Morpholine as ubiquitous pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry: Deep insight into the structure-activity relationship (SAR)

[Display omitted] •Morpholine is a versatile nucleus as it involved in wide range of pharmacological activities.•The present review covers synthetic medicinal chemistry, SAR and pharmacological significance of morpholine derivatives.•Various morpholine containing drugs under clinical trial having di...

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Published inBioorganic chemistry Vol. 96; p. 103578
Main Authors Kumari, Archana, Singh, Rajesh K.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.03.2020
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0045-2068
1090-2120
1090-2120
DOI10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103578

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Abstract [Display omitted] •Morpholine is a versatile nucleus as it involved in wide range of pharmacological activities.•The present review covers synthetic medicinal chemistry, SAR and pharmacological significance of morpholine derivatives.•Various morpholine containing drugs under clinical trial having different mechanism of actions are also mentioned. Morpholine is a versatile moiety, a privileged pharmacophore and an outstanding heterocyclic motif with wide ranges of pharmacological activities due to different mechanisms of action. The ability of morpholine to enhance the potency of the molecule through molecular interactions with the target protein (kinases) or to modulate the pharmacokinetic properties propelled medicinal chemists and researchers to synthesize morpholine ring by the efficient ways and to incorporate this moiety to develop various lead compounds with diverse therapeutic activities. The present review primarily focused on discussing the most promising synthetic leads containing morpholine ring along with structure–activity relationship (SAR) to reveal the active pharmacophores accountable for anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antileishmanial activity. This review outlines some of the recent effective chemical synthesis for morpholine ring. The review also highlighted the metabolic liability of some clinical drugs containing this nucleus and various researches on modified morpholine to enhance the metabolic stability of drugs as well. Drugs bearing morpholine ring and those under clinical trials are also mentioned with the role of morpholine and their mechanism of action. This review will provide the necessary knowledge base to the medicinal chemists in making strategic structural changes in designing morpholine derivatives.
AbstractList Morpholine is a versatile moiety, a privileged pharmacophore and an outstanding heterocyclic motif with wide ranges of pharmacological activities due to different mechanisms of action. The ability of morpholine to enhance the potency of the molecule through molecular interactions with the target protein (kinases) or to modulate the pharmacokinetic properties propelled medicinal chemists and researchers to synthesize morpholine ring by the efficient ways and to incorporate this moiety to develop various lead compounds with diverse therapeutic activities. The present review primarily focused on discussing the most promising synthetic leads containing morpholine ring along with structure-activity relationship (SAR) to reveal the active pharmacophores accountable for anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antileishmanial activity. This review outlines some of the recent effective chemical synthesis for morpholine ring. The review also highlighted the metabolic liability of some clinical drugs containing this nucleus and various researches on modified morpholine to enhance the metabolic stability of drugs as well. Drugs bearing morpholine ring and those under clinical trials are also mentioned with the role of morpholine and their mechanism of action. This review will provide the necessary knowledge base to the medicinal chemists in making strategic structural changes in designing morpholine derivatives.
[Display omitted] •Morpholine is a versatile nucleus as it involved in wide range of pharmacological activities.•The present review covers synthetic medicinal chemistry, SAR and pharmacological significance of morpholine derivatives.•Various morpholine containing drugs under clinical trial having different mechanism of actions are also mentioned. Morpholine is a versatile moiety, a privileged pharmacophore and an outstanding heterocyclic motif with wide ranges of pharmacological activities due to different mechanisms of action. The ability of morpholine to enhance the potency of the molecule through molecular interactions with the target protein (kinases) or to modulate the pharmacokinetic properties propelled medicinal chemists and researchers to synthesize morpholine ring by the efficient ways and to incorporate this moiety to develop various lead compounds with diverse therapeutic activities. The present review primarily focused on discussing the most promising synthetic leads containing morpholine ring along with structure–activity relationship (SAR) to reveal the active pharmacophores accountable for anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antileishmanial activity. This review outlines some of the recent effective chemical synthesis for morpholine ring. The review also highlighted the metabolic liability of some clinical drugs containing this nucleus and various researches on modified morpholine to enhance the metabolic stability of drugs as well. Drugs bearing morpholine ring and those under clinical trials are also mentioned with the role of morpholine and their mechanism of action. This review will provide the necessary knowledge base to the medicinal chemists in making strategic structural changes in designing morpholine derivatives.
Morpholine is a versatile moiety, a privileged pharmacophore and an outstanding heterocyclic motif with wide ranges of pharmacological activities due to different mechanisms of action. The ability of morpholine to enhance the potency of the molecule through molecular interactions with the target protein (kinases) or to modulate the pharmacokinetic properties propelled medicinal chemists and researchers to synthesize morpholine ring by the efficient ways and to incorporate this moiety to develop various lead compounds with diverse therapeutic activities. The present review primarily focused on discussing the most promising synthetic leads containing morpholine ring along with structure-activity relationship (SAR) to reveal the active pharmacophores accountable for anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antileishmanial activity. This review outlines some of the recent effective chemical synthesis for morpholine ring. The review also highlighted the metabolic liability of some clinical drugs containing this nucleus and various researches on modified morpholine to enhance the metabolic stability of drugs as well. Drugs bearing morpholine ring and those under clinical trials are also mentioned with the role of morpholine and their mechanism of action. This review will provide the necessary knowledge base to the medicinal chemists in making strategic structural changes in designing morpholine derivatives.Morpholine is a versatile moiety, a privileged pharmacophore and an outstanding heterocyclic motif with wide ranges of pharmacological activities due to different mechanisms of action. The ability of morpholine to enhance the potency of the molecule through molecular interactions with the target protein (kinases) or to modulate the pharmacokinetic properties propelled medicinal chemists and researchers to synthesize morpholine ring by the efficient ways and to incorporate this moiety to develop various lead compounds with diverse therapeutic activities. The present review primarily focused on discussing the most promising synthetic leads containing morpholine ring along with structure-activity relationship (SAR) to reveal the active pharmacophores accountable for anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antileishmanial activity. This review outlines some of the recent effective chemical synthesis for morpholine ring. The review also highlighted the metabolic liability of some clinical drugs containing this nucleus and various researches on modified morpholine to enhance the metabolic stability of drugs as well. Drugs bearing morpholine ring and those under clinical trials are also mentioned with the role of morpholine and their mechanism of action. This review will provide the necessary knowledge base to the medicinal chemists in making strategic structural changes in designing morpholine derivatives.
ArticleNumber 103578
Author Singh, Rajesh K.
Kumari, Archana
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Archana
  surname: Kumari
  fullname: Kumari, Archana
  organization: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rayat-Bahra Institute of Pharmacy, Dist. Hoshiarpur, 146104 Punjab, India
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Rajesh K.
  surname: Singh
  fullname: Singh, Rajesh K.
  email: rksingh244@gmail.com
  organization: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, Dist. Rupnagar, 140126 Punjab, India
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31978684$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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FLT3
Structure–activity relationship (SAR)
TFA
NF-κB
PI3K
GSK3
IC50
mTOR
NPY-Y5
CD38
WHO
DPPH
MIC
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ACP
TB
DHFR
Morpholine
HER
HIV
TNF-α
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Pharmacophore
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Snippet [Display omitted] •Morpholine is a versatile nucleus as it involved in wide range of pharmacological activities.•The present review covers synthetic medicinal...
Morpholine is a versatile moiety, a privileged pharmacophore and an outstanding heterocyclic motif with wide ranges of pharmacological activities due to...
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StartPage 103578
SubjectTerms Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Drug Design
Humans
Morpholine
Morpholines - chemistry
Morpholines - pharmacology
Pharmacokinetic
Pharmacological profile
Pharmacophore
Structure-Activity Relationship
Structure–activity relationship (SAR)
Title Morpholine as ubiquitous pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry: Deep insight into the structure-activity relationship (SAR)
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103578
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31978684
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2345507781
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