Beamforming Algorithm Based on the Orthogonal Phase Bases with Trigonometric Estimation for Microwave Power Transfer Systems
Microwave power transfer (MPT) has been widely studied, as sensors or mobile/wearable devices have been used, especially for IoT applications. A beamforming algorithm is essential and important for both the performance and the system complexity of MPT systems. In this paper, a beamforming algorithm...
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| Published in | IEEE access Vol. 10; p. 1 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Piscataway
IEEE
01.01.2022
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2169-3536 2169-3536 |
| DOI | 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3225641 |
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| Abstract | Microwave power transfer (MPT) has been widely studied, as sensors or mobile/wearable devices have been used, especially for IoT applications. A beamforming algorithm is essential and important for both the performance and the system complexity of MPT systems. In this paper, a beamforming algorithm that requires only 3 N -2 transmission sequences for the Tx array with N elements to estimate the optimum set of the transmission phases is proposed. The proposed algorithm is simply based on trigonometric calculations, and can be directly applied to an MPT system without element calibration. Calculation of the optimum phase set of the Tx only requires the information of the received power level from the Rx. Since simultaneous phase shifting of the multiple elements is performed during the power transmission sequence, it can have a relatively high Rx SNR, compared to the methods based on phase shifting of only one element at each sequence. In addition, optimum transmission phase sets for multiple Rx's can be obtained from a beamforming procedure using the proposed algorithm, if the received power levels from the multiple Rx's are collected. For verification of the proposed algorithm, a 5.2 GHz 8×4 Tx array having an output power of 0.5 W per Tx element was implemented. Beamforming experiment was performed using the proposed algorithm. A received power of 45 mW at 2 m distance was achieved, which is very close to the simulated value. |
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| AbstractList | Microwave power transfer (MPT) has been widely studied, as sensors or mobile/wearable devices have been used, especially for IoT applications. A beamforming algorithm is essential and important for both the performance and the system complexity of MPT systems. In this paper, a beamforming algorithm that requires only 3 <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}-2$ </tex-math> transmission sequences for the Tx array with <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math> elements to estimate the optimum set of the transmission phases is proposed. The proposed algorithm is simply based on trigonometric calculations, and can be directly applied to an MPT system without element calibration. Calculation of the optimum phase set of the Tx only requires the information of the received power level from the Rx. Since simultaneous phase shifting of the multiple elements is performed during the power transmission sequence, it can have a relatively high Rx SNR, compared to the methods based on phase shifting of only one element at each sequence. In addition, optimum transmission phase sets for multiple Rx’s can be obtained from a beamforming procedure using the proposed algorithm, if the received power levels from the multiple Rx’s are collected. For verification of the proposed algorithm, a 5.2 GHz <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 4$ </tex-math> Tx array having an output power of 0.5 W per Tx element was implemented. Beamforming experiment was performed using the proposed algorithm. A received power of 45 mW at 2 m distance was achieved, which is very close to the simulated value. Microwave power transfer (MPT) has been widely studied, as sensors or mobile/wearable devices have been used, especially for IoT applications. A beamforming algorithm is essential and important for both the performance and the system complexity of MPT systems. In this paper, a beamforming algorithm that requires only 3[Formula Omitted] transmission sequences for the Tx array with [Formula Omitted] elements to estimate the optimum set of the transmission phases is proposed. The proposed algorithm is simply based on trigonometric calculations, and can be directly applied to an MPT system without element calibration. Calculation of the optimum phase set of the Tx only requires the information of the received power level from the Rx. Since simultaneous phase shifting of the multiple elements is performed during the power transmission sequence, it can have a relatively high Rx SNR, compared to the methods based on phase shifting of only one element at each sequence. In addition, optimum transmission phase sets for multiple Rx’s can be obtained from a beamforming procedure using the proposed algorithm, if the received power levels from the multiple Rx’s are collected. For verification of the proposed algorithm, a 5.2 GHz [Formula Omitted] Tx array having an output power of 0.5 W per Tx element was implemented. Beamforming experiment was performed using the proposed algorithm. A received power of 45 mW at 2 m distance was achieved, which is very close to the simulated value. Microwave power transfer (MPT) has been widely studied, as sensors or mobile/wearable devices have been used, especially for IoT applications. A beamforming algorithm is essential and important for both the performance and the system complexity of MPT systems. In this paper, a beamforming algorithm that requires only 3 N -2 transmission sequences for the Tx array with N elements to estimate the optimum set of the transmission phases is proposed. The proposed algorithm is simply based on trigonometric calculations, and can be directly applied to an MPT system without element calibration. Calculation of the optimum phase set of the Tx only requires the information of the received power level from the Rx. Since simultaneous phase shifting of the multiple elements is performed during the power transmission sequence, it can have a relatively high Rx SNR, compared to the methods based on phase shifting of only one element at each sequence. In addition, optimum transmission phase sets for multiple Rx's can be obtained from a beamforming procedure using the proposed algorithm, if the received power levels from the multiple Rx's are collected. For verification of the proposed algorithm, a 5.2 GHz 8×4 Tx array having an output power of 0.5 W per Tx element was implemented. Beamforming experiment was performed using the proposed algorithm. A received power of 45 mW at 2 m distance was achieved, which is very close to the simulated value. |
| Author | Hwang, Keum cheol Oh, Hansik Koo, Hyungmo Choi, Woojin Shin, Jaekyung Lee, Kang-Yoon Yang, Youngoo Lim, Hongjun Bin, Soohyun |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Array signal processing Arrays Beamforming beamforming algorithm channel estimation Electronic devices Finite element analysis Mathematical analysis Microwave power transfer Phase measurement phased array calibration Phased arrays Power measurement Power transfer Rotation measurement Signal to noise ratio Wearable technology |
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| Title | Beamforming Algorithm Based on the Orthogonal Phase Bases with Trigonometric Estimation for Microwave Power Transfer Systems |
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