Roseburia Spp.: A Marker of Health?

• Published in: Future microbiology Vol. 12; no. 2; pp. 157 - 170
• Main Authors: Tamanai-Shacoori, Zohreh, Smida, Imen, Bousarghin, Latifa, Loreal, Olivier, Meuric, Vincent, Fong, Shao Bing, Bonnaure-Mallet, Martine, Jolivet-Gougeon, Anne
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Future Medicine Ltd 01.02.2017; Future Medicine
• Subjects: Anaerobic bacteria; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Anti-inflammatory agents; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteria; Calculi; Cancer; Carbohydrates; Colon; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus - microbiology; Diabetes Mellitus - therapy; Diet; Endocrinology and metabolism; Enzymes; Fatty acids; Fermentation; Flagella; Food and Nutrition; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology; Gram-positive bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria - classification; Gram-Positive Bacteria - isolation & purification; Gram-Positive Bacteria - metabolism; Homeostasis; Human health and pathology; Humans; Inflammation; Intestine; Irritable bowel syndrome; Life Sciences; Metabolic pathways; Metabolic Syndrome - microbiology; Metabolic Syndrome - therapy; Metabolism; Microbiota; Motility; Nervous system; Obesity - microbiology; Obesity - therapy; Oils & fats; Polyamines; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Roseburia spp; microbiota; nervous system; diet; butyrate; irritable bowel syndrome
• ISSN: 1746-0913; 1746-0921
• DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0130

The genus Roseburia consists of obligate Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that are slightly curved, rod-shaped and motile by means of multiple subterminal flagella. It includes five species: Roseburia intestinalis, R. hominis, R. inulinivorans, R. faecis and R. cecicola. Gut Roseburia spp. metabolize dietary components that stimulate their proliferation and metabolic activities. They are part of commensal bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, affecting colonic motility, immunity maintenance and anti-inflammatory properties. Modification in Roseburia spp. representation may affect various metabolic pathways and is associated with several diseases (including irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, nervous system conditions and allergies). Roseburia spp. could also serve as biomarkers for symptomatic pathologies (e.g., gallstone formation) or as probiotics for restoration of beneficial flora.