Research on Fire Evacuation in University Libraries Based on the Fuzzy Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

• Published in: Fire (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 8; no. 8; p. 329
• Main Authors: Lei, Ming, Huang, Mengke, Wang, Dandan, Zhang, Wei, Cheng, Sixiang, Dong, Wenhui
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2025
• Subjects: Academic libraries; Algorithms; ant colony algorithm; Ant colony optimization; Behavior; China; Efficiency; Evacuation; Evacuation of civilians; Evacuation routing; fire evacuation; Fire prevention; fuzzy algorithm; Fuzzy logic; Fuzzy sets; Gas temperature; Influence; Injuries; Integer programming; Mathematical optimization; Methods; numerical simulation; Optimization algorithms; Optimization techniques; Pheromones; Planning; Route optimization; Safety and security measures; Safety management; University and college libraries; university library; China
• ISSN: 2571-6255; 2571-6255
• DOI: 10.3390/fire8080329

To study the impact of the psychological and behavioral characteristics of people, fire environment, and evacuation routes on fire evacuation efficiency, this study focuses on a university library as the research subject. A fuzzy logic algorithm is employed to analyze how psychological and behavioral traits influence initial evacuation speed during a fire. Also, fire data simulated using PyroSim software is integrated, with gas temperature, CO concentration, and visibility quantified through empirical formulas to adjust the reduction factor of evacuation speed, examining the effects of fire-generated products on evacuation performance. By incorporating fire environment factors into the heuristic function and refining pheromone update rules through iterative strategies, the ant colony algorithm is enhanced to achieve path planning. Results show that the psychological–environmental-route correction method improves evacuation efficiency by 16.2% compared to traditional methods without correction. This demonstrates that the proposed correction method can improve the efficiency of building fire evacuation and provides theoretical support and technical solutions for future library fire safety management.