Effect of nucleating duality on the formation of γ-phase in a β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene copolymer
BACKGROUND: It is a challenge for polymer processing to promote the formation of γ‐phase under atmospheric conditions in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) copolymer containing chain errors. Incorporation of an α‐nucleator in iPP copolymer seems reasonable since it can enhance non‐isothermal crystallizat...
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| Published in | Polymer international Vol. 57; no. 10; pp. 1128 - 1133 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Chichester, UK
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
01.10.2008
Wiley |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0959-8103 1097-0126 |
| DOI | 10.1002/pi.2454 |
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| Abstract | BACKGROUND: It is a challenge for polymer processing to promote the formation of γ‐phase under atmospheric conditions in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) copolymer containing chain errors. Incorporation of an α‐nucleator in iPP copolymer seems reasonable since it can enhance non‐isothermal crystallization. Up to now, however, the issue regarding a β‐nucleated iPP copolymer still remains unclear, which is the subject of this study.
RESULTS: The results indicate that the γ‐phase indeed occurs in a β‐nucleated random iPP copolymer with ethylene co‐unit (PPR) sample and becomes predominant at slow cooling rates (e.g. 1 °C min−1) where the formation of the β‐form is suppressed to a large extent. With detailed morphological observations the formation of γ‐phase in the β‐nucleated PPR sample at slow cooling rate is unambiguously attributed to the nucleating duality of the β‐nucleator towards α‐ and β‐polymorphs. The α‐crystals, induced by the β‐nucleator, serve as seeds for the predominant growth of the γ‐phase. Moreover, the presence of the β‐nucleator, acting as heterogeneous nuclei, promotes the formation of γ‐phase in the nucleated PPR sample, at least to some extent.
CONCLUSION: The findings in this study extend our insights into the formation of γ‐phase in β‐nucleated iPP copolymer and, most importantly, provide an alternative route to obtain iPP rich in γ‐phase. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | BACKGROUND:
It is a challenge for polymer processing to promote the formation of γ‐phase under atmospheric conditions in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) copolymer containing chain errors. Incorporation of an α‐nucleator in iPP copolymer seems reasonable since it can enhance non‐isothermal crystallization. Up to now, however, the issue regarding a β‐nucleated iPP copolymer still remains unclear, which is the subject of this study.
RESULTS:
The results indicate that the γ‐phase indeed occurs in a β‐nucleated random iPP copolymer with ethylene co‐unit (PPR) sample and becomes predominant at slow cooling rates (e.g. 1 °C min
−1
) where the formation of the β‐form is suppressed to a large extent. With detailed morphological observations the formation of γ‐phase in the β‐nucleated PPR sample at slow cooling rate is unambiguously attributed to the nucleating duality of the β‐nucleator towards α‐ and β‐polymorphs. The α‐crystals, induced by the β‐nucleator, serve as seeds for the predominant growth of the γ‐phase. Moreover, the presence of the β‐nucleator, acting as heterogeneous nuclei, promotes the formation of γ‐phase in the nucleated PPR sample, at least to some extent.
CONCLUSION:
The findings in this study extend our insights into the formation of γ‐phase in β‐nucleated iPP copolymer and, most importantly, provide an alternative route to obtain iPP rich in γ‐phase. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry It is a challenge for polymer processing to promote the formation of -phase under atmospheric conditions in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) copolymer containing chain errors. Incorporation of an -nucleator in iPP copolymer seems reasonable since it can enhance non-isothermal crystallization. Up to now, however, the issue regarding a -nucleated iPP copolymer still remains unclear, which is the subject of this study. The results indicate that the -phase indeed occurs in a -nucleated random iPP copolymer with ethylene co-unit (PPR) sample and becomes predominant at slow cooling rates (e.g. 1 deg C min-1) where the formation of the -form is suppressed to a large extent. With detailed morphological observations the formation of -phase in the -nucleated PPR sample at slow cooling rate is unambiguously attributed to the nucleating duality of the -nucleator towards - and -polymorphs. The -crystals, induced by the -nucleator, serve as seeds for the predominant growth of the -phase. Moreover, the presence of the -nucleator, acting as heterogeneous nuclei, promotes the formation of -phase in the nucleated PPR sample, at least to some extent. The findings in this study extend our insights into the formation of -phase in -nucleated iPP copolymer and, most importantly, provide an alternative route to obtain iPP rich in -phase. BACKGROUND: It is a challenge for polymer processing to promote the formation of γ‐phase under atmospheric conditions in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) copolymer containing chain errors. Incorporation of an α‐nucleator in iPP copolymer seems reasonable since it can enhance non‐isothermal crystallization. Up to now, however, the issue regarding a β‐nucleated iPP copolymer still remains unclear, which is the subject of this study. RESULTS: The results indicate that the γ‐phase indeed occurs in a β‐nucleated random iPP copolymer with ethylene co‐unit (PPR) sample and becomes predominant at slow cooling rates (e.g. 1 °C min−1) where the formation of the β‐form is suppressed to a large extent. With detailed morphological observations the formation of γ‐phase in the β‐nucleated PPR sample at slow cooling rate is unambiguously attributed to the nucleating duality of the β‐nucleator towards α‐ and β‐polymorphs. The α‐crystals, induced by the β‐nucleator, serve as seeds for the predominant growth of the γ‐phase. Moreover, the presence of the β‐nucleator, acting as heterogeneous nuclei, promotes the formation of γ‐phase in the nucleated PPR sample, at least to some extent. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study extend our insights into the formation of γ‐phase in β‐nucleated iPP copolymer and, most importantly, provide an alternative route to obtain iPP rich in γ‐phase. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry |
| Author | Chen, Rong Na, Bing Xu, Wenfei Zhao, Zunxin Yi, Yong Lv, Ruihua |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Bing surname: Na fullname: Na, Bing email: bingnash@163.com organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, People's Republic of China – sequence: 2 givenname: Ruihua surname: Lv fullname: Lv, Ruihua organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, People's Republic of China – sequence: 3 givenname: Wenfei surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Wenfei organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, People's Republic of China – sequence: 4 givenname: Rong surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Rong organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, People's Republic of China – sequence: 5 givenname: Zunxin surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Zunxin organization: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, People's Republic of China – sequence: 6 givenname: Yong surname: Yi fullname: Yi, Yong organization: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, People's Republic of China |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1021/ma00074a013 10.1021/ma070409 10.1021/ma0605907 10.1021/ma951885f 10.1021/ma062815j 10.1021/ma020648r 10.1021/ma000719r 10.1002/polb.10309 10.1016/0032-3861(71)90031-0 10.1021/ma062784s 10.1021/ma030157m 10.1016/S0032-3861(96)00894-4 10.1007/s00396-007-1669-x 10.1016/0032-3861(96)00370-9 10.1021/ma0106191 10.1021/ma981849r 10.1021/ma0710636 10.1016/0032-3861(95)91197-F 10.1021/jp067106m 10.1021/ma035295q 10.1063/1.1662331 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00404-3 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00675-3 10.1016/S1089-3156(99)00039-2 10.1016/0032-3861(85)90108-9 10.1016/S0032-3861(97)00131-6 10.1016/0032-3861(96)85852-6 10.1021/ma0358531 10.1021/ma00046a019 |
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| Keywords | Propylene copolymer Crystal form Olefin copolymer Experimental study isotactic polypropylene Dione Random copolymer Gamma form Melt crystallization Beta form γ-phase dual nucleation Isotactic polymer Ethylene copolymer β-nucleator Nucleating agent |
| Language | English |
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| References_xml | – reference: Mezghani K and Phillips PJ, Polymer 38: 5725 (1997). – reference: Lezak E, Bartczak Z and Galeski A, Macromolecules 39: 4811 (2006). – reference: Hosier IL, Alamo RG, Esteso P, Isasi JR and Mandelkern L, Macromolecules 36: 5623 (2003). – reference: Thomann R, Semke H, Maier RD, Thomann Y, Scherble J, Mülhaupt R, et al, Polymer 42: 4597 (2001). – reference: Norton DR and Keller A, Polymer 26: 704 (1985). – reference: Auriemma F and De Rosa C, Macromolecules 35: 9057 (2002). – reference: Huo H, Jiang S, An L and Feng J, Macromolecules 37: 2478 (2004). – reference: Lotz B, Wittmann JC and Lovinger AJ, Polymer 37: 4979 (1996). – reference: Hirose M, Yamamoto T and Naiki M, Comput Theor Polym Sci 10: 345 (2000). – reference: Busse K, Kressler J, Maier R and Scherble J, Macromolecules 33: 8775 (2000). – reference: Yamamoto Y, Inoue Y, Onai T, Doshu C, Takahashi H and Uehara H, Macromolecules 40: 2745 (2007). – reference: Ferro DR, Brückner S, Meille SV and 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| Snippet | BACKGROUND: It is a challenge for polymer processing to promote the formation of γ‐phase under atmospheric conditions in isotactic polypropylene (iPP)... BACKGROUND: It is a challenge for polymer processing to promote the formation of γ‐phase under atmospheric conditions in isotactic polypropylene (iPP)... It is a challenge for polymer processing to promote the formation of -phase under atmospheric conditions in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) copolymer containing... |
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| SubjectTerms | Applied sciences Crystallization dual nucleation Exact sciences and technology isotactic polypropylene Organic polymers Physicochemistry of polymers Properties and characterization β-nucleator γ-phase |
| Title | Effect of nucleating duality on the formation of γ-phase in a β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene copolymer |
| URI | https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-66PVTZ32-C/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fpi.2454 https://www.proquest.com/docview/34169027 |
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