GRIMM: GRaph IMputation and matching for HLA genotypes
Abstract Motivation For over 10 years allele-level HLA matching for bone marrow registries has been performed in a probabilistic context. HLA typing technologies provide ambiguous results in that they could not distinguish among all known HLA alleles equences; therefore registries have implemented m...
Saved in:
| Published in | Bioinformatics Vol. 35; no. 18; pp. 3520 - 3523 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Oxford University Press
15.09.2019
|
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1367-4803 1367-4811 1460-2059 1367-4811 |
| DOI | 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz050 |
Cover
| Abstract | Abstract
Motivation
For over 10 years allele-level HLA matching for bone marrow registries has been performed in a probabilistic context. HLA typing technologies provide ambiguous results in that they could not distinguish among all known HLA alleles equences; therefore registries have implemented matching algorithms that provide lists of donor and cord blood units ordered in terms of the likelihood of allele-level matching at specific HLA loci. With the growth of registry sizes, current match algorithm implementations are unable to provide match results in real time.
Results
We present here a novel computationally-efficient open source implementation of an HLA imputation and match algorithm using a graph database platform. Using graph traversal, the matching algorithm runtime is practically not affected by registry size. This implementation generates results that agree with consensus output on a publicly-available match algorithm cross-validation dataset.
Availability and implementation
The Python, Perl and Neo4j code is available at https://github.com/nmdp-bioinformatics/grimm.
Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | For over 10 years allele-level HLA matching for bone marrow registries has been performed in a probabilistic context. HLA typing technologies provide ambiguous results in that they could not distinguish among all known HLA alleles equences; therefore registries have implemented matching algorithms that provide lists of donor and cord blood units ordered in terms of the likelihood of allele-level matching at specific HLA loci. With the growth of registry sizes, current match algorithm implementations are unable to provide match results in real time.MOTIVATIONFor over 10 years allele-level HLA matching for bone marrow registries has been performed in a probabilistic context. HLA typing technologies provide ambiguous results in that they could not distinguish among all known HLA alleles equences; therefore registries have implemented matching algorithms that provide lists of donor and cord blood units ordered in terms of the likelihood of allele-level matching at specific HLA loci. With the growth of registry sizes, current match algorithm implementations are unable to provide match results in real time.We present here a novel computationally-efficient open source implementation of an HLA imputation and match algorithm using a graph database platform. Using graph traversal, the matching algorithm runtime is practically not affected by registry size. This implementation generates results that agree with consensus output on a publicly-available match algorithm cross-validation dataset.RESULTSWe present here a novel computationally-efficient open source implementation of an HLA imputation and match algorithm using a graph database platform. Using graph traversal, the matching algorithm runtime is practically not affected by registry size. This implementation generates results that agree with consensus output on a publicly-available match algorithm cross-validation dataset.The Python, Perl and Neo4j code is available at https://github.com/nmdp-bioinformatics/grimm.AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATIONThe Python, Perl and Neo4j code is available at https://github.com/nmdp-bioinformatics/grimm.Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. Abstract Motivation For over 10 years allele-level HLA matching for bone marrow registries has been performed in a probabilistic context. HLA typing technologies provide ambiguous results in that they could not distinguish among all known HLA alleles equences; therefore registries have implemented matching algorithms that provide lists of donor and cord blood units ordered in terms of the likelihood of allele-level matching at specific HLA loci. With the growth of registry sizes, current match algorithm implementations are unable to provide match results in real time. Results We present here a novel computationally-efficient open source implementation of an HLA imputation and match algorithm using a graph database platform. Using graph traversal, the matching algorithm runtime is practically not affected by registry size. This implementation generates results that agree with consensus output on a publicly-available match algorithm cross-validation dataset. Availability and implementation The Python, Perl and Neo4j code is available at https://github.com/nmdp-bioinformatics/grimm. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. For over 10 years allele-level HLA matching for bone marrow registries has been performed in a probabilistic context. HLA typing technologies provide ambiguous results in that they could not distinguish among all known HLA allele equences; therefore registries have implemented matching algorithms that provide lists of donor and cord blood units ordered in terms of the likelihood of allele-level matching at specific HLA loci. With the growth of registry sizes, current match algorithm implementations are unable to provide match results in real time. We present here a novel computationally-efficient open source implementation of an HLA imputation and match algorithm using a graph database platform. Using graph traversal, the matching algorithm runtime is practically not affected by registry size. This implementation generates results that agree with consensus output on a publicly-available match algorithm cross-validation dataset. The Python, Perl and Neo4j code is available at https://github.com/nmdp-bioinformatics/grimm. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. |
| Author | Maiers, Martin Schneider, Joel Halagan, Michael Gragert, Loren Lutsker, Polina Bashyal, Pradeep Brelsford, Jason Louzoun, Yoram |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Martin surname: Maiers fullname: Maiers, Martin organization: Department of biomedical informatics, Center for Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Michael surname: Halagan fullname: Halagan, Michael organization: Department of biomedical informatics, Center for Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Loren surname: Gragert fullname: Gragert, Loren organization: Department of biomedical informatics, Center for Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Pradeep surname: Bashyal fullname: Bashyal, Pradeep organization: Department of biomedical informatics, Center for Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Jason surname: Brelsford fullname: Brelsford, Jason organization: Department of biomedical informatics, Center for Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Joel surname: Schneider fullname: Schneider, Joel organization: Department of biomedical informatics, Center for Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Polina surname: Lutsker fullname: Lutsker, Polina organization: Department of Mathematics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel – sequence: 8 givenname: Yoram surname: Louzoun fullname: Louzoun, Yoram email: louzouy@math.biu.ac.il organization: Department of Mathematics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30689784$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqNkMtOwzAQRS1URB_wCaAs2YSOX4kNK1RBW6kVUgXryHGc1iiNQ5wsytcTlIIEG1jNLM65o7ljNChdaRC6xHCDQdJpap0tc1fvVWO1n6bNO3A4QSPMIggJcDnodhrFIRNAh2js_SsAx4yxMzSkEAkZCzZC0XyzXK9vg_lGVbtgua7apgt0ZaDKLOiy9c6W26C7EyxW98HWlK45VMafo9NcFd5cHOcEvTw-PM8W4eppvpzdr0JNOTShzIDEnIMmjAFNqRIiolmkc0GJyjIMXFChIcdSMiEMMzLHHCJJDZFEU0In6LrPrWr31hrfJHvrtSkKVRrX-oTgWLKYcsE69OqItuneZElV272qD8nXrx3Ae0DXzvva5N8IhuSz0-Rnp0nfaefd_fK07UtqamWLP23obddW_zz4AbWHksk |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_humimm_2021_06_010 crossref_primary_10_1111_tan_15075 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1069749 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_humimm_2021_07_001 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10875_021_01071_x crossref_primary_10_1038_s41596_023_00853_4 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2024_1375352 crossref_primary_10_1111_ajt_16070 crossref_primary_10_1212_NXI_0000000000200103 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_humimm_2023_110721 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000016 10.1111/tan.12390 10.1038/bmt.2010.132 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx397 10.1111/tan.12817 10.1007/s00251-017-1040-4 10.1182/blood-2007-06-097386 10.1182/blood-2012-03-379032 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.07.022 10.1038/75556 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01518.x 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.10.009 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com 2019 – notice: The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION NPM 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz050 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic PubMed |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology |
| EISSN | 1460-2059 1367-4811 |
| EndPage | 3523 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 30689784 10_1093_bioinformatics_btz050 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz050 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: US Office of Naval Research grantid: N00014–17–1–2388 |
| GroupedDBID | -~X .2P 5GY AAMVS ABJNI ABPTD ACGFS ADZXQ ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS F5P HW0 Q5Y RD5 TLC TN5 TOX WH7 --- -E4 .DC .I3 0R~ 23N 2WC 4.4 48X 53G 5WA 70D AAIJN AAIMJ AAJKP AAKPC AAMDB AAOGV AAPQZ AAPXW AAUQX AAVAP AAVLN AAYXX ABEJV ABEUO ABGNP ABIXL ABNKS ABPQP ABQLI ABWST ABXVV ABZBJ ACIWK ACPRK ACUFI ACUXJ ACYTK ADBBV ADEYI ADEZT ADFTL ADGKP ADGZP ADHKW ADHZD ADMLS ADOCK ADPDF ADRDM ADRTK ADVEK ADYVW ADZTZ AECKG AEGPL AEJOX AEKKA AEKSI AELWJ AEMDU AENEX AENZO AEPUE AETBJ AEWNT AFFZL AFGWE AFIYH AFOFC AFRAH AGINJ AGKEF AGQXC AGSYK AHMBA AHXPO AIJHB AJEEA AJEUX AKHUL AKWXX ALTZX ALUQC AMNDL APIBT APWMN ARIXL ASPBG AVWKF AXUDD AYOIW AZVOD BAWUL BAYMD BHONS BQDIO BQUQU BSWAC BTQHN C45 CDBKE CITATION CS3 CZ4 DAKXR DIK DILTD DU5 D~K EBD EBS EE~ EMOBN F9B FEDTE FHSFR FLIZI FLUFQ FOEOM FQBLK GAUVT GJXCC GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 H13 H5~ HAR HZ~ IOX J21 JXSIZ KAQDR KOP KQ8 KSI KSN M-Z MK~ ML0 N9A NGC NLBLG NMDNZ NOMLY NU- O9- OAWHX ODMLO OJQWA OK1 OVD OVEED P2P PAFKI PEELM PQQKQ Q1. R44 RNS ROL RPM RUSNO RW1 RXO SV3 TEORI TJP TR2 W8F WOQ X7H YAYTL YKOAZ YXANX ZKX ~91 ~KM ADRIX AFXEN BCRHZ EJD M49 NPM ROX 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c350t-9d027550c24403b3a8863d6cf832add105838c0f199488e4e9f150693e292c323 |
| IEDL.DBID | TOX |
| ISSN | 1367-4803 1367-4811 |
| IngestDate | Fri Jul 11 15:12:30 EDT 2025 Wed Feb 19 02:33:54 EST 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:02:46 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:33:48 EDT 2025 Wed Apr 02 07:04:42 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 18 |
| Language | English |
| License | This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c350t-9d027550c24403b3a8863d6cf832add105838c0f199488e4e9f150693e292c323 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| PMID | 30689784 |
| PQID | 2179473584 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 4 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2179473584 pubmed_primary_30689784 crossref_primary_10_1093_bioinformatics_btz050 crossref_citationtrail_10_1093_bioinformatics_btz050 oup_primary_10_1093_bioinformatics_btz050 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2019-09-15 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-09-15 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 09 year: 2019 text: 2019-09-15 day: 15 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | England |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | Bioinformatics |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Bioinformatics |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Oxford University Press |
| References | Dehn (2023013108062894600_btz050-B4) 2016; 22 Spellman (2023013108062894600_btz050-B12) 2012; 120 Lee (2023013108062894600_btz050-B7) 2007; 110 Madbouly (2023013108062894600_btz050-B10) 2014; 84 Bochtler (2023013108062894600_btz050-B2) 2016; 87 Bochtler (2023013108062894600_btz050-B3) 2011; 46 Ashburner (2023013108062894600_btz050-B1) 2000; 25 Listgarten (2023013108062894600_btz050-B8) 2008; 4 Mughal (2023013108062894600_btz050-B11) 2017; 33 Eberhard (2023013108062894600_btz050-B5) 2010; 76 Kollman (2023013108062894600_btz050-B6) 2007; 68 Louzoun (2023013108062894600_btz050-B9) 2018; 70 |
| References_xml | – volume: 4 start-page: e1000016 year: 2008 ident: 2023013108062894600_btz050-B8 article-title: Statistical resolution of ambiguous HLA typing data publication-title: PLoS Computat. Biol. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000016 – volume: 84 start-page: 285 year: 2014 ident: 2023013108062894600_btz050-B10 article-title: Validation of statistical imputation of allele-level multilocus phased genotypes from ambiguous HLA assignments publication-title: Tissue Antigens doi: 10.1111/tan.12390 – volume: 46 start-page: 338 year: 2011 ident: 2023013108062894600_btz050-B3 article-title: World Marrow Donor Association framework for the implementation of HLA matching programs in hematopoietic stem cell donor registries and cord blood banks publication-title: Bone Marrow Transplant. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2010.132 – volume: 33 start-page: 3317 year: 2017 ident: 2023013108062894600_btz050-B11 article-title: Pheno4J: a gene to phenotype graph database publication-title: Bioinformatics doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx397 – volume: 87 start-page: 439 year: 2016 ident: 2023013108062894600_btz050-B2 article-title: A comparative reference study for the validation of HLA-matching algorithms in the search for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell donors and cord blood units publication-title: HLA doi: 10.1111/tan.12817 – volume: 70 start-page: 279 year: 2018 ident: 2023013108062894600_btz050-B9 article-title: Modeling coverage gaps in haplotype frequencies via Bayesian inference to improve stem cell donor selection publication-title: Immunogenetics doi: 10.1007/s00251-017-1040-4 – volume: 110 start-page: 4576 year: 2007 ident: 2023013108062894600_btz050-B7 article-title: High-resolution donor-recipient HLA matching contributes to the success of unrelated donor marrow transplantation publication-title: Blood doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-06-097386 – volume: 120 start-page: 259 year: 2012 ident: 2023013108062894600_btz050-B12 article-title: A perspective on the selection of unrelated donors and cord blood units for transplantation publication-title: Blood doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-03-379032 – volume: 22 start-page: 2038 year: 2016 ident: 2023013108062894600_btz050-B4 article-title: HapLogic: a predictive human leukocyte antigen–matching algorithm to enhance rapid identification of the optimal unrelated hematopoietic stem cell sources for transplantation publication-title: Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.07.022 – volume: 25 start-page: 25 year: 2000 ident: 2023013108062894600_btz050-B1 article-title: Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology publication-title: Nat. Genet. doi: 10.1038/75556 – volume: 76 start-page: 352 year: 2010 ident: 2023013108062894600_btz050-B5 article-title: Estimating unbiased haplotype frequencies from stem cell donor samples typed at heterogeneous resolutions: a practical study based on over 1 million German donors publication-title: Tissue Antigens doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01518.x – volume: 68 start-page: 950 year: 2007 ident: 2023013108062894600_btz050-B6 article-title: Estimation of HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 haplotype frequencies using mixed resolution data from a national registry with selective retyping of volunteers publication-title: Hum. Immunol. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.10.009 |
| SSID | ssj0051444 ssj0005056 |
| Score | 2.3870406 |
| Snippet | Abstract
Motivation
For over 10 years allele-level HLA matching for bone marrow registries has been performed in a probabilistic context. HLA typing... For over 10 years allele-level HLA matching for bone marrow registries has been performed in a probabilistic context. HLA typing technologies provide ambiguous... For over 10 years allele-level HLA matching for bone marrow registries has been performed in a probabilistic context. HLA typing technologies provide ambiguous... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref oup |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 3520 |
| Title | GRIMM: GRaph IMputation and matching for HLA genotypes |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30689784 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2179473584 |
| Volume | 35 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Open Access Digital Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1460-2059 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0005056 issn: 1367-4803 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 19960101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries – providerCode: PRVEBS databaseName: Inspec with Full Text customDbUrl: eissn: 1460-2059 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005056 issn: 1367-4803 databaseCode: ADMLS dateStart: 19980101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/inspec-full-text providerName: EBSCOhost – providerCode: PRVBFR databaseName: Free Medical Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1460-2059 dateEnd: 20241102 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0005056 issn: 1367-4803 databaseCode: DIK dateStart: 19960101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.freemedicaljournals.com providerName: Flying Publisher – providerCode: PRVFQY databaseName: GFMER Free Medical Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1460-2059 dateEnd: 20241102 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0005056 issn: 1367-4803 databaseCode: GX1 dateStart: 19960101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.gfmer.ch/Medical_journals/Free_medical.php providerName: Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research – providerCode: PRVAQN databaseName: PubMed Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1460-2059 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0005056 issn: 1367-4803 databaseCode: RPM dateStart: 20070101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ providerName: National Library of Medicine – providerCode: PRVOVD databaseName: Journals@Ovid LWW All Open Access Journal Collection Rolling customDbUrl: eissn: 1460-2059 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0005056 issn: 1367-4803 databaseCode: OVEED dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ providerName: Ovid – providerCode: PRVASL databaseName: Oxford Journals Open Access Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1460-2059 dateEnd: 20220930 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0005056 issn: 1367-4803 databaseCode: TOX dateStart: 19850101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://academic.oup.com/journals/ providerName: Oxford University Press – providerCode: PRVASL databaseName: Oxford Journals Open Access Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1460-2059 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0005056 issn: 1367-4803 databaseCode: TOX dateStart: 19850101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://academic.oup.com/journals/ providerName: Oxford University Press |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3dS8MwEA9DEHwRv51fRPDFh7qsl7aJb0PchziFscHeStMmKEg3XPegf72XpptMEfWx0FzKXZL7pXf3O0Iu0CdkRhub3S-UxzPpe4lqao9xhB8yS2WWlAmyD2F3xO_GwbhG2KIW5msIX0JDPU8qElFLXNxQxTsrL-koy7YsGD6OP3M6mGWGcQ-IBLhraWuZvQWDRf3OTyJXPNNKtds30Fk6n_YW2axQI205M2-Tms53yLrrI_m2S8LOoNfvX9POIJk-0V5_OncBdprkGcXZy3xJil9Cu_ctamlZ7Z_X2R4ZtW-HN12vaojgpRCwwpOZDTIGLEWfzEBBIkQIWZga3JZ4TiFUEiBSZizfrxCaa2ksgaAE7Us_BR_2yVo-yfUhoTwwKlIBmCACroyWCFwEhAZ8ZiIV8jrhC2XEacUWbptWvMQuag3xqg5jp8M6uVoOmzq6jN8GXKKm__ru-cIeMW4CG9lIcj2Zz2LfHisRIJiqkwNnqKVIvBMJvCrzo3_MdEw2EBiVuWTN4ISsFa9zfYrgo1Bn5YL7AJPl2B4 |
| linkProvider | Oxford University Press |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=GRIMM%3A+GRaph+IMputation+and+Matching+for+HLA+Genotypes&rft.jtitle=Bioinformatics+%28Oxford%2C+England%29&rft.au=Maiers%2C+Martin&rft.au=Halagan%2C+Michael&rft.au=Gragert%2C+Loren&rft.au=Bashyal%2C+Pradeep&rft.date=2019-09-15&rft.eissn=1367-4811&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fbioinformatics%2Fbtz050&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30689784&rft.externalDocID=30689784 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1367-4803&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1367-4803&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1367-4803&client=summon |