Quasi-Uniform Density Non-Solid Infill Strategy for Axisymmetric Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing
Non-solid infill generation in Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing (NPAM) is still an open problem. This is due to mathematical complexities from curvature distortion, as well as bridging limitations inherent in some NPAM processes. Providing solutions to this problem may result in significant energy,...
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| Published in | Applied sciences Vol. 15; no. 11; p. 5899 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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01.06.2025
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| ISSN | 2076-3417 2076-3417 |
| DOI | 10.3390/app15115899 |
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| Abstract | Non-solid infill generation in Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing (NPAM) is still an open problem. This is due to mathematical complexities from curvature distortion, as well as bridging limitations inherent in some NPAM processes. Providing solutions to this problem may result in significant energy, build cycle time, and cost savings. In this context, the goal of this paper is to define a workflow for the generation of non-solid infill paths with quasi-uniform density within the layer. This was performed by defining the build geometry through an axisymmetric embedded map methodology, and the infill points were distributed via a geodesic repulsion energy-based algorithm. In addition to these core algorithms, several numeric optimizations were implemented to reduce runtime. The algorithm has been tested on several build platform geometries and slice polygons. The results were satisfactory, achieving a homogeneous kernel density distribution for all cases and reductions in geodesic distance standard deviations of around 70%. A first iteration of a path planning algorithm was also implemented to showcase the intended final results. This methodology is to be combined with other Design for Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing techniques to enable applications in the biomedical field, automotive and aerospace industry, or rapid mold manufacturing. |
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| AbstractList | Non-solid infill generation in Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing (NPAM) is still an open problem. This is due to mathematical complexities from curvature distortion, as well as bridging limitations inherent in some NPAM processes. Providing solutions to this problem may result in significant energy, build cycle time, and cost savings. In this context, the goal of this paper is to define a workflow for the generation of non-solid infill paths with quasi-uniform density within the layer. This was performed by defining the build geometry through an axisymmetric embedded map methodology, and the infill points were distributed via a geodesic repulsion energy-based algorithm. In addition to these core algorithms, several numeric optimizations were implemented to reduce runtime. The algorithm has been tested on several build platform geometries and slice polygons. The results were satisfactory, achieving a homogeneous kernel density distribution for all cases and reductions in geodesic distance standard deviations of around 70%. A first iteration of a path planning algorithm was also implemented to showcase the intended final results. This methodology is to be combined with other Design for Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing techniques to enable applications in the biomedical field, automotive and aerospace industry, or rapid mold manufacturing. The methodology presented in this work is to be applied in Robot-based Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing processes, with a particular interest in material extrusion and directed energy deposition processes. Non-solid infill generation in Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing (NPAM) is still an open problem. This is due to mathematical complexities from curvature distortion, as well as bridging limitations inherent in some NPAM processes. Providing solutions to this problem may result in significant energy, build cycle time, and cost savings. In this context, the goal of this paper is to define a workflow for the generation of non-solid infill paths with quasi-uniform density within the layer. This was performed by defining the build geometry through an axisymmetric embedded map methodology, and the infill points were distributed via a geodesic repulsion energy-based algorithm. In addition to these core algorithms, several numeric optimizations were implemented to reduce runtime. The algorithm has been tested on several build platform geometries and slice polygons. The results were satisfactory, achieving a homogeneous kernel density distribution for all cases and reductions in geodesic distance standard deviations of around 70%. A first iteration of a path planning algorithm was also implemented to showcase the intended final results. This methodology is to be combined with other Design for Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing techniques to enable applications in the biomedical field, automotive and aerospace industry, or rapid mold manufacturing. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Guzman-Bautista, Alvaro Vizan-Idoipe, Antonio García-Galán, Ramiro Badesa, Francisco J. Sanchez-Oro-Aguado, Elio Fernández Gorgojo, Andrea López-Arrabal, Adrián |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Alvaro orcidid: 0000-0003-0106-1086 surname: Guzman-Bautista fullname: Guzman-Bautista, Alvaro – sequence: 2 givenname: Adrián orcidid: 0000-0002-8353-5996 surname: López-Arrabal fullname: López-Arrabal, Adrián – sequence: 3 givenname: Elio surname: Sanchez-Oro-Aguado fullname: Sanchez-Oro-Aguado, Elio – sequence: 4 givenname: Andrea orcidid: 0000-0002-4582-8392 surname: Fernández Gorgojo fullname: Fernández Gorgojo, Andrea – sequence: 5 givenname: Ramiro orcidid: 0000-0002-1363-4374 surname: García-Galán fullname: García-Galán, Ramiro – sequence: 6 givenname: Francisco J. orcidid: 0000-0003-0149-6469 surname: Badesa fullname: Badesa, Francisco J. – sequence: 7 givenname: Antonio surname: Vizan-Idoipe fullname: Vizan-Idoipe, Antonio |
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| Snippet | Non-solid infill generation in Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing (NPAM) is still an open problem. This is due to mathematical complexities from curvature... The methodology presented in this work is to be applied in Robot-based Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing processes, with a particular interest in material... |
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| SubjectTerms | 3D printing Additive manufacturing Algorithms Cost control curved layer deposition Energy consumption infill strategy Mechanical properties Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing non-solid infills Ordinary differential equations path planning Robots |
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| Title | Quasi-Uniform Density Non-Solid Infill Strategy for Axisymmetric Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing |
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