ACOFuzz: An ant colony algorithm-based fuzzer for smart contracts
In today's blockchain landscape, smart contracts are assuming a pivotal role, albeit accompanied by a heightened risk of exploitation by attackers. As smart contracts grow in complexity, vulnerabilities lurking within deeper layers of code become more prevalent. Existing analysis tools primaril...
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| Published in | Blockchain. Research and applications Online Vol. 6; no. 3; p. 100279 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.09.2025
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2096-7209 2666-9536 2666-9536 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100279 |
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| Abstract | In today's blockchain landscape, smart contracts are assuming a pivotal role, albeit accompanied by a heightened risk of exploitation by attackers. As smart contracts grow in complexity, vulnerabilities lurking within deeper layers of code become more prevalent. Existing analysis tools primarily focus on data flow and a priori knowledge based on symbolic execution as a test case generation strategy, often falling short in uncovering vulnerabilities nested within intricate conditional statements. To address this challenge, we present ACOFuzz, an advanced fuzzer for Ethereum smart contracts. ACOFuzz employs the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm to traverse the control flow graph (CFG) of smart contracts, systematically exploring execution paths and generating test cases. Subsequently, it strategically directs the search towards paths that are more susceptible to vulnerabilities within the CFG, leveraging block coverage data obtained from executing the test cases. In a comprehensive evaluation, we demonstrate that ACOFuzz excels in covering a wider array of paths within a contract while exhibiting enhanced accuracy in pinpointing specific vulnerabilities compared to contemporary fuzzers. |
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| AbstractList | In today's blockchain landscape, smart contracts are assuming a pivotal role, albeit accompanied by a heightened risk of exploitation by attackers. As smart contracts grow in complexity, vulnerabilities lurking within deeper layers of code become more prevalent. Existing analysis tools primarily focus on data flow and a priori knowledge based on symbolic execution as a test case generation strategy, often falling short in uncovering vulnerabilities nested within intricate conditional statements. To address this challenge, we present ACOFuzz, an advanced fuzzer for Ethereum smart contracts. ACOFuzz employs the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm to traverse the control flow graph (CFG) of smart contracts, systematically exploring execution paths and generating test cases. Subsequently, it strategically directs the search towards paths that are more susceptible to vulnerabilities within the CFG, leveraging block coverage data obtained from executing the test cases. In a comprehensive evaluation, we demonstrate that ACOFuzz excels in covering a wider array of paths within a contract while exhibiting enhanced accuracy in pinpointing specific vulnerabilities compared to contemporary fuzzers. |
| ArticleNumber | 100279 |
| Author | Lu, Siqi Yang, Runnan Wang, Yongjuan Cao, Wenrui Feng, Peixuan Xue, Haoyuan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Peixuan orcidid: 0009-0004-6123-8036 surname: Feng fullname: Feng, Peixuan organization: Henan Key Laboratory of Network Cryptography Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Wenrui surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Wenrui organization: Henan Key Laboratory of Network Cryptography Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Siqi orcidid: 0000-0002-8593-9636 surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Siqi email: 080lusiqi@sina.com organization: Henan Key Laboratory of Network Cryptography Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Yongjuan surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yongjuan organization: Henan Key Laboratory of Network Cryptography Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Haoyuan surname: Xue fullname: Xue, Haoyuan organization: Henan Key Laboratory of Network Cryptography Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Runnan surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Runnan organization: Henan Armed Police Corps Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1109/TIFS.2023.3237370 10.1002/smr.2557 10.1109/TR.2022.3173025 10.1109/TNSE.2020.2968505 10.1007/s10664-022-10218-2 10.1016/j.infsof.2023.107213 10.1016/j.engappai.2022.104840 10.1109/TSE.2023.3317209 10.1016/j.swevo.2014.10.003 |
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| Keywords | Ant colony optimization Smart contract Test case Fuzz testing |
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| Title | ACOFuzz: An ant colony algorithm-based fuzzer for smart contracts |
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