Music as a coevolved system for social bonding

Why do humans make music? Theories of the evolution of musicality have focused mainly on the value of music for specific adaptive contexts such as mate selection, parental care, coalition signaling, and group cohesion. Synthesizing and extending previous proposals, we argue that social bonding is an...

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Published inThe Behavioral and brain sciences Vol. 44; p. e59
Main Authors Savage, Patrick E., Loui, Psyche, Tarr, Bronwyn, Schachner, Adena, Glowacki, Luke, Mithen, Steven, Fitch, W. Tecumseh
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York, USA Cambridge University Press 01.01.2021
Subjects
Adaptation
Amnesia
Archaeology
Coevolution
Cognition
Culture
Entrainment
Evolution
Frequency
Grooming
Infants
Information processing
Interdisciplinary aspects
Language
Mate selection
Mosaicism
Mother-offspring interactions
Music
Nervous system
Neurobiology
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Prefrontal cortex
Reinforcement
Social bonds
Synchronization
Target Article
Vocalization behavior
reward
harmony
music
comparative
prediction
language
vocal learning
synchrony
cooperation
cultural evolution
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0140-525X
1469-1825
1469-1825
DOI10.1017/S0140525X20000333

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Abstract Why do humans make music? Theories of the evolution of musicality have focused mainly on the value of music for specific adaptive contexts such as mate selection, parental care, coalition signaling, and group cohesion. Synthesizing and extending previous proposals, we argue that social bonding is an overarching function that unifies all of these theories, and that musicality enabled social bonding at larger scales than grooming and other bonding mechanisms available in ancestral primate societies. We combine cross-disciplinary evidence from archeology, anthropology, biology, musicology, psychology, and neuroscience into a unified framework that accounts for the biological and cultural evolution of music. We argue that the evolution of musicality involves gene–culture coevolution, through which proto-musical behaviors that initially arose and spread as cultural inventions had feedback effects on biological evolution because of their impact on social bonding. We emphasize the deep links between production, perception, prediction, and social reward arising from repetition, synchronization, and harmonization of rhythms and pitches, and summarize empirical evidence for these links at the levels of brain networks, physiological mechanisms, and behaviors across cultures and across species. Finally, we address potential criticisms and make testable predictions for future research, including neurobiological bases of musicality and relationships between human music, language, animal song, and other domains. The music and social bonding hypothesis provides the most comprehensive theory to date of the biological and cultural evolution of music.
AbstractList Why do humans make music? Theories of the evolution of musicality have focused mainly on the value of music for specific adaptive contexts such as mate selection, parental care, coalition signaling, and group cohesion. Synthesizing and extending previous proposals, we argue that social bonding is an overarching function that unifies all of these theories, and that musicality enabled social bonding at larger scales than grooming and other bonding mechanisms available in ancestral primate societies. We combine cross-disciplinary evidence from archeology, anthropology, biology, musicology, psychology, and neuroscience into a unified framework that accounts for the biological and cultural evolution of music. We argue that the evolution of musicality involves gene–culture coevolution, through which proto-musical behaviors that initially arose and spread as cultural inventions had feedback effects on biological evolution because of their impact on social bonding. We emphasize the deep links between production, perception, prediction, and social reward arising from repetition, synchronization, and harmonization of rhythms and pitches, and summarize empirical evidence for these links at the levels of brain networks, physiological mechanisms, and behaviors across cultures and across species. Finally, we address potential criticisms and make testable predictions for future research, including neurobiological bases of musicality and relationships between human music, language, animal song, and other domains. The music and social bonding hypothesis provides the most comprehensive theory to date of the biological and cultural evolution of music.
Why do humans make music? Theories of the evolution of musicality have focused mainly on the value of music for specific adaptive contexts such as mate selection, parental care, coalition signaling, and group cohesion. Synthesizing and extending previous proposals, we argue that social bonding is an overarching function that unifies all of these theories, and that musicality enabled social bonding at larger scales than grooming and other bonding mechanisms available in ancestral primate societies. We combine cross-disciplinary evidence from archeology, anthropology, biology, musicology, psychology, and neuroscience into a unified framework that accounts for the biological and cultural evolution of music. We argue that the evolution of musicality involves gene-culture coevolution, through which proto-musical behaviors that initially arose and spread as cultural inventions had feedback effects on biological evolution because of their impact on social bonding. We emphasize the deep links between production, perception, prediction, and social reward arising from repetition, synchronization, and harmonization of rhythms and pitches, and summarize empirical evidence for these links at the levels of brain networks, physiological mechanisms, and behaviors across cultures and across species. Finally, we address potential criticisms and make testable predictions for future research, including neurobiological bases of musicality and relationships between human music, language, animal song, and other domains. The music and social bonding hypothesis provides the most comprehensive theory to date of the biological and cultural evolution of music.Why do humans make music? Theories of the evolution of musicality have focused mainly on the value of music for specific adaptive contexts such as mate selection, parental care, coalition signaling, and group cohesion. Synthesizing and extending previous proposals, we argue that social bonding is an overarching function that unifies all of these theories, and that musicality enabled social bonding at larger scales than grooming and other bonding mechanisms available in ancestral primate societies. We combine cross-disciplinary evidence from archeology, anthropology, biology, musicology, psychology, and neuroscience into a unified framework that accounts for the biological and cultural evolution of music. We argue that the evolution of musicality involves gene-culture coevolution, through which proto-musical behaviors that initially arose and spread as cultural inventions had feedback effects on biological evolution because of their impact on social bonding. We emphasize the deep links between production, perception, prediction, and social reward arising from repetition, synchronization, and harmonization of rhythms and pitches, and summarize empirical evidence for these links at the levels of brain networks, physiological mechanisms, and behaviors across cultures and across species. Finally, we address potential criticisms and make testable predictions for future research, including neurobiological bases of musicality and relationships between human music, language, animal song, and other domains. The music and social bonding hypothesis provides the most comprehensive theory to date of the biological and cultural evolution of music.
ArticleNumber e59
Author Schachner, Adena
Fitch, W. Tecumseh
Loui, Psyche
Mithen, Steven
Savage, Patrick E.
Glowacki, Luke
Tarr, Bronwyn
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Patrick E.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6996-7496
  surname: Savage
  fullname: Savage, Patrick E.
  email: @PatrickESavage
  organization: aFaculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa 252-0882, Japan psavage@sfc.keio.ac.jp; http://PatrickESavage.com
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Psyche
  surname: Loui
  fullname: Loui, Psyche
  email: @psycheloui
  organization: bCollege of Arts, Media and Design, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA p.loui@northeastern.edu; http://www.psycheloui.com
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Bronwyn
  surname: Tarr
  fullname: Tarr, Bronwyn
  email: @BronwynTarr1
  organization: cInstitute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology & Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK bronwyn.tarr@anthro.ox.ac.uk; bronwyntarr01@gmail.com https://www.anthro.ox.ac.uk/people/dr-bronwyn-tarr
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Adena
  surname: Schachner
  fullname: Schachner, Adena
  email: @adenaschachner
  organization: dDepartment of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; schachner@ucsd.edu; https://madlab.ucsd.edu
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Luke
  surname: Glowacki
  fullname: Glowacki, Luke
  email: @HSB_Lab
  organization: eDepartment of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA glowacki@fas.harvard.edu; https://www.hsb-lab.org/
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Steven
  surname: Mithen
  fullname: Mithen, Steven
  email: s.j.mithen@reading.ac.uk
  organization: fDepartment of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK s.j.mithen@reading.ac.uk; http://www.reading.ac.uk/archaeology/about/staff/s-j-mithen.aspx
– sequence: 7
  givenname: W. Tecumseh
  surname: Fitch
  fullname: Fitch, W. Tecumseh
  email: @TecumsehFitch
  organization: gDepartment of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria. tecumseh.fitch@univie.ac.at; https://homepage.univie.ac.at/tecumseh.fitch/
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Snippet Why do humans make music? Theories of the evolution of musicality have focused mainly on the value of music for specific adaptive contexts such as mate...
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SubjectTerms Adaptation
Amnesia
Archaeology
Coevolution
Cognition
Culture
Entrainment
Evolution
Frequency
Grooming
Infants
Information processing
Interdisciplinary aspects
Language
Mate selection
Mosaicism
Mother-offspring interactions
Music
Nervous system
Neurobiology
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Prefrontal cortex
Reinforcement
Social bonds
Synchronization
Target Article
Vocalization behavior
Title Music as a coevolved system for social bonding
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