Real-Time Adaptive VVO/CVR Topology Using Multi-Agent System and IEC 61850-Based Communication Protocol

This paper proposes a new approach for real-time and adaptive Volt/VAr optimization (VVO)/conservation voltage reduction (CVR) system using Intelligent Agents, communicating through IEC 61850 Goose Messaging Protocol. The paper also proposes new real-time adaptive VVO/CVR algorithms tailored for dif...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE transactions on sustainable energy Vol. 5; no. 2; pp. 587 - 597
Main Authors Manbachi, Moein, Nasri, Maryam, Shahabi, Babak, Farhangi, Hassan, Palizban, Ali, Arzanpour, Siamak, Moallem, Mehrdad, Lee, Daniel C.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Piscataway IEEE 01.04.2014
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1949-3029
1949-3037
DOI10.1109/TSTE.2013.2278540

Cover

Abstract This paper proposes a new approach for real-time and adaptive Volt/VAr optimization (VVO)/conservation voltage reduction (CVR) system using Intelligent Agents, communicating through IEC 61850 Goose Messaging Protocol. The paper also proposes new real-time adaptive VVO/CVR algorithms tailored for different service level targets and system topologies. The paper argues that each of these variations requires different Intelligent Agent Systems, data structures, and communication requirements. To test the applicability of the VVO/CVR optimization engine, a modified IEEE 34 Node system is used as case study.
AbstractList This paper proposes a new approach for real-time and adaptive Volt/VAr optimization (VVO)/conservation voltage reduction (CVR) system using Intelligent Agents, communicating through IEC 61850 Goose Messaging Protocol. The paper also proposes new real-time adaptive VVO/CVR algorithms tailored for different service level targets and system topologies. The paper argues that each of these variations requires different Intelligent Agent Systems, data structures, and communication requirements. To test the applicability of the VVO/CVR optimization engine, a modified IEEE 34 Node system is used as case study.
Author Farhangi, Hassan
Manbachi, Moein
Shahabi, Babak
Nasri, Maryam
Arzanpour, Siamak
Lee, Daniel C.
Palizban, Ali
Moallem, Mehrdad
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Moein
  surname: Manbachi
  fullname: Manbachi, Moein
  email: mmanbach@sfu.ca
  organization: School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Canada
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Maryam
  surname: Nasri
  fullname: Nasri, Maryam
  email: maryam_nasri@sfu.ca
  organization: School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Canada
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Babak
  surname: Shahabi
  fullname: Shahabi, Babak
  email: bshahabi@sfu.ca
  organization: School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Canada
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Hassan
  surname: Farhangi
  fullname: Farhangi, Hassan
  email: Hassan_Farhangi@bcit.ca
  organization: British Columbia Institute of Technology, Canada
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Ali
  surname: Palizban
  fullname: Palizban, Ali
  email: Ali_Palizban@bcit.ca
  organization: British Columbia Institute of Technology, Canada
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Siamak
  surname: Arzanpour
  fullname: Arzanpour, Siamak
  email: arzanpour@sfu.ca
  organization: School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Canada
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Mehrdad
  surname: Moallem
  fullname: Moallem, Mehrdad
  email: mmoallem@sfu.ca
  organization: School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Canada
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Daniel C.
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Daniel C.
  email: dchlee@sfu.ca
  organization: School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Canada
BookMark eNqNkU1LxDAQhoMo-PkDxEvAi5eu-Wja5riW9QMUReteS5pOl0ibrE0q7L-3dcWDB3Eu8x6ed5iZ9xDtWmcBoVNKZpQSeVm8FIsZI5TPGEszEZMddEBlLCNOeLr7o5ncRyfev5GxOOcJJwdo9QyqjQrTAZ7Xah3MB-Dl8vEyXz7jwq1d61Yb_OqNXeGHoQ0mmq_ABvyy8QE6rGyN7xY5TmgmSHSlPNQ4d103WKNVMM7ip94Fp117jPYa1Xo4-e5H6PV6UeS30f3jzV0-v480FzJEMVFSk6pOMqLHpSsa03TUnAEkUAGrtNagqaxEXGuo4kxwEKzJZNrUtFGMH6GL7dx1794H8KHsjNfQtsqCG3w5Lip4QgSJ_4HylDOesgk9_4W-uaG34yETReIkzeREpVtK9877HppSm_D1htAr05aUlFNc5RRXOcVVfsc1Oukv57o3neo3f3rOth4DAD98kjAiBeWfrdmfwQ
CODEN ITSEAJ
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scs_2015_06_004
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3037143
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42835_019_00104_1
crossref_primary_10_1109_TII_2016_2569586
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rser_2021_111352
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scs_2016_09_014
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSTE_2022_3149267
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2016_01_084
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2018_2887080
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2019_0214
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2023_3236951
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ref_2024_100580
crossref_primary_10_1109_CJECE_2015_2493506
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2018_07_092
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_segan_2019_100222
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00202_022_01632_2
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2020_2992985
crossref_primary_10_1177_0309524X241263518
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2016_04_083
crossref_primary_10_1002_2050_7038_12224
crossref_primary_10_1109_TEC_2018_2877750
crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics10091031
crossref_primary_10_3390_en9090666
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2021_3113038
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2014_2304641
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2015_07_030
crossref_primary_10_1080_15325008_2018_1511004
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2018_5262
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2021_3112340
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2021_3057656
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2020_106421
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_segan_2017_03_006
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2929577
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egyr_2024_11_001
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSTE_2019_2897333
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2025_3538526
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ifacol_2018_11_685
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ifacol_2018_11_743
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2018_07_036
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2018_5746
Cites_doi 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2033276
10.1109/TIE.2011.2143374
10.1109/TIA.2010.2101993
10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638876
10.1109/PSCE.2009.4840000
10.1109/ECTICON.2009.5137000
10.1109/ICPE.2011.5944499
10.1109/TPWRS.2007.908471
10.1109/PES.2010.5589858
10.1109/MPOT.2009.935612
10.1109/ISPLC.2011.5764382
10.1109/TIE.2011.2167891
10.1109/PES.2011.6039702
10.1109/ISPLC.2011.5764442
10.1109/PES.2010.5589850
10.1016/j.epsr.2005.12.017
10.1109/PSCE.2009.4840211
10.1109/MPE.2009.934876
10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2042734
10.1109/PES.2011.6039253
10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638968
10.3390/en3091622
10.1049/cp.2009.0930
10.1109/ISGT.2012.6175669
10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441652
10.1109/ACC.2011.5991606
10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638859
10.1109/PSCE.2009.4839947
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162828
10.1109/JPROC.2011.2109670
10.1109/PES.2010.5589762
10.1109/PES.2008.4596511
10.1109/TIE.2010.2066534
10.1109/PES.2011.6039676
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2014
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2014
DBID 97E
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
7ST
7TB
8FD
C1K
FR3
H8D
KR7
L7M
SOI
DOI 10.1109/TSTE.2013.2278540
DatabaseName IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
CrossRef
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Environment Abstracts
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
Engineering Research Database
Aerospace Database
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Environment Abstracts
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Aerospace Database
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
Environment Abstracts
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
DatabaseTitleList Environment Abstracts

Aerospace Database
Aerospace Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1949-3037
EndPage 597
ExternalDocumentID 4221131851
10_1109_TSTE_2013_2278540
6620951
Genre orig-research
GroupedDBID 0R~
4.4
5VS
6IK
97E
AAJGR
AARMG
AASAJ
AAWTH
ABAZT
ABQJQ
ABVLG
ACIWK
AENEX
AFRAH
AGQYO
AGSQL
AHBIQ
AKJIK
AKQYR
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ATWAV
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
EBS
EJD
HZ~
IFIPE
IPLJI
JAVBF
M43
O9-
OCL
P2P
RIA
RIE
RNS
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
7ST
7TB
8FD
C1K
FR3
H8D
KR7
L7M
RIG
SOI
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c359t-40a9c0bd680c949b141768032ee6ebe2bcccec19b54dceb4853e52f897fd1fa23
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISSN 1949-3029
IngestDate Sun Sep 28 00:51:53 EDT 2025
Tue Oct 07 07:59:01 EDT 2025
Mon Jun 30 08:36:53 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:12:14 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 02:35:46 EDT 2025
Wed Aug 27 02:49:41 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2
Language English
License https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c359t-40a9c0bd680c949b141768032ee6ebe2bcccec19b54dceb4853e52f897fd1fa23
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
PQID 1830467894
PQPubID 2040348
PageCount 11
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_1855360504
proquest_miscellaneous_1837323724
crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TSTE_2013_2278540
ieee_primary_6620951
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSTE_2013_2278540
proquest_journals_1830467894
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2014-04-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2014-04-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 04
  year: 2014
  text: 2014-04-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Piscataway
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Piscataway
PublicationTitle IEEE transactions on sustainable energy
PublicationTitleAbbrev TSTE
PublicationYear 2014
Publisher IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
– name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References ref35
ref34
ref12
ref15
ref14
ref31
ref30
ref33
serra (ref47) 2007
ref32
ref10
(ref37) 0
jauch (ref13) 2009
farhangi (ref2) 2008
ref39
ref16
ref19
ref18
(ref20) 2011
ref46
ref24
wooldridge (ref40) 2009
ref45
ref23
ref26
ref25
ref42
ref41
ref44
ref21
(ref36) 0
(ref38) 1983
dabic (ref17) 2010
ref28
ref27
ref29
ref8
ref7
ref9
farhangi (ref1) 2011
ref4
auchariyamet (ref11) 2010
ref3
ref6
ref5
diaz (ref22) 2010; 18
atalla (ref43) 2008
hou (ref48) 2008
References_xml – ident: ref9
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2033276
– ident: ref24
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2011.2143374
– year: 2011
  ident: ref20
  article-title: EPRI Smart Grid Demonstration Update
  publication-title: EPRI Progress Rep
– ident: ref16
  doi: 10.1109/TIA.2010.2101993
– year: 2008
  ident: ref48
  publication-title: ?IEC61850?What it can and cannot offer to traditional protection schemes ?
– ident: ref41
  doi: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638876
– ident: ref23
  doi: 10.1109/PSCE.2009.4840000
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.1109/ECTICON.2009.5137000
– volume: 18
  start-page: 144
  year: 2010
  ident: ref22
  article-title: Feeder reconfiguration and capacitor placement in distribution systems: An approach for simultaneous solution using a genetic algorithm
  publication-title: Ing Rev Ing J
– ident: ref35
  doi: 10.1109/ICPE.2011.5944499
– ident: ref39
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2007.908471
– year: 0
  ident: ref37
  article-title: Electrical Power Systems and Equipment?Voltage Ratings
– ident: ref12
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2010.5589858
– ident: ref19
  doi: 10.1109/MPOT.2009.935612
– year: 2008
  ident: ref2
  article-title: Intelligent microgrid research at BCIT
  publication-title: Proc IEEE Electric Power Conf (EPEC?08)
– ident: ref45
  doi: 10.1109/ISPLC.2011.5764382
– ident: ref42
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2011.2167891
– ident: ref10
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2011.6039702
– year: 2010
  ident: ref11
  article-title: Optimal daily coordination of Volt/VAr control devices in distribution systems with distributed generators
  publication-title: Proc 45th Universities Power Eng Conf (UPEC)
– ident: ref46
  doi: 10.1109/ISPLC.2011.5764442
– year: 0
  ident: ref36
  publication-title: Distribution System Analysis Subcommittee IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2010.5589850
– ident: ref5
  doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2005.12.017
– ident: ref7
  doi: 10.1109/PSCE.2009.4840211
– ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1109/MPE.2009.934876
– ident: ref6
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2042734
– ident: ref14
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2011.6039253
– year: 2009
  ident: ref40
  publication-title: An Introduction to Multi Agent Systems
– ident: ref33
  doi: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638968
– year: 2009
  ident: ref13
  article-title: Volt/Var management? An essential ?SMART? function
  publication-title: Proc IEEE PES Power System Conf Exposition (PSCE09) IEEE PES
– ident: ref28
  doi: 10.3390/en3091622
– ident: ref29
  doi: 10.1049/cp.2009.0930
– year: 2011
  ident: ref1
  article-title: Campus based smart microgrid at British Columbia Institute of Technology in Vancouver, Canada
  publication-title: presented at the 2011 Cigr Int Symp
– ident: ref34
  doi: 10.1109/ISGT.2012.6175669
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441652
– ident: ref21
  doi: 10.1109/ACC.2011.5991606
– ident: ref26
  doi: 10.1109/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638859
– ident: ref31
  doi: 10.1109/PSCE.2009.4839947
– ident: ref30
  doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162828
– year: 2010
  ident: ref17
  publication-title: 2010 IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition
– year: 2008
  ident: ref43
  article-title: A multi agent system for integrated control & asset management of petroleum production facilities
  publication-title: Proc IEEE Int Conf Intelligent Control (ISIC 2008)
– ident: ref44
  doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2011.2109670
– ident: ref25
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2010.5589762
– year: 1983
  ident: ref38
  article-title: CAN3-C235-83?Preferred voltage levels for AC systems, 0 to 50 000 V
– ident: ref27
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2008.4596511
– ident: ref32
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2066534
– year: 2007
  ident: ref47
  article-title: Using IEC 61850 for tele-protection
  publication-title: Proc 19th Int Conf Electricity Distribution (Cired)
– ident: ref18
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2011.6039676
SSID ssj0000333630
Score 2.2892888
Snippet This paper proposes a new approach for real-time and adaptive Volt/VAr optimization (VVO)/conservation voltage reduction (CVR) system using Intelligent Agents,...
SourceID proquest
crossref
ieee
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 587
SubjectTerms Adaptive algorithms
Adaptive systems
Aquatic birds
Communication systems
Conservation voltage reduction (CVR)
IEC 61850
IEC standards
Intelligent agents
Optimization
power line communication (PLC)
Reactive power
Real time
real-time simulation
Real-time systems
smart grid
Smart grids
Topology
Volt/VAr optimization (VVO)
Title Real-Time Adaptive VVO/CVR Topology Using Multi-Agent System and IEC 61850-Based Communication Protocol
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6620951
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1830467894
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1837323724
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1855360504
Volume 5
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVIEE
  databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1949-3037
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000333630
  issn: 1949-3029
  databaseCode: RIE
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  providerName: IEEE
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1NT9wwEB0Bp_bQlkLVbWnlSj0hsuvYiRMft6tFUIkWwbLiFvmTAyhBNHtof33HTjaiBSFukTJJrDzbM-OZNwPwNUu9Nd7liTfUJ5nVRaJzEwpBMrReldayCNzhkx_i6CL7fplfbsDBwIVxzsXkMzcOlzGWbxuzCkdlEyFYsAg2YbMoRcfVGs5TKOdcxNYi6JaHcD6TfRAzpXKyOF_MQx4XHwfqZzzquKeGYl-VB5tx1DCHr-FkPbYuseR6vGr12Pz5r2zjcwf_Bl71piaZdnNjGzZc_RZe3itAuANXZ2gnJoEGQqZW3YatjyyXPyez5RlZdO0TfpOYVUAiUzeZBiYW6cqcE1VbcjyfEYHamCbfUB9a8g_hhJzeNW2DU20XLg7ni9lR0rdeSAzPZYtepZKGaitKavB36jRL0S-hnDknEHamjTHOpFLnmTVOZ6j0Xc58KQtvU68YfwdbdVO790BCgTRv8LUGwWdelMqkmpVWaamtEtkI6BqJyvR1yUN7jJsq-idUVgG8KoBX9eCNYH945LYryvGU8E4AYxDscRjB3hruql-2vyrc3yhqjlLiqL4Mt3HBhSiKql2zijIFZ7xgT8rkOUdHkWYfHv_6R3iBY-xTgPZgq71buU9o3bT6c5zWfwH1qPUm
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9QwELZKOUAPvArqQgEjcUJk1_Er8XG72moL3YJKuuotil8cWiVVyR7g1zN2slELqOIWKZPEymd7ZjzzzSD0nqfeGu9E4g3xCbc6S7QwoRAkBeu10lplgTu8PJGLM_7pXJxvoY8DF8Y5F5PP3Dhcxli-bcw6HJVNpKTBIriH7gvOuejYWsOJCmGMydhcBBzzENCnqg9jpkRNim_FPGRysXEgf8bDjhuKKHZW-Ws7jjrm8DFabkbXpZZcjNetHptffxRu_N_hP0GPemMTT7vZ8RRtufoZ2rlRgnAXfT8FSzEJRBA8tdVV2PzwavVlMlud4qJroPATx7wCHLm6yTRwsXBX6BxXtcVH8xmWoI9JcgAa0eJblBP89bppG5hsz9HZ4byYLZK--UJimFAt-JWVMkRbmRMDv1OnPAXPhDDqnATgqTbGOJMqLbg1TnNQ-05Qn6vM29RXlL1A23VTuz2EQ4k0b-C1BuCnXuaVSTXNbaWVtpXkI0Q2SJSmr0weGmRcltFDIaoM4JUBvLIHb4Q-DI9cdWU57hLeDWAMgj0OI7S_gbvsF-6PEnY4ArojVzCqd8NtWHIhjlLVrllHmYxRltE7ZYRg4CoS_vLfX3-LHiyK5XF5fHTy-RV6COPtE4L20XZ7vXavwdZp9Zs4xX8D8Kv4cw
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Real-Time+Adaptive+VVO%2FCVR+Topology+Using+Multi-Agent+System+and+IEC+61850-Based+Communication+Protocol&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+sustainable+energy&rft.au=Manbachi%2C+Moein&rft.au=Nasri%2C+Maryam&rft.au=Shahabi%2C+Babak&rft.au=Farhangi%2C+Hassan&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.issn=1949-3029&rft.eissn=1949-3037&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=587&rft.epage=597&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTSTE.2013.2278540&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_TSTE_2013_2278540
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1949-3029&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1949-3029&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1949-3029&client=summon