Simulated Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization for High-Efficiency Power Amplifier Design

In this article, a method for design automation high-efficiency power amplifiers (PAs) based on an optimization-oriented is proposed. The advantages of using particle swarm optimization to design PAs in electronic design automatic tools are analyzed, and then, simulated annealing is combined to form...

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Published inIEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques Vol. 69; no. 5; pp. 2494 - 2505
Main Authors Li, Chuan, You, Fei, Yao, Tingting, Wang, Jinchen, Shi, Wen, Peng, Jun, He, Songbai
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York IEEE 01.05.2021
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Algorithms
Amplifier design
Automated design
Broadband
Broadband communication
Design optimization
Efficiency
Elastic scattering
Energy consumption
Frequencies
Harmonic analysis
high efficiency
Inelastic collisions
Kinetic energy
Optimization
Particle swarm optimization
power amplifier (PA)
Power amplifiers
Power generation
Power system harmonics
Simulated annealing
simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SA-PSO)
Simulation
triband
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0018-9480
1557-9670
DOI10.1109/TMTT.2021.3061547

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Abstract In this article, a method for design automation high-efficiency power amplifiers (PAs) based on an optimization-oriented is proposed. The advantages of using particle swarm optimization to design PAs in electronic design automatic tools are analyzed, and then, simulated annealing is combined to form simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SA-PSO). In this article, the perfectly inelastic collision used in conventional PSO is replaced by the perfectly elastic collision to improve the searching ability through reducing kinetic energy consumption. A stepped fitness function is defined to avoid the performance pit at a single-frequency point, and the concept "missing and returning" is introduced to solve the nonconvergence problem in simulation. Based on the improved SA-PSO algorithm, a broadband 10 W and a triband 6-W PA are designed. The broadband 10-W PA achieves an average drain efficiency (DE) of 62.5% and an output power of 41.2 dBm in the 0.8-3-GHz frequency band, respectively; the triband 6-W PA achieves an average of 57.4%/47.9%/47.3% DE and 37.7-/38.3-/37.4 dBm output power in 3.35-3.55-/5.75-5.95-/7.65-7.95-GHz frequency bands, respectively, while the gains of most stopbands reach less than 0 dB. With digital predistortion technology, the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) can reach less than −45 dBc.
AbstractList In this article, a method for design automation high-efficiency power amplifiers (PAs) based on an optimization-oriented is proposed. The advantages of using particle swarm optimization to design PAs in electronic design automatic tools are analyzed, and then, simulated annealing is combined to form simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SA-PSO). In this article, the perfectly inelastic collision used in conventional PSO is replaced by the perfectly elastic collision to improve the searching ability through reducing kinetic energy consumption. A stepped fitness function is defined to avoid the performance pit at a single-frequency point, and the concept “missing and returning” is introduced to solve the nonconvergence problem in simulation. Based on the improved SA-PSO algorithm, a broadband 10 W and a triband 6-W PA are designed. The broadband 10-W PA achieves an average drain efficiency (DE) of 62.5% and an output power of 41.2 dBm in the 0.8–3-GHz frequency band, respectively; the triband 6-W PA achieves an average of 57.4%/47.9%/47.3% DE and 37.7-/38.3-/37.4 dBm output power in 3.35–3.55-/5.75–5.95-/7.65–7.95-GHz frequency bands, respectively, while the gains of most stopbands reach less than 0 dB. With digital predistortion technology, the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) can reach less than −45 dBc.
Author Wang, Jinchen
Peng, Jun
Li, Chuan
He, Songbai
You, Fei
Shi, Wen
Yao, Tingting
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SubjectTerms Algorithms
Amplifier design
Automated design
Broadband
Broadband communication
Design optimization
Efficiency
Elastic scattering
Energy consumption
Frequencies
Harmonic analysis
high efficiency
Inelastic collisions
Kinetic energy
Optimization
Particle swarm optimization
power amplifier (PA)
Power amplifiers
Power generation
Power system harmonics
Simulated annealing
simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SA-PSO)
Simulation
triband
Title Simulated Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization for High-Efficiency Power Amplifier Design
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