Effects of geometric parameters of a staggered labyrinth seal on leakage flow

Staggered labyrinth seals are used in gas turbines for cooling turbine blades. In this study, numerical analyses were performed to evaluate the discharge coefficients about the shape variables of staggered labyrinth seals. Four shape variables were considered: cavity width (CW), staggered height (GH...

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Published inJournal of mechanical science and technology Vol. 37; no. 6; pp. 2959 - 2968
Main Authors Chun, Ye Hwan, Ahn, Joon
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Seoul Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 01.06.2023
Springer Nature B.V
대한기계학회
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ISSN1738-494X
1976-3824
DOI10.1007/s12206-023-0522-6

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Abstract Staggered labyrinth seals are used in gas turbines for cooling turbine blades. In this study, numerical analyses were performed to evaluate the discharge coefficients about the shape variables of staggered labyrinth seals. Four shape variables were considered: cavity width (CW), staggered height (GH), staggered width (GW), and staggered position (GP). Changes in the discharge coefficient with the shape variables were analyzed. Strategies were investigated to decrease the discharge coefficient of a staggered labyrinth seal. The discharge coefficient of the optimized staggered labyrinth seal was 37 % smaller than that of a straight labyrinth seal. We hypothesized that the size of the vena contracta and acceleration in the axial direction were related to the discharge coefficient. However, an association between only the GW was not observed. The wall shear stress was sensitive only to the GH and independent of the other shape parameters.
AbstractList Staggered labyrinth seals are used in gas turbines for cooling turbine blades. In this study, numerical analyses were performed to evaluate the discharge coefficients about the shape variables of staggered labyrinth seals. Four shape variables were considered: cavity width (CW), staggered height (GH), staggered width (GW), and staggered position (GP). Changes in the discharge coefficient with the shape variables were analyzed. Strategies were investigated to decrease the discharge coefficient of a staggered labyrinth seal. The discharge coefficient of the optimized staggered labyrinth seal was 37 % smaller than that of a straight labyrinth seal. We hypothesized that the size of the vena contracta and acceleration in the axial direction were related to the discharge coefficient. However, an association between only the GW was not observed. The wall shear stress was sensitive only to the GH and independent of the other shape parameters.
Staggered labyrinth seals are used in gas turbines for cooling turbine blades. In this study, numerical analyses were performed to evaluate the discharge coefficients about the shape variables of staggered labyrinth seals. Four shape variables were considered: cavity width (CW), staggered height (GH), staggered width (GW), and staggered position (GP). Changes in the discharge coefficient with the shape variables were analyzed. Strategies were investigated to decrease the discharge coefficient of a staggered labyrinth seal. The discharge coefficient of the optimized staggered labyrinth seal was 37 % smaller than that of a straight labyrinth seal. We hypothesized that the size of the vena contracta and acceleration in the axial direction were related to the discharge coefficient. However, an association between only the GW was not observed. The wall shear stress was sensitive only to the GH and independent of the other shape parameters. KCI Citation Count: 0
Author Ahn, Joon
Chun, Ye Hwan
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  organization: School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University
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Keywords Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)
Numerical analysis
Gas turbine
Discharge coefficient
Labyrinth seal
Language English
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References BaekS IAhnJOptimizing the geometric parameters of a straight-through labyrinth seal to minimize the leakage flow rate and the discharge coefficientEnergies20211470510.3390/en14030705
HodkinsonBEstimation of the leakage through a labyrinth glandProceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers1939141128328810.1243/PIME_PROC_1939_141_037_02
S. Wittig et al., Numerical predictions and measurements of discharge coefficients in labyrinth seals, Proceedings of the ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. Volume 1: Turbomachinery, Anaheim, California, USA (1987) https://doi.org/10.1115/87-GT-188.
StodolaASteam and Gas Turbines19276th ed.New York, USAMcGraw-Hill189194
HuDDimensional analysis on resistance characteristics of labyrinth sealsJ. Therm. Sci.20142351652210.1007/s11630-014-0736-0
RhodeD LHibbsR IClearance effects on corresponding annular and labyrinth seal flow leakage characteristicsJournal of Tribology1993115469970410.1115/1.2921696
W. Tan et al., Investigation of staggered labyrinth tip shroud on flow mechanism of low-pressure turbine, Proceedings of Global Power and Propulsion Society, October 18–20 (2021).
ZhaoHAnalysis of total leakage of finger seal with side leakage flowTribol. Int.202015010637110.1016/j.triboint.2020.106371
EserDJacobY KAir flow in cavities of labyrinth sealsInt. J. Eng. Sci.1995332309232610.1016/0020-7225(95)00072-60899.76305
A. D. Vakili et al., An experimental and numerical study of labyrinth seal flow, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. Volume 3: Turbo Expo 2005, Parts A and B, Reno, Nevada, USA (2005) 1121–1128, https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2005-68224.
ChuppR EHendricksR CLattimeS BSteinetzB MSealing in turbomachineryJ. Propul. Power20062231334910.2514/1.17778
M. Iwasaki et al., Validation of CFD analysis method for seal dynamic coefficients with various labyrinth seal types, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. Volume 7B: Structures and Dynamics, Oslo, Norway (2018), https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-75251.
LeeK SNumerical analysis in the flow field of a labyrinth sealProc. 1990 Inf’l Compressor Engineering Conference1990835844
SultanianB KGas Turbines Internal Flow Systems Modeling2018Cambridge, UKCambridge University Press35610.1017/9781316755686
BeckerEStrömungsvorgänge in ringformigen spalten (Labyrinth-Dichtungen)Ver. Deut Ing.19075111331141
KimT SChaK SComparative analysis of the influence of labyrinth seal configuration on leakage behaviorJ. Mech. Sci. Technol.20092382830283810.1007/s12206-009-0733-5
S. Deng et al., Experimental investigation of geometry effect on discharge characteristic for stepped labyrinth seal, Proceedings of Montreal 2018 Global Power and Propulsion Forum, Montreal, Canada (2018).
YucelULeakage and swirl velocities in labyrinth seals1996USALehigh University
DollinFBrownW SFlow of fluids through openings in seriesEngineer1937164223224
GauravCLabyrinth seal leakage analysisM.Sc. Thesis2011USATexas A&M University
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H. L. Stocker, Advanced labyrinth seal design performance for high pressure ratio gas turbines, Proceedings of the ASME 1975 Winter Annual Meeting: GT Papers. ASME 1975 Winter Annual Meeting: GT Papers, Houston, Texas, USA (1975) https://doi.org/10.1115/75-WA/GT-22.
ZhouBPowerGen gas turbine losses and condition monitoring: a loss data-based studyASME J. Risk Uncertainty Part B2016202100710.1115/1.4031915
H. L. Stocker, Determining and improving labyrinth seal performance in current and advanced high performance gas turbines, AGARD Conference Proceedings (237) (1978) 13.1–13.22.
HurMEffect of clearance and cavity geometries on leakage performance of a stepped labyrinth sealProcesses20208149610.3390/pr8111496
ChochuaGComputational modeling for honeycombstator gas annular sealInt. J. Heat Mass Transf.2002451849186310.1016/S0017-9310(01)00280-01094.76523
JoachimiakDNovel method of the seal aerodynamic design to reduce leakage by matching the seal geometry to flow conditionsEnergies202114788010.3390/en14237880
DemkoJ AEffect of shaft rotation on the incompressible flow in a labyrinth sealJ. Propul. Power1990617117610.2514/3.23240
MartinH MLabyrinth packingsEngineering19088535
WittigSHeat transfer in stepped labyrinth sealsJournal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power19881101636910.1115/1.3240088
KimJ HAhnJLarge eddy simulation of leakage flow in a stepped labyrinth sealProcesses20219217910.3390/pr9122179
ChunY HAhnJOptimizing the geometric parameters of a stepped labyrinth seal to minimize the discharge coefficientProcesses202210201910.3390/pr10102019
B Hodkinson (522_CR15) 1939; 141
T S Kim (522_CR20) 2009; 23
H M Martin (522_CR12) 1908; 85
J H Kim (522_CR25) 2021; 9
B Zhou (522_CR8) 2016; 2
522_CR9
D Eser (522_CR22) 1995; 33
D Joachimiak (522_CR32) 2021; 14
K S Lee (522_CR17) 1990
522_CR31
C Gaurav (522_CR11) 2011
R E Chupp (522_CR3) 2006; 22
H Zhao (522_CR6) 2020; 150
U Yucel (522_CR16) 1996
S I Baek (522_CR21) 2021; 14
522_CR18
Y H Chun (522_CR27) 2022; 10
B K Sultanian (522_CR2) 2018
J A Demko (522_CR29) 1990; 6
A Stodola (522_CR13) 1927
M Hur (522_CR24) 2020; 8
522_CR1
522_CR4
S Wittig (522_CR19) 1988; 110
522_CR7
522_CR23
D L Rhode (522_CR28) 1993; 115
D Hu (522_CR30) 2014; 23
F Dollin (522_CR14) 1937; 164
G Chochua (522_CR5) 2002; 45
E Becker (522_CR10) 1907; 51
522_CR26
References_xml – reference: GauravCLabyrinth seal leakage analysisM.Sc. Thesis2011USATexas A&M University
– reference: DollinFBrownW SFlow of fluids through openings in seriesEngineer1937164223224
– reference: LeeK SNumerical analysis in the flow field of a labyrinth sealProc. 1990 Inf’l Compressor Engineering Conference1990835844
– reference: HodkinsonBEstimation of the leakage through a labyrinth glandProceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers1939141128328810.1243/PIME_PROC_1939_141_037_02
– reference: KimJ HAhnJLarge eddy simulation of leakage flow in a stepped labyrinth sealProcesses20219217910.3390/pr9122179
– reference: EserDJacobY KAir flow in cavities of labyrinth sealsInt. J. Eng. Sci.1995332309232610.1016/0020-7225(95)00072-60899.76305
– reference: ChunY HAhnJOptimizing the geometric parameters of a stepped labyrinth seal to minimize the discharge coefficientProcesses202210201910.3390/pr10102019
– reference: H. L. Stocker, Advanced labyrinth seal design performance for high pressure ratio gas turbines, Proceedings of the ASME 1975 Winter Annual Meeting: GT Papers. ASME 1975 Winter Annual Meeting: GT Papers, Houston, Texas, USA (1975) https://doi.org/10.1115/75-WA/GT-22.
– reference: ChochuaGComputational modeling for honeycombstator gas annular sealInt. J. Heat Mass Transf.2002451849186310.1016/S0017-9310(01)00280-01094.76523
– reference: BeckerEStrömungsvorgänge in ringformigen spalten (Labyrinth-Dichtungen)Ver. Deut Ing.19075111331141
– reference: StodolaASteam and Gas Turbines19276th ed.New York, USAMcGraw-Hill189194
– reference: ChuppR EHendricksR CLattimeS BSteinetzB MSealing in turbomachineryJ. Propul. Power20062231334910.2514/1.17778
– reference: S. Wittig et al., Numerical predictions and measurements of discharge coefficients in labyrinth seals, Proceedings of the ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. Volume 1: Turbomachinery, Anaheim, California, USA (1987) https://doi.org/10.1115/87-GT-188.
– reference: S. Deng et al., Experimental investigation of geometry effect on discharge characteristic for stepped labyrinth seal, Proceedings of Montreal 2018 Global Power and Propulsion Forum, Montreal, Canada (2018).
– reference: M. Iwasaki et al., Validation of CFD analysis method for seal dynamic coefficients with various labyrinth seal types, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. Volume 7B: Structures and Dynamics, Oslo, Norway (2018), https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2018-75251.
– reference: SultanianB KGas Turbines Internal Flow Systems Modeling2018Cambridge, UKCambridge University Press35610.1017/9781316755686
– reference: JoachimiakDNovel method of the seal aerodynamic design to reduce leakage by matching the seal geometry to flow conditionsEnergies202114788010.3390/en14237880
– reference: ZhouBPowerGen gas turbine losses and condition monitoring: a loss data-based studyASME J. Risk Uncertainty Part B2016202100710.1115/1.4031915
– reference: WittigSHeat transfer in stepped labyrinth sealsJournal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power19881101636910.1115/1.3240088
– reference: HuDDimensional analysis on resistance characteristics of labyrinth sealsJ. Therm. Sci.20142351652210.1007/s11630-014-0736-0
– reference: DemkoJ AEffect of shaft rotation on the incompressible flow in a labyrinth sealJ. Propul. Power1990617117610.2514/3.23240
– reference: BaekS IAhnJOptimizing the geometric parameters of a straight-through labyrinth seal to minimize the leakage flow rate and the discharge coefficientEnergies20211470510.3390/en14030705
– reference: HurMEffect of clearance and cavity geometries on leakage performance of a stepped labyrinth sealProcesses20208149610.3390/pr8111496
– reference: RhodeD LHibbsR IClearance effects on corresponding annular and labyrinth seal flow leakage characteristicsJournal of Tribology1993115469970410.1115/1.2921696
– reference: ZhaoHAnalysis of total leakage of finger seal with side leakage flowTribol. Int.202015010637110.1016/j.triboint.2020.106371
– reference: KimT SChaK SComparative analysis of the influence of labyrinth seal configuration on leakage behaviorJ. Mech. Sci. Technol.20092382830283810.1007/s12206-009-0733-5
– reference: W. Tan et al., Investigation of staggered labyrinth tip shroud on flow mechanism of low-pressure turbine, Proceedings of Global Power and Propulsion Society, October 18–20 (2021).
– reference: T. Iwatsubo, K. Fukumoto and H. Mochida, An Experimental Study of Dynamic Characteristics of Labyrinth Seal, NASA. Lewis Research Center, Rotordynamic Instability Problems in High-Performance Turbomachinery (1994).
– reference: YucelULeakage and swirl velocities in labyrinth seals1996USALehigh University
– reference: A. D. Vakili et al., An experimental and numerical study of labyrinth seal flow, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. Volume 3: Turbo Expo 2005, Parts A and B, Reno, Nevada, USA (2005) 1121–1128, https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2005-68224.
– reference: MartinH MLabyrinth packingsEngineering19088535
– reference: H. L. Stocker, Determining and improving labyrinth seal performance in current and advanced high performance gas turbines, AGARD Conference Proceedings (237) (1978) 13.1–13.22.
– volume: 14
  start-page: 705
  year: 2021
  ident: 522_CR21
  publication-title: Energies
  doi: 10.3390/en14030705
– start-page: 189
  volume-title: Steam and Gas Turbines
  year: 1927
  ident: 522_CR13
– volume: 115
  start-page: 699
  issue: 4
  year: 1993
  ident: 522_CR28
  publication-title: Journal of Tribology
  doi: 10.1115/1.2921696
– volume-title: Leakage and swirl velocities in labyrinth seals
  year: 1996
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– ident: 522_CR31
– volume: 14
  start-page: 7880
  year: 2021
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  ident: 522_CR24
  publication-title: Processes
  doi: 10.3390/pr8111496
– volume: 33
  start-page: 2309
  year: 1995
  ident: 522_CR22
  publication-title: Int. J. Eng. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/0020-7225(95)00072-6
– start-page: 356
  volume-title: Gas Turbines Internal Flow Systems Modeling
  year: 2018
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Snippet Staggered labyrinth seals are used in gas turbines for cooling turbine blades. In this study, numerical analyses were performed to evaluate the discharge...
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SubjectTerms Control
Discharge coefficient
Dynamical Systems
Engineering
Gas turbines
Industrial and Production Engineering
Labyrinth seals
Mechanical Engineering
Original Article
Parameters
Turbine blades
Vibration
Wall shear stresses
기계공학
Title Effects of geometric parameters of a staggered labyrinth seal on leakage flow
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