A Novel GIS-Based Approach for Automated Detection of Nearshore Sandbar Morphological Characteristics in Optical Satellite Imagery

• Published in: Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 11; p. 2233
• Main Authors: Janušaitė, Rasa, Jukna, Laurynas, Jarmalavičius, Darius, Pupienis, Donatas, Žilinskas, Gintautas
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.06.2021
• Subjects: Aerial photography; Algorithms; automated workflow; Automation; Beaches; Case studies; Coastal management; Coastal zone management; Coasts; Earth; Feasibility studies; Geographic information systems; Landsat; Landsat satellites; Monitoring systems; Morphology; nearshore morphology; Physical characteristics; planetscope; rapideye; relative bathymetric position index; Remote sensing; Sand bars; sandbar crest; Satellite imagery; Satellites; Sensors; Shorelines; Statistical analysis; Wave power; Workflow; Baltic Sea
• ISSN: 2072-4292; 2072-4292
• DOI: 10.3390/rs13112233

Satellite remote sensing is a valuable tool for coastal management, enabling the possibility to repeatedly observe nearshore sandbars. However, a lack of methodological approaches for sandbar detection prevents the wider use of satellite data in sandbar studies. In this paper, a novel fully automated approach to extract nearshore sandbars in high–medium-resolution satellite imagery using a GIS-based algorithm is proposed. The method is composed of a multi-step workflow providing a wide range of data with morphological nearshore characteristics, which include nearshore local relief, extracted sandbars, their crests and shoreline. The proposed processing chain involves a combination of spectral indices, ISODATA unsupervised classification, multi-scale Relative Bathymetric Position Index (RBPI), criteria-based selection operations, spatial statistics and filtering. The algorithm has been tested with 145 dates of PlanetScope and RapidEye imagery using a case study of the complex multiple sandbar system on the Curonian Spit coast, Baltic Sea. The comparison of results against 4 years of in situ bathymetric surveys shows a strong agreement between measured and derived sandbar crest positions (R2 = 0.999 and 0.997) with an average RMSE of 5.8 and 7 m for PlanetScope and RapidEye sensors, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed approach implies its feasibility to study inter-annual and seasonal sandbar behaviour and short-term changes related to high-impact events. Algorithm-provided outputs enable the possibility to evaluate a range of sandbar characteristics such as distance from shoreline, length, width, count or shape at a relevant spatiotemporal scale. The design of the method determines its compatibility with most sandbar morphologies and suitability to other sandy nearshores. Tests of the described technique with Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI data show that it can be applied to publicly available medium resolution satellite imagery of other sensors.