8wntcLH3wyft90hxzHoJ1ZUacfzWe6PR0ccjWTlWhsukJ3JrAuP6r60Ko56kT3B4i68XHWu69_lyT9bPoVONZ3bZwidqmILScObd1vN0PgBvgYaHg |
| linkProvider | Unpaywall |
| linkToUnpaywall | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9NAEB5BKoF64NHyCAK0SKhccGzvy95jqCgVohWiRCons96HCE2dKHGE0hP_gX_IL2E2tiMeouLAyQfPeL3r2d1vPLPfADxNS0uVFCyiuZMRz6mNVOAi5N5K6hjXTIeDwkfH8nDEX5-K05ZSKJyF0W1W-GBzpMHN0Q2L23GMZtbHlMZZnEq8pFkA0CqPy09zyuQA716FLRliTT3YGh2_HX7o2AgYXdfixYUhiXCWqpZvEx36ronmGb_uT3-Azm24vqxmevVFTyY_bUQHN-Fz14Um_-RssKzLgbn4jd3xv_TxFtxo4SoZNjq34YqrdmB3WKGrfr4ie2SdQLr-M78D147aOP0ufETrI4H3A3Vf4D65IFNPXgVubHfuvn_9to8qc3KywnUWAehirLEFVJjW5E3YW8cXzpJxRd4hiiVr2egkJNqHpTlI6sUdGB28fL9_GLW1HCLDpKgj6XOa-oRaY5PSpAqBSFbmnifcCs0Z4h7FqUm1EtRoXFUEesk8U5nxIlNWcXYXetW0cveBpJnNPQIhlTjBpc1LhERZFrxtr7yhog_Puy9YmJboPNTbmBRNwJ0VzXgXzYD2YW8jPmsYPv4m-KQzhwLnYAis6MpNl4silEdHHI3OyqUyXKJ3pvI-3GtsadMcDSR7kqV9eLYxrsvf5cE_Sz6EXj1fukcInerycTspfgAnFxkl |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+neural+bases+of+grapheme-color+synesthesia+are+not+localized+in+real+color-sensitive+areas&rft.jtitle=Cerebral+cortex+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.+1991%29&rft.au=Hup%C3%A9%2C+Jean-Michel&rft.au=Bordier%2C+C%C3%A9cile&rft.au=Dojat%2C+Michel&rft.date=2012-07-01&rft.issn=1460-2199&rft.eissn=1460-2199&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1622&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fcercor%2Fbhr236&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1047-3211&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1047-3211&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1047-3211&client=summon |