Effects of roughness on hydrodynamic characteristics of a submerged floating tunnel subject to steady currents

• Published in: Marine structures Vol. 89; p. 103405
• Main Authors: Zou, P.X., Ruiter, N., Bricker, J.D., Uijttewaal, W.S.J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2023
• Subjects: CFD; Feature importance; Hydrodynamic forces; Marine fouling; Roughness parameters; CFD; Hydrodynamic forces; Feature importance; Marine fouling; Roughness parameters
• ISSN: 0951-8339; 1873-4170; 1873-4170
• DOI: 10.1016/j.marstruc.2023.103405

The effects of surface roughness as induced by marine fouling on the hydrodynamic forces on a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) are experimentally and numerically investigated in detail at Reynolds numbers Re = 8.125 × 103–5.25 × 104. A sensitivity analysis to different roughness parameters including roughness height, skewness, coverage ratio, and spatial arrangement is performed. In addition, an optimized parametric cross-section for an SFT is proposed, and the hydrodynamic performance of the parametric shape and circular SFT cross-section shape with roughness elements is compared. The pressure distribution along the SFT, flow separation and wake characteristics are analyzed to provide a systematic insight into the fundamental mechanism relating the roughness parameters and flow around an SFT. In order to better understand the nonlinear relationships among structural geometry, roughness parameters, flow states, and structural response, an artificial intelligence method using Random Forest (RF) for feature importance ranking is applied. The results show that with the parametric shape, the hydrodynamic forces on the fouled SFT can be effectively mitigated. The roughness height and coverage ratio affect the equivalent blockage and hence, change flow separation and recirculation length in the wake. Lower skewness of the roughness elements can increase the critical Re by changing the relative roughness parameter. Horizontal arrangement of the roughness elements on an SFT generally results in the largest hydrodynamic forces, compared to staggered and vertical distributions. Throughout the feature importance ranking, the flow regime is found to be the most important feature of the hydrodynamics of the SFT. In addition, the SFT cross-section shape and roughness coverage ratio play a dominant role. •The effects of marine fouling on the hydrodynamic forces on an SFT are firstly identified.•A systematic insight into the fundamental mechanism relating roughness characteristics and flows around an SFT is provided.•The relative importance of roughness parameters for impacts on the hydrodynamic forces is ranked by using Random Forest.•The effects of roughness height, skewness, coverage ratio, and arrangement on the hydrodynamic forces are investigated.•The flow regime, cross-section shape, and roughness coverage ratio are crucial factors affecting the hydrodynamic forces.