The anatomy of COVID‐19‐related conspiracy beliefs: Exploring their nomological network on a nationally representative sample
Objectives The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic was followed by the widespread proliferation of conspiracy beliefs (CBs) regarding the origin and harmfulness of the virus and a high level of hesitancy to vaccinate. We aimed to test a series of hypotheses on the correlates of CBs and vaccination, in...
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| Published in | British journal of clinical psychology Vol. 62; no. 3; pp. 642 - 662 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.09.2023
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0144-6657 2044-8260 |
| DOI | 10.1111/bjc.12431 |
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| Abstract | Objectives
The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic was followed by the widespread proliferation of conspiracy beliefs (CBs) regarding the origin and harmfulness of the virus and a high level of hesitancy to vaccinate. We aimed to test a series of hypotheses on the correlates of CBs and vaccination, including socio‐demographic factors, personality dispositions, somatic health, stressful experiences during pandemics, and psychological distress.
Method
The sample (N = 1203), was based on a multistage probabilistic household sampling representative of the general population. The subjects were randomly split into two approximately equal subgroups, enabling cross‐validation. Based on the findings in the exploratory, the SEM model was tested in the confirmatory subsample.
Results
The correlates of CBs were Disintegration (proneness to psychotic‐like experiences), low Openness, lower education, Extraversion, living in a smaller settlement and being employed. The correlates of vaccination were older age, CBs and larger places of living. Evidence on the role of stressful experiences and psychological distress in CBs/vaccination was not found. The findings of moderately strong and robust (cross‐validated) paths, leading from Disintegration to CBs and from CBs to vaccination were the most important ones.
Discussion
Conspiratorial thinking tendencies—related to health‐related behaviour such as vaccination—appear to be, to a considerable extent, manifestations of the mechanisms that are part of our stable, broad, trait‐like thinking/emotional/motivational/behavioural tendencies, primarily proneness to psychotic‐like experiences & behaviours. |
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| AbstractList | ObjectivesThe outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic was followed by the widespread proliferation of conspiracy beliefs (CBs) regarding the origin and harmfulness of the virus and a high level of hesitancy to vaccinate. We aimed to test a series of hypotheses on the correlates of CBs and vaccination, including socio‐demographic factors, personality dispositions, somatic health, stressful experiences during pandemics, and psychological distress.MethodThe sample (N = 1203), was based on a multistage probabilistic household sampling representative of the general population. The subjects were randomly split into two approximately equal subgroups, enabling cross‐validation. Based on the findings in the exploratory, the SEM model was tested in the confirmatory subsample.ResultsThe correlates of CBs were Disintegration (proneness to psychotic‐like experiences), low Openness, lower education, Extraversion, living in a smaller settlement and being employed. The correlates of vaccination were older age, CBs and larger places of living. Evidence on the role of stressful experiences and psychological distress in CBs/vaccination was not found. The findings of moderately strong and robust (cross‐validated) paths, leading from Disintegration to CBs and from CBs to vaccination were the most important ones.DiscussionConspiratorial thinking tendencies—related to health‐related behaviour such as vaccination—appear to be, to a considerable extent, manifestations of the mechanisms that are part of our stable, broad, trait‐like thinking/emotional/motivational/behavioural tendencies, primarily proneness to psychotic‐like experiences & behaviours. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was followed by the widespread proliferation of conspiracy beliefs (CBs) regarding the origin and harmfulness of the virus and a high level of hesitancy to vaccinate. We aimed to test a series of hypotheses on the correlates of CBs and vaccination, including socio-demographic factors, personality dispositions, somatic health, stressful experiences during pandemics, and psychological distress. The sample (N = 1203), was based on a multistage probabilistic household sampling representative of the general population. The subjects were randomly split into two approximately equal subgroups, enabling cross-validation. Based on the findings in the exploratory, the SEM model was tested in the confirmatory subsample. The correlates of CBs were Disintegration (proneness to psychotic-like experiences), low Openness, lower education, Extraversion, living in a smaller settlement and being employed. The correlates of vaccination were older age, CBs and larger places of living. Evidence on the role of stressful experiences and psychological distress in CBs/vaccination was not found. The findings of moderately strong and robust (cross-validated) paths, leading from Disintegration to CBs and from CBs to vaccination were the most important ones. Conspiratorial thinking tendencies-related to health-related behaviour such as vaccination-appear to be, to a considerable extent, manifestations of the mechanisms that are part of our stable, broad, trait-like thinking/emotional/motivational/behavioural tendencies, primarily proneness to psychotic-like experiences & behaviours. Objectives The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic was followed by the widespread proliferation of conspiracy beliefs (CBs) regarding the origin and harmfulness of the virus and a high level of hesitancy to vaccinate. We aimed to test a series of hypotheses on the correlates of CBs and vaccination, including socio‐demographic factors, personality dispositions, somatic health, stressful experiences during pandemics, and psychological distress. Method The sample (N = 1203), was based on a multistage probabilistic household sampling representative of the general population. The subjects were randomly split into two approximately equal subgroups, enabling cross‐validation. Based on the findings in the exploratory, the SEM model was tested in the confirmatory subsample. Results The correlates of CBs were Disintegration (proneness to psychotic‐like experiences), low Openness, lower education, Extraversion, living in a smaller settlement and being employed. The correlates of vaccination were older age, CBs and larger places of living. Evidence on the role of stressful experiences and psychological distress in CBs/vaccination was not found. The findings of moderately strong and robust (cross‐validated) paths, leading from Disintegration to CBs and from CBs to vaccination were the most important ones. Discussion Conspiratorial thinking tendencies—related to health‐related behaviour such as vaccination—appear to be, to a considerable extent, manifestations of the mechanisms that are part of our stable, broad, trait‐like thinking/emotional/motivational/behavioural tendencies, primarily proneness to psychotic‐like experiences & behaviours. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was followed by the widespread proliferation of conspiracy beliefs (CBs) regarding the origin and harmfulness of the virus and a high level of hesitancy to vaccinate. We aimed to test a series of hypotheses on the correlates of CBs and vaccination, including socio-demographic factors, personality dispositions, somatic health, stressful experiences during pandemics, and psychological distress.OBJECTIVESThe outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was followed by the widespread proliferation of conspiracy beliefs (CBs) regarding the origin and harmfulness of the virus and a high level of hesitancy to vaccinate. We aimed to test a series of hypotheses on the correlates of CBs and vaccination, including socio-demographic factors, personality dispositions, somatic health, stressful experiences during pandemics, and psychological distress.The sample (N = 1203), was based on a multistage probabilistic household sampling representative of the general population. The subjects were randomly split into two approximately equal subgroups, enabling cross-validation. Based on the findings in the exploratory, the SEM model was tested in the confirmatory subsample.METHODThe sample (N = 1203), was based on a multistage probabilistic household sampling representative of the general population. The subjects were randomly split into two approximately equal subgroups, enabling cross-validation. Based on the findings in the exploratory, the SEM model was tested in the confirmatory subsample.The correlates of CBs were Disintegration (proneness to psychotic-like experiences), low Openness, lower education, Extraversion, living in a smaller settlement and being employed. The correlates of vaccination were older age, CBs and larger places of living. Evidence on the role of stressful experiences and psychological distress in CBs/vaccination was not found. The findings of moderately strong and robust (cross-validated) paths, leading from Disintegration to CBs and from CBs to vaccination were the most important ones.RESULTSThe correlates of CBs were Disintegration (proneness to psychotic-like experiences), low Openness, lower education, Extraversion, living in a smaller settlement and being employed. The correlates of vaccination were older age, CBs and larger places of living. Evidence on the role of stressful experiences and psychological distress in CBs/vaccination was not found. The findings of moderately strong and robust (cross-validated) paths, leading from Disintegration to CBs and from CBs to vaccination were the most important ones.Conspiratorial thinking tendencies-related to health-related behaviour such as vaccination-appear to be, to a considerable extent, manifestations of the mechanisms that are part of our stable, broad, trait-like thinking/emotional/motivational/behavioural tendencies, primarily proneness to psychotic-like experiences & behaviours.DISCUSSIONConspiratorial thinking tendencies-related to health-related behaviour such as vaccination-appear to be, to a considerable extent, manifestations of the mechanisms that are part of our stable, broad, trait-like thinking/emotional/motivational/behavioural tendencies, primarily proneness to psychotic-like experiences & behaviours. |
| Author | Todorović, Jovana Mihić, Ljiljana Marić, Nađa P. Tošković, Oliver Knežević, Goran Vuković, Olivera Terzić, Zorica Lazarević, Ljiljana B. Milovančević, Milica Pejović |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Goran orcidid: 0000-0001-8951-3774 surname: Knežević fullname: Knežević, Goran email: gknezevi@f.bg.ac.rs organization: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy – sequence: 2 givenname: Ljiljana B. orcidid: 0000-0003-1629-3699 surname: Lazarević fullname: Lazarević, Ljiljana B. organization: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy – sequence: 3 givenname: Ljiljana orcidid: 0000-0003-3272-6669 surname: Mihić fullname: Mihić, Ljiljana organization: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Philosophy – sequence: 4 givenname: Milica Pejović orcidid: 0000-0001-8902-2668 surname: Milovančević fullname: Milovančević, Milica Pejović organization: Institute of Mental Health – sequence: 5 givenname: Zorica orcidid: 0000-0002-9878-8021 surname: Terzić fullname: Terzić, Zorica organization: Institute for Social Medicine – sequence: 6 givenname: Oliver orcidid: 0000-0002-7580-6418 surname: Tošković fullname: Tošković, Oliver organization: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy – sequence: 7 givenname: Olivera orcidid: 0000-0001-6898-0007 surname: Vuković fullname: Vuković, Olivera organization: Institute of Mental Health – sequence: 8 givenname: Jovana orcidid: 0000-0001-9741-6317 surname: Todorović fullname: Todorović, Jovana organization: Institute for Social Medicine – sequence: 9 givenname: Nađa P. orcidid: 0000-0002-7051-853X surname: Marić fullname: Marić, Nađa P. organization: Institute of Mental Health |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37394900$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | stressful experiences during pandemics COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs psychotic-like experiences & behaviour personality vaccination |
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The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic was followed by the widespread proliferation of conspiracy beliefs (CBs) regarding the origin and harmfulness... The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was followed by the widespread proliferation of conspiracy beliefs (CBs) regarding the origin and harmfulness of the... ObjectivesThe outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic was followed by the widespread proliferation of conspiracy beliefs (CBs) regarding the origin and harmfulness... |
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| SubjectTerms | Conspiracy COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccines COVID‐19 conspiracy beliefs Demography Extraversion Health behavior Immunization Openness Pandemics personality Prone Psychological distress Psychosis psychotic‐like experiences & behaviour stressful experiences during pandemics vaccination |
| Title | The anatomy of COVID‐19‐related conspiracy beliefs: Exploring their nomological network on a nationally representative sample |
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