Active earth pressure for subgrade retaining walls in cohesive backfills with tensile strength cut-off subjected to seepage effects
The commonly used Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure condition has a limitation that it overestimates the tensile strength of cohesive soils. To overcome this limitation, the tensile strength cut-off was applied where the predicted tensile strength is reduced or eliminated. This work then presented a kinema...
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| Published in | Journal of Central South University Vol. 27; no. 7; pp. 2148 - 2159 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Changsha
Central South University
01.07.2020
Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2095-2899 2227-5223 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11771-020-4437-4 |
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| Abstract | The commonly used Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure condition has a limitation that it overestimates the tensile strength of cohesive soils. To overcome this limitation, the tensile strength cut-off was applied where the predicted tensile strength is reduced or eliminated. This work then presented a kinematical approach to evaluate the active earth pressure on subgrade retaining walls in cohesive backfills with saturated seepage effects. An effective rotational failure mechanism was constructed assuming an associative flow rule. The impact of seepage forces, whose distribution is described by a closed-form solution, was incorporated into the analysis. The thrust of active earth pressure was derived from the energy conservation equation, and an optimization program was then coded to obtain the most critical solution. Several sets of charts were produced to perform a parameter analysis. The results show that taking soil cohesion into account has a distinct beneficial influence on the stability of retaining walls, while seepage forces have an adverse effect. The active earth pressure increases when tensile strength cut-off is considered, and this increment is more noticeable under larger cohesion. |
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| AbstractList | The commonly used Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure condition has a limitation that it overestimates the tensile strength of cohesive soils. To overcome this limitation, the tensile strength cut-off was applied where the predicted tensile strength is reduced or eliminated. This work then presented a kinematical approach to evaluate the active earth pressure on subgrade retaining walls in cohesive backfills with saturated seepage effects. An effective rotational failure mechanism was constructed assuming an associative flow rule. The impact of seepage forces, whose distribution is described by a closed-form solution, was incorporated into the analysis. The thrust of active earth pressure was derived from the energy conservation equation, and an optimization program was then coded to obtain the most critical solution. Several sets of charts were produced to perform a parameter analysis. The results show that taking soil cohesion into account has a distinct beneficial influence on the stability of retaining walls, while seepage forces have an adverse effect. The active earth pressure increases when tensile strength cut-off is considered, and this increment is more noticeable under larger cohesion. |
| Author | Wang, Cheng-yang Li, Huan Fu, He-lin |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: He-lin surname: Fu fullname: Fu, He-lin organization: School of Civil Engineering, Central South University – sequence: 2 givenname: Cheng-yang orcidid: 0000-0001-8956-0829 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Cheng-yang email: wangchengy@csu.edu.cn organization: School of Civil Engineering, Central South University – sequence: 3 givenname: Huan surname: Li fullname: Li, Huan organization: Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hongkong |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.tust.2011.05.008 10.1139/T09-038 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105450 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.08.004 10.1016/j.tust.2011.04.002 10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103236 10.1680/geot.2003.53.7.643 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001471 10.1007/s11771-019-4127-2 10.1680/geot.2006.56.3.159 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.03.002 10.1090/qam/48291 10.1139/cgj-2012-0448 10.1680/jgeot.16.P.037 10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.05.005 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001635 10.1139/t2012-020 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.06.010 10.1680/geot.2006.56.3.149 10.1007/s00603-009-0044-2 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.02.014 10.1007/s12205-017-0619-5 10.1139/t06-042 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000913 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001039 10.1115/1.3641665 10.12989/gae.2020.20.1.043 10.1016/j.tust.2019.103138 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2011.04.003 10.1007/s11771-017-3617-3 10.1155/2019/2145616 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.09.018 10.1002/nag.2528 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001356 10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.02.023 10.12989/gae.2019.17.6.515 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020. |
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| Issue | 7 |
| Keywords | 抗拉强度截断 subgrade retaining wall 渗流效应 路基挡土墙 seepage effect active earth pressure tensile strength cut-off 主动土压力 |
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| References | LiT ZYangX LStability of plane strain tunnel headings in soils with tensile strength cut-off [J]Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology20209510313810.1016/j.tust.2019.103138 VahedifardFLeshchinskyB AMortezaeiKLuNActive earth pressures for unsaturated retaining structures [J]Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering2015141110401504810.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001356 ZhangBMaZ YWangXZhangJ SPengW QReliability analysis of anti-seismic stability of 3D pressurized tunnel faces by response surfaces method [J]Geomechanics and Engineering20202014354 LiZ WYangX LActive earth pressure from unsaturated soils with different water levels [J]International Journal of Geomechanics20181970601901310.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001471 ZhangJ HZhangBReliability analysis for seismic stability of tunnel faces in soft rock masses based on a 3D stochastic collapse model [J]Journal of Central South University20192671706171810.1007/s11771-019-4127-2 ViratjandrCMichalowskiR LLimit analysis of submerged slopes subjected to water drawdown [J]Canadian Geotechnical Journal200643880281410.1139/t06-042 ChenW FLimit analysis and soil plasticity [M]1975AmsterdamElsevier0354.73033 PanQ JDiasDThe effect of pore water pressure on tunnel face stability [J]International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics201640152123213610.1002/nag.2528 ZhangD BZhangBStability analysis of the pressurized 3D tunnel face in anisotropic and nonhomogeneous soils [J]International Journal of Geomechanics20202040402001810.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001635 AndersonD GMartinG RLamI PWangJ NSeismic analysis and design of retaining walls, buried structures, slopes, and embankments [M]2008Washington, DCThe National Academies Press MichalowskiR LStability of intact slopes with tensile strength cut-off [J]Géotechnique201767872072710.1680/jgeot.16.P.037 AbdA HUtiliSDesign of geosynthetic-reinforced slopes in cohesive backfills [J]Geotextiles and Geomembranes201745662764110.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.08.004 HuangFZhangMWangFLingT HYangX LThe failure mechanism of surrounding rock around an existing shield tunnel induced by an adjacent excavation [J]Computers and Geotechnics202011710323610.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103236 ParkDMichalowskiR LThree-dimensional stability analysis of slopes in hard soil/soft rock with tensile strength cut-off [J]Engineering Geology2017229738410.1016/j.enggeo.2017.09.018 YangX LYinJ HUpper bound solution for ultimate bearing capacity with a modified Hoek-Brown failure criterion [J]International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences200542455056010.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.03.002 BarrosP L ASantosP JCoefficients of active earth pressure with seepage effect [J]Canadian Geotechnical Journal201249665165810.1139/t2012-020 YangX LHuangFThree-dimensional failure mechanism of a rectangular cavity in a Hoek-Brown rock medium [J]International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences20136118919510.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.02.014 HuangFYangX LUpper bound limit analysis of collapse shape for circular tunnel subjected to pore pressure based on the Hoek-Brown failure criterion [J]Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology201126561461810.1016/j.tust.2011.04.002 ZhangD BJiangYYangX LEstimation of 3D active earth pressure under nonlinear strength condition [J]Geomechanics and Engineering2019176515525 HarrM EGroundwater and seepage [M]1962New YorkMcGraw-Hill ZhangJ HWangW JZhangD BZhangBMengFSafe range of retaining pressure for three-dimensional face of pressurized tunnels based on limit analysis and reliability method [J]KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering201822114645465610.1007/s12205-017-0619-5 LiZ WYangX LActive earth pressure for retaining structures in cohesive backfills with tensile strength cut-off [J]Computers and Geotechnics201911024225010.1016/j.compgeo.2019.02.023 DruckerD CPragerWSoil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design [J]Quarterly of Applied Mathematics1952102157165482910047.4320210.1090/qam/48291 YangX LSeismic bearing capacity of a strip footing on rock slopes [J]Canadian Geotechnical Journal200946894395410.1139/T09-038 LiZ WYangX LLiT ZStatic and seismic stability assessment of 3D slopes with cracks [J]Engineering Geology202026510545010.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105450 SaadaZMaghousSGarnierDStability analysis of rock slopes subjected to seepage forces using the modified Hoek-Brown criterion [J]International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences201255455410.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.06.010 PanQ JXuJ SDiasDThree-dimensional stability of a slope subjected to seepage forces [J]International Journal of Geomechanics20171780401703510.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000913 XuJ SPanQ JYangX LLiW TStability charts for rock slopes subjected to water drawdown based on the modified nonlinear Hoek-Brown failure criterion [J]International Journal of Geomechanics20181810401713310.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001039 VieiraC Sde Lurdes LopesMCaldeiraL MEarth pressure coefficients for design of geosynthetic reinforced soil structures [J]Geotextiles and Geomembranes201129549150110.1016/j.geotexmem.2011.04.003 ZhangD BLiuZ ZZhangJ HA new failure mechanism for deep cavity and upper bound solution of supporting pressure [J]Journal of Central South University20172492082209110.1007/s11771-017-3617-3 BenmebarekNBenmebarekSKastnerRSoubraA HPassive and active earth pressures in the presence of groundwater flow [J]Géotechnique200656314915810.1680/geot.2006.56.3.149 YangX LYinJ HSlope equivalent Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters for rock masses satisfying the Hoek-Brown criterion [J]Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering201039450551110.1007/s00603-009-0044-2 PaikK HSalgadoREstimation of active earth pressure against rigid retaining walls considering arching effects [J]Géotechnique200353764365410.1680/geot.2003.53.7.643 MichalowskiR LStability assessment of slopes with cracks using limit analysis [J]Canadian Geotechnical Journal201350101011102110.1139/cgj-2012-0448 ZHANG J H, WANG W J, ZHANG B, ZHANG D B. Upper bound analysis for collapse failure of shield tunnel face excavated in unsaturated soils considering steady vertical flow [J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2019: 2145616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2145616. YangX LHuangFCollapse mechanism of shallow tunnel based on nonlinear Hoek-Brown failure criterion [J]Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology201126668669110.1016/j.tust.2011.05.008 LiZ WYangX LLiY XActive earth pressure coefficients based on a 3D rotational mechanism [J]Computers and Geotechnics201911234234910.1016/j.compgeo.2019.05.005 BarrosP L AA Coulomb-type solution for active earth thrust with seepage [J]Géotechnique200656315916410.1680/geot.2006.56.3.159 PaulBA modification of the Coulomb-Mohr theory of fracture [J]Journal of Applied Mechanics196128225926813455510.1115/1.3641665 P L A Barros (4437_CR9) 2006; 56 A H Abd (4437_CR18) 2017; 45 T Z Li (4437_CR34) 2020; 95 D G Anderson (4437_CR12) 2008 Z W Li (4437_CR6) 2018; 19 F Vahedifard (4437_CR13) 2015; 141 Q J Pan (4437_CR22) 2017; 17 K H Paik (4437_CR4) 2003; 53 B Zhang (4437_CR2) 2020; 20 X L Yang (4437_CR26) 2009; 46 D B Zhang (4437_CR8) 2019; 17 B Paul (4437_CR15) 1961; 28 F Huang (4437_CR35) 2020; 117 P L A Barros (4437_CR11) 2012; 49 X L Yang (4437_CR27) 2010; 39 R L Michalowski (4437_CR16) 2013; 50 D Park (4437_CR19) 2017; 229 J S Xu (4437_CR38) 2018; 18 Z W Li (4437_CR7) 2019; 112 R L Michalowski (4437_CR17) 2017; 67 Z W Li (4437_CR5) 2019; 110 X L Yang (4437_CR25) 2005; 42 J H Zhang (4437_CR31) 2018; 22 Z Saada (4437_CR21) 2012; 55 M E Harr (4437_CR23) 1962 D B Zhang (4437_CR24) 2020; 20 C S Vieira (4437_CR39) 2011; 29 D B Zhang (4437_CR3) 2017; 24 N Benmebarek (4437_CR10) 2006; 56 X L Yang (4437_CR29) 2013; 61 D C Drucker (4437_CR14) 1952; 10 J H Zhang (4437_CR33) 2019; 26 W F Chen (4437_CR1) 1975 F Huang (4437_CR30) 2011; 26 Z W Li (4437_CR36) 2020; 265 C Viratjandr (4437_CR20) 2006; 43 X L Yang (4437_CR28) 2011; 26 Q J Pan (4437_CR37) 2016; 40 4437_CR32 |
| References_xml | – reference: BarrosP L AA Coulomb-type solution for active earth thrust with seepage [J]Géotechnique200656315916410.1680/geot.2006.56.3.159 – reference: SaadaZMaghousSGarnierDStability analysis of rock slopes subjected to seepage forces using the modified Hoek-Brown criterion [J]International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences201255455410.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.06.010 – reference: ZhangD BLiuZ ZZhangJ HA new failure mechanism for deep cavity and upper bound solution of supporting pressure [J]Journal of Central South University20172492082209110.1007/s11771-017-3617-3 – reference: ZHANG J H, WANG W J, ZHANG B, ZHANG D B. Upper bound analysis for collapse failure of shield tunnel face excavated in unsaturated soils considering steady vertical flow [J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2019: 2145616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2145616. – reference: BarrosP L ASantosP JCoefficients of active earth pressure with seepage effect [J]Canadian Geotechnical Journal201249665165810.1139/t2012-020 – reference: LiZ WYangX LLiY XActive earth pressure coefficients based on a 3D rotational mechanism [J]Computers and Geotechnics201911234234910.1016/j.compgeo.2019.05.005 – reference: AbdA HUtiliSDesign of geosynthetic-reinforced slopes in cohesive backfills [J]Geotextiles and Geomembranes201745662764110.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.08.004 – reference: YangX LHuangFThree-dimensional failure mechanism of a rectangular cavity in a Hoek-Brown rock medium [J]International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences20136118919510.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.02.014 – reference: HuangFZhangMWangFLingT HYangX LThe failure mechanism of surrounding rock around an existing shield tunnel induced by an adjacent excavation [J]Computers and Geotechnics202011710323610.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103236 – reference: ZhangD BZhangBStability analysis of the pressurized 3D tunnel face in anisotropic and nonhomogeneous soils [J]International Journal of Geomechanics20202040402001810.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001635 – reference: ZhangJ HWangW JZhangD BZhangBMengFSafe range of retaining pressure for three-dimensional face of pressurized tunnels based on limit analysis and reliability method [J]KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering201822114645465610.1007/s12205-017-0619-5 – reference: YangX LSeismic bearing capacity of a strip footing on rock slopes [J]Canadian Geotechnical Journal200946894395410.1139/T09-038 – reference: HarrM EGroundwater and seepage [M]1962New YorkMcGraw-Hill – reference: MichalowskiR LStability of intact slopes with tensile strength cut-off [J]Géotechnique201767872072710.1680/jgeot.16.P.037 – reference: XuJ SPanQ JYangX LLiW TStability charts for rock slopes subjected to water drawdown based on the modified nonlinear Hoek-Brown failure criterion [J]International Journal of Geomechanics20181810401713310.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001039 – reference: VieiraC Sde Lurdes LopesMCaldeiraL MEarth pressure coefficients for design of geosynthetic reinforced soil structures [J]Geotextiles and Geomembranes201129549150110.1016/j.geotexmem.2011.04.003 – reference: LiT ZYangX LStability of plane strain tunnel headings in soils with tensile strength cut-off [J]Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology20209510313810.1016/j.tust.2019.103138 – reference: LiZ WYangX LLiT ZStatic and seismic stability assessment of 3D slopes with cracks [J]Engineering Geology202026510545010.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105450 – reference: ZhangJ HZhangBReliability analysis for seismic stability of tunnel faces in soft rock masses based on a 3D stochastic collapse model [J]Journal of Central South University20192671706171810.1007/s11771-019-4127-2 – reference: DruckerD CPragerWSoil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design [J]Quarterly of Applied Mathematics1952102157165482910047.4320210.1090/qam/48291 – reference: LiZ WYangX LActive earth pressure for retaining structures in cohesive backfills with tensile strength cut-off [J]Computers and Geotechnics201911024225010.1016/j.compgeo.2019.02.023 – reference: AndersonD GMartinG RLamI PWangJ NSeismic analysis and design of retaining walls, buried structures, slopes, and embankments [M]2008Washington, DCThe National Academies Press – reference: PaulBA modification of the Coulomb-Mohr theory of fracture [J]Journal of Applied Mechanics196128225926813455510.1115/1.3641665 – reference: PanQ JDiasDThe effect of pore water pressure on tunnel face stability [J]International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics201640152123213610.1002/nag.2528 – reference: PaikK HSalgadoREstimation of active earth pressure against rigid retaining walls considering arching effects [J]Géotechnique200353764365410.1680/geot.2003.53.7.643 – reference: MichalowskiR LStability assessment of slopes with cracks using limit analysis [J]Canadian Geotechnical Journal201350101011102110.1139/cgj-2012-0448 – reference: VahedifardFLeshchinskyB AMortezaeiKLuNActive earth pressures for unsaturated retaining structures [J]Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering2015141110401504810.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001356 – reference: ParkDMichalowskiR LThree-dimensional stability analysis of slopes in hard soil/soft rock with tensile strength cut-off [J]Engineering Geology2017229738410.1016/j.enggeo.2017.09.018 – reference: YangX LYinJ HSlope equivalent Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters for rock masses satisfying the Hoek-Brown criterion [J]Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering201039450551110.1007/s00603-009-0044-2 – reference: LiZ WYangX LActive earth pressure from unsaturated soils with different water levels [J]International Journal of Geomechanics20181970601901310.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001471 – reference: HuangFYangX LUpper bound limit analysis of collapse shape for 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| Snippet | The commonly used Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure condition has a limitation that it overestimates the tensile strength of cohesive soils. To overcome this... |
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| SubjectTerms | Cohesion Cohesive soils Conservation equations Cut-off Earth pressure Energy conservation Engineering Failure mechanisms Fluid flow Metallic Materials Mohr-Coulomb theory Optimization Pressure effects Retaining walls Seepage Soil stability Soil strength Stress concentration Tensile strength |
| Title | Active earth pressure for subgrade retaining walls in cohesive backfills with tensile strength cut-off subjected to seepage effects |
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