Incidence of Kidney Stones in the United States: The Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Purpose:The incidence of kidney stones in the United States is currently unknown. Here, we assessed the incidence of kidney stones using recent, nationally representative data.Materials and Methods:We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2015 to 2018. During this t...

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Published inThe Journal of urology Vol. 207; no. 4; pp. 851 - 856
Main Authors Hill, Alexander J., Basourakos, Spyridon P., Lewicki, Patrick, Wu, Xian, Arenas-Gallo, Camilo, Chuang, Debby, Bodner, Donald, Jaeger, Irina, Nevo, Amihay, Zell, Michael, Markt, Sarah C., Eisner, Brian H., Shoag, Jonathan E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Philadelphia, PA Wolters Kluwer 01.04.2022
Subjects
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Female
Humans
Incidence
Kidney Calculi - epidemiology
Life Style
Male
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Poisson Distribution
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Sociodemographic Factors
United States - epidemiology
Young Adult
United States
nephrolithiasis
urolithiasis
kidney calculi
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ISSN0022-5347
1527-3792
1527-3792
DOI10.1097/JU.0000000000002331

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Summary:Purpose:The incidence of kidney stones in the United States is currently unknown. Here, we assessed the incidence of kidney stones using recent, nationally representative data.Materials and Methods:We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2015 to 2018. During this time participants were asked, "Have you ever had a kidney stone?" and "In the past 12 months, have you passed a kidney stone?" Demographics analyzed include age, race, gender, body mass index, history of smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and gout. Multivariable models were used to assess the independent impact of subject characteristics on kidney stone prevalence and incidence.Results:Data were available on 10,521 participants older than age 20. The prevalence of kidney stones was 11.0% (95% CI 10.1-12.0). The 12-month incidence of kidney stones was 2.1% (95% CI 1.5-2.7), or 2,054 stones per 100,000 adults. We identified significant relationships between stone incidence and subject age, body mass index, race and history of hypertension.Conclusions:Here we find a substantially higher 12-month incidence of kidney stones than previous reports. We also validate known risk factors for stone prevalence as associated with incidence. The remarkable incidence and prevalence of stones is concerning and has implications for disease prevention and allocation of medical resources.
Bibliography:Correspondence: Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Wolstein ResearchBuilding 4541, 2103 Cornell Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44106 telephone: 216-368-5449; jxs218@case.eduSupport: The work presented here was not directly funded by an outside organization or sponsor. JES is supported by the Frederick J. and Theresa Dow Foundation of the New York Community Trust, Vinney Scholars Award, and a Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation Physician Scientist Training Award.Conflict of Interest: The authors have declared that no conflicts of interest exist.Ethics Statement: This work was declared non-human subjects research, IRB protocol number STUDY20211027.Data Availability: JES had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
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ISSN:0022-5347
1527-3792
1527-3792
DOI:10.1097/JU.0000000000002331