Collecting Microplastics in Gardens: Case Study (i) of Soil

• Published in: Frontiers in environmental science Vol. 9
• Main Authors: Sobhani, Zahra, Luo, Yunlong, Gibson, Christopher T., Tang, Youhong, Naidu, Ravi, Megharaj, Mallavarapu, Fang, Cheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A 01.10.2021
• Subjects: algorithm; garden soil; microplastics; Raman mapping; released microplastics
• ISSN: 2296-665X; 2296-665X
• DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2021.739775

As an emerging contaminant, microplastic is receiving increasing attention. However, the contamination source is not fully known, and new sources are still being identified. Herewith, we report that microplastics can be found in our gardens, either due to the wrongdoing of leaving plastic bubble wraps to be mixed with mulches or due to the use of plastic landscape fabrics in the mulch bed. In the beginning, they were of large sizes, such as > 5 mm. However, after 7 years in the garden, owing to natural degradation, weathering, or abrasion, microplastics are released. We categorize the plastic fragments into different groups, 5 mm–0.75 mm, 0.75 mm–100 μm, and 100–0.8 μm, using filters such as kitchenware, meaning we can collect microplastics in our gardens by ourselves. We then characterized the plastics using Raman image mapping and a logic-based algorithm to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and the image certainty. This is because the signal-to-noise ratio from a single Raman spectrum, or even from an individual peak, is significantly less than that from a spectrum matrix of Raman mapping (such as 1 vs. 50 × 50) that contains 2,500 spectra, from the statistical point of view. From the 10 g soil we sampled, we could detect the microplastics, including large (5 mm–100 μm) fragments and small (<100 μm) ones, suggesting the degradation fate of plastics in the gardens. Overall, these results warn us that we must be careful when we do gardening, including selection of plastic items for gardens.