Proportional-Integral Observer Design for Multirate-Networked Systems Under Constrained Bit Rate: An Encoding-Decoding Mechanism
In this article, the proportional-integral observer design problem is studied for a class of multirate networked systems subject to constrained bit rate. The sensor sampling period is allowed to be different from the system updating period and, to facilitate the observer design, the underlying multi...
        Saved in:
      
    
          | Published in | IEEE transactions on cybernetics Vol. 53; no. 7; pp. 4280 - 4291 | 
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , | 
| Format | Journal Article | 
| Language | English | 
| Published | 
        United States
          IEEE
    
        01.07.2023
     The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)  | 
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text | 
| ISSN | 2168-2267 2168-2275 2168-2275  | 
| DOI | 10.1109/TCYB.2022.3165041 | 
Cover
| Abstract | In this article, the proportional-integral observer design problem is studied for a class of multirate networked systems subject to constrained bit rate. The sensor sampling period is allowed to be different from the system updating period and, to facilitate the observer design, the underlying multirate system is cast into a general single-rate one by resorting to the lifting technique. In order to curb the communication burden and promote the data security, the encoding-decoding procedure is implemented on the sensor-to-observer channel to convert the measurement signals into binary codewords. A sufficient condition is first proposed to reveal the fundamental relationship between the bit-rate constraints and the decoding accuracy, and then the exponentially ultimate boundedness of the error dynamics is assessed with the aid of the Lyapunov method. Subsequently, the desired observer gains are determined by solving two optimization problems with the aim to achieve two distinct performance indices, namely, the smallest ultimate bound and the fastest decay rate. Finally, the validity of the developed observer design approach is thoroughly demonstrated via the simulation examples. | 
    
|---|---|
| AbstractList | In this article, the proportional-integral observer design problem is studied for a class of multirate networked systems subject to constrained bit rate. The sensor sampling period is allowed to be different from the system updating period and, to facilitate the observer design, the underlying multirate system is cast into a general single-rate one by resorting to the lifting technique. In order to curb the communication burden and promote the data security, the encoding-decoding procedure is implemented on the sensor-to-observer channel to convert the measurement signals into binary codewords. A sufficient condition is first proposed to reveal the fundamental relationship between the bit-rate constraints and the decoding accuracy, and then the exponentially ultimate boundedness of the error dynamics is assessed with the aid of the Lyapunov method. Subsequently, the desired observer gains are determined by solving two optimization problems with the aim to achieve two distinct performance indices, namely, the smallest ultimate bound and the fastest decay rate. Finally, the validity of the developed observer design approach is thoroughly demonstrated via the simulation examples. In this article, the proportional-integral observer design problem is studied for a class of multirate networked systems subject to constrained bit rate. The sensor sampling period is allowed to be different from the system updating period and, to facilitate the observer design, the underlying multirate system is cast into a general single-rate one by resorting to the lifting technique. In order to curb the communication burden and promote the data security, the encoding-decoding procedure is implemented on the sensor-to-observer channel to convert the measurement signals into binary codewords. A sufficient condition is first proposed to reveal the fundamental relationship between the bit-rate constraints and the decoding accuracy, and then the exponentially ultimate boundedness of the error dynamics is assessed with the aid of the Lyapunov method. Subsequently, the desired observer gains are determined by solving two optimization problems with the aim to achieve two distinct performance indices, namely, the smallest ultimate bound and the fastest decay rate. Finally, the validity of the developed observer design approach is thoroughly demonstrated via the simulation examples.In this article, the proportional-integral observer design problem is studied for a class of multirate networked systems subject to constrained bit rate. The sensor sampling period is allowed to be different from the system updating period and, to facilitate the observer design, the underlying multirate system is cast into a general single-rate one by resorting to the lifting technique. In order to curb the communication burden and promote the data security, the encoding-decoding procedure is implemented on the sensor-to-observer channel to convert the measurement signals into binary codewords. A sufficient condition is first proposed to reveal the fundamental relationship between the bit-rate constraints and the decoding accuracy, and then the exponentially ultimate boundedness of the error dynamics is assessed with the aid of the Lyapunov method. Subsequently, the desired observer gains are determined by solving two optimization problems with the aim to achieve two distinct performance indices, namely, the smallest ultimate bound and the fastest decay rate. Finally, the validity of the developed observer design approach is thoroughly demonstrated via the simulation examples.  | 
    
| Author | Wei, Guoliang Zhao, Di Wang, Zidong Wang, Licheng  | 
    
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Di orcidid: 0000-0002-8575-0294 surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Di email: zhaodi0907520@163.com organization: College of Science and the Biomedical Engineering Postdoctoral Research Mobile Station, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Zidong orcidid: 0000-0002-9576-7401 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Zidong email: zidong.wang@brunel.ac.uk organization: Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, U.K – sequence: 3 givenname: Licheng orcidid: 0000-0001-5333-5881 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Licheng email: wanglicheng1217@163.com organization: Department of Control Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Guoliang orcidid: 0000-0003-2928-4142 surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Guoliang email: guoliang.wei@usst.edu.cn organization: Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China  | 
    
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35468076$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed | 
    
| BookMark | eNp9kUFv1DAQhS1UREvpD0BIyFIvXLLYTmwn3NptaSu1FEF74BQ59mRxSezFdkC98dNxtMseesAXj2a-NyO99xLtOe8AodeULCglzfu75bfTBSOMLUoqOKnoM3TAqKgLxiTf29VC7qOjGB9IfnVuNfULtF_yStREigP053Pwax-S9U4NxZVLsApqwLddhPALAj6DaFcO9z7gm2lINqgExSdIv334AQZ_fYwJxojvncnw0ruYgrIuT05twl8y_AGfOHzutDfWrYoz2BT4BvR35WwcX6HnvRoiHG3_Q3T_8fxueVlc315cLU-uC11WTSpUwwXttBGMUN1rYowuO1L3wvS6UooT1XHTiKaTUpvOgKqU0T1rJKGNYR0rD9G7zd518D8niKkdbdQwDMqBn2LLBOdckFrwjB4_QR_8FLI_maqZqKQsxbzw7ZaauhFMuw52VOGx_edtBugG0MHHGKDfIZS0c4TtHGE7R9huI8wa-USjbVJzOrOvw3-VbzZKCwC7S40UrG6q8i-ha6o1 | 
    
| CODEN | ITCEB8 | 
    
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1109_TSMC_2024_3495833 crossref_primary_10_3390_pr11051375 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nahs_2024_101547 crossref_primary_10_1002_asjc_3288 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2025_3528653 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIV_2023_3335866 crossref_primary_10_12677_PM_2024_145193 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jfranklin_2024_106708 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCYB_2023_3337779 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSMC_2024_3391065 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2023_126905 crossref_primary_10_1177_10775463241267037  | 
    
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/TAC.2012.2199152 10.1109/TCYB.2019.2924450 10.1080/00207721.2021.1917721 10.1080/00207721.2021.1885082 10.1109/TAC.2016.2618000 10.1109/CDC.1997.650751 10.1109/9.623096 10.1016/j.ins.2020.07.041 10.1109/TAC.2016.2539221 10.1080/00207721.2021.1998722 10.1016/j.automatica.2012.06.027 10.1109/9.763226 10.1016/j.automatica.2009.05.022 10.1109/TAC.2010.2049522 10.1016/j.sigpro.2013.09.015 10.1137/S0363012902402116 10.1109/TAC.2011.2164017 10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.05.049 10.1109/CDC.2006.377483 10.1016/j.automatica.2019.108557 10.1109/TAC.2004.841889 10.1016/S0005-1098(02)00285-6 10.1109/TAC.2017.2757602 10.1109/TCYB.2018.2863664 10.1002/rnc.4590050706 10.1109/TAC.2009.2031204 10.3390/s20226445 10.1109/TAC.2006.875019 10.1080/00207721.2014.973466 10.1109/9.508916 10.1016/j.automatica.2011.05.020 10.1109/TAC.2010.2068590 10.23919/ACC.2019.8814662 10.1080/00207721.2021.2005178 10.1109/TCYB.2017.2740309 10.1109/TII.2012.2219540 10.1109/JPROC.2006.887294 10.1109/TSP.2017.2686375 10.1080/00207178908953350 10.1016/j.inffus.2016.12.003 10.1016/j.automatica.2009.11.019 10.1109/TAC.2004.831187 10.1016/j.automatica.2013.04.044 10.1109/TSMC.2020.3010825 10.1109/TNNLS.2018.2817244 10.1080/00207729508929120 10.1109/TCST.2011.2172444  | 
    
| ContentType | Journal Article | 
    
| Copyright | Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2023 | 
    
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2023 | 
    
| DBID | 97E RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION NPM 7SC 7SP 7TB 8FD F28 FR3 H8D JQ2 L7M L~C L~D 7X8  | 
    
| DOI | 10.1109/TCYB.2022.3165041 | 
    
| DatabaseName | IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE Xplore : IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) [unlimited simultaenous users] CrossRef PubMed Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Technology Research Database ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Engineering Research Database Aerospace Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts  Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional MEDLINE - Academic  | 
    
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed Aerospace Database Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Engineering Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional MEDLINE - Academic  | 
    
| DatabaseTitleList | PubMed Aerospace Database MEDLINE - Academic  | 
    
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Xplore : IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) [unlimited simultaenous users] url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher  | 
    
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc | 
    
| Discipline | Sciences (General) | 
    
| EISSN | 2168-2275 | 
    
| EndPage | 4291 | 
    
| ExternalDocumentID | 35468076 10_1109_TCYB_2022_3165041 9762894  | 
    
| Genre | orig-research Journal Article  | 
    
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany funderid: 10.13039/100005156 – fundername: China Postdoctoral Science Foundation grantid: 2019TQ0202; 2020M671172 funderid: 10.13039/501100002858 – fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China grantid: 62103281; 62003213; 61873148; 61873169; 61933007 funderid: 10.13039/501100001809 – fundername: Shanghai Pujiang Program of China grantid: 19PJ1408100 – fundername: Royal Society of the U.K. funderid: 10.13039/501100000288  | 
    
| GroupedDBID | 0R~ 4.4 6IK 97E AAJGR AARMG AASAJ AAWTH ABAZT ABQJQ ABVLG ACIWK AENEX AGQYO AGSQL AHBIQ AKJIK AKQYR ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ATWAV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ EBS EJD HZ~ IFIPE IPLJI JAVBF M43 O9- OCL PQQKQ RIA RIE RNS AAYXX CITATION NPM RIG 7SC 7SP 7TB 8FD F28 FR3 H8D JQ2 L7M L~C L~D 7X8  | 
    
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c349t-a9561bcd6201cfc0ddc3b08f6dfc4aa50ab5d969b77cdbdea4adcf297019d2b23 | 
    
| IEDL.DBID | RIE | 
    
| ISSN | 2168-2267 2168-2275  | 
    
| IngestDate | Sun Sep 28 01:02:38 EDT 2025 Mon Jun 30 05:50:37 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:41:37 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:06:33 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 01:36:44 EDT 2025 Wed Aug 27 02:25:54 EDT 2025  | 
    
| IsPeerReviewed | true | 
    
| IsScholarly | true | 
    
| Issue | 7 | 
    
| Language | English | 
    
| License | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037  | 
    
| LinkModel | DirectLink | 
    
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c349t-a9561bcd6201cfc0ddc3b08f6dfc4aa50ab5d969b77cdbdea4adcf297019d2b23 | 
    
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23  | 
    
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5333-5881 0000-0002-9576-7401 0000-0002-8575-0294 0000-0003-2928-4142  | 
    
| PMID | 35468076 | 
    
| PQID | 2826477362 | 
    
| PQPubID | 85422 | 
    
| PageCount | 12 | 
    
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2655560865 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCYB_2022_3165041 crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TCYB_2022_3165041 ieee_primary_9762894 proquest_journals_2826477362 pubmed_primary_35468076  | 
    
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX  | 
    
| PublicationCentury | 2000 | 
    
| PublicationDate | 2023-07-01 | 
    
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2023-07-01 | 
    
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2023 text: 2023-07-01 day: 01  | 
    
| PublicationDecade | 2020 | 
    
| PublicationPlace | United States | 
    
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: Piscataway  | 
    
| PublicationTitle | IEEE transactions on cybernetics | 
    
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | TCYB | 
    
| PublicationTitleAlternate | IEEE Trans Cybern | 
    
| PublicationYear | 2023 | 
    
| Publisher | IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)  | 
    
| Publisher_xml | – name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)  | 
    
| References | ref13 ref35 ref12 ref34 ref15 ref37 ref14 ref36 ref31 ref30 ref11 ref33 ref10 ref32 ref2 ref1 ref17 ref39 ref18 ref24 ref46 ref23 ref45 ref26 ref48 ref25 ref47 ref20 ref42 ref41 ref22 ref44 ref21 ref43 ref28 ref27 wojciechowski (ref38) 1978 ref29 ref8 ref7 ref9 ref4 ref3 ref6 li (ref19) 2012; 57 ref5 ref40 kim (ref16) 2010; 55  | 
    
| References_xml | – volume: 57 start-page: 3023 year: 2012 ident: ref19 article-title: Distributed coordination of multi-agent systems with quantized-observer based encoding-decoding publication-title: IEEE Trans Autom Control doi: 10.1109/TAC.2012.2199152 – ident: ref45 doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2019.2924450 – ident: ref48 doi: 10.1080/00207721.2021.1917721 – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1080/00207721.2021.1885082 – ident: ref23 doi: 10.1109/TAC.2016.2618000 – ident: ref26 doi: 10.1109/CDC.1997.650751 – ident: ref39 doi: 10.1109/9.623096 – ident: ref21 doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2020.07.041 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1109/TAC.2016.2539221 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1080/00207721.2021.1998722 – ident: ref43 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2012.06.027 – ident: ref40 doi: 10.1109/9.763226 – ident: ref47 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2009.05.022 – volume: 55 start-page: 1905 year: 2010 ident: ref16 article-title: Disturbance observer for estimating higher order disturbances in time series expansion publication-title: IEEE Trans Autom Control doi: 10.1109/TAC.2010.2049522 – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2013.09.015 – ident: ref28 doi: 10.1137/S0363012902402116 – ident: ref41 doi: 10.1109/TAC.2011.2164017 – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.05.049 – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1109/CDC.2006.377483 – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2019.108557 – ident: ref17 doi: 10.1109/TAC.2004.841889 – ident: ref27 doi: 10.1016/S0005-1098(02)00285-6 – ident: ref24 doi: 10.1109/TAC.2017.2757602 – ident: ref37 doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2018.2863664 – ident: ref30 doi: 10.1002/rnc.4590050706 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1109/TAC.2009.2031204 – ident: ref5 doi: 10.3390/s20226445 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/TAC.2006.875019 – ident: ref3 doi: 10.1080/00207721.2014.973466 – ident: ref32 doi: 10.1109/9.508916 – ident: ref46 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2011.05.020 – ident: ref42 doi: 10.1109/TAC.2010.2068590 – ident: ref10 doi: 10.23919/ACC.2019.8814662 – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1080/00207721.2021.2005178 – ident: ref36 doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2017.2740309 – year: 1978 ident: ref38 article-title: Analysis and synthesis of proportional-intergral observers for single-input single-output time-invariant continuous systems – ident: ref44 doi: 10.1109/TII.2012.2219540 – ident: ref29 doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2006.887294 – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2017.2686375 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1080/00207178908953350 – ident: ref34 doi: 10.1016/j.inffus.2016.12.003 – ident: ref22 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2009.11.019 – ident: ref35 doi: 10.1109/TAC.2004.831187 – ident: ref25 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2013.04.044 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1109/TSMC.2020.3010825 – ident: ref20 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2018.2817244 – ident: ref33 doi: 10.1080/00207729508929120 – ident: ref31 doi: 10.1109/TCST.2011.2172444  | 
    
| SSID | ssj0000816898 | 
    
| Score | 2.4437752 | 
    
| Snippet | In this article, the proportional-integral observer design problem is studied for a class of multirate networked systems subject to constrained bit rate. The... | 
    
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref ieee  | 
    
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher  | 
    
| StartPage | 4280 | 
    
| SubjectTerms | Bit rate Coding Constrained bit rate Constraints Decay rate Decoding Digital communication Encoding encoding–decoding mechanism (EDM) multirate sampling Observers Optimization Performance indices Proportional integral proportional-integral observer (PIO) Quantization (signal)  | 
    
| Title | Proportional-Integral Observer Design for Multirate-Networked Systems Under Constrained Bit Rate: An Encoding-Decoding Mechanism | 
    
| URI | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9762894 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35468076 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2826477362 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2655560865  | 
    
| Volume | 53 | 
    
| hasFullText | 1 | 
    
| inHoldings | 1 | 
    
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVIEE databaseName: IEEE Xplore : IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) [unlimited simultaenous users] customDbUrl: eissn: 2168-2275 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000816898 issn: 2168-2267 databaseCode: RIE dateStart: 20130101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ providerName: IEEE  | 
    
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9QwEB61PXEBSnmEFmQkDoDw1ps4TsytTxWkLQi1UjlF8SNSRclWu9kLJ346M7Y3QggQUg6WMnlYY8vf2DPfB_BSOGO0tY47pwUnSM1NV2teIziedlrlvqAC59m5OruUH67Kqw14O9bCeO9D8pmfUDOc5bu5XdFW2T4unRgfyE3YrGoVa7XG_ZQgIBGkb3NscEQVVTrEnAq9f3H05RCDwTzHGBUxiSSBmKKUqhZENvLLihQkVv6ONsOqc3oPZuv_jckmXyerwUzs99-oHP-3Q_fhboKf7CCOl23Y8P0D2E4TfMleJRbq1zvw4xPpJyziViF_H1klbthHQ9u4fsGOQ-oHQ8zLQhEvUU7w85hU7h1LTOgs6CoxkgUNYhR45_B6YJ_R-B076NlJb-e0evJjHxts5qkW-Xr57SFcnp5cHJ3xJNfAbSH1wFuqkTXWKcQUtrPCOVsYUXfKdVa2bSlaUzqttKkq64zzrWyd7XJNhPAuN3nxCLb6ee-fAJs6abzzrvKVkVKrViqFhrYs8SpanYFYu6yxicucenHThJhG6IYc3pDDm-TwDN6Mj9xGIo9_Ge-Qs0bD5KcM9tbjoklTfdlgzErFvAgEMngx3sZJSicvbe_nK7RRZYnQslZlBo_jeBrfvR6GT__8zV24Qwr3MUN4D7aGxco_Qxw0mOdhAvwEXBQDoQ | 
    
| linkProvider | IEEE | 
    
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9QwEB6VcoALUMpjoYCROADC22xiOzG3PrWF7oLQViqnKH5Eqtpm0W72womfzoydjRAChJSDpUwe1tjyN_bM9wG8Spwx2lrHndMJJ0jNTV1oXiA4HtVapT6jAufJVI3PxIdzeb4B7_paGO99SD7zQ2qGs3w3tyvaKtvFpRPjA3EDbkohhIzVWv2OSpCQCOK3KTY44oq8O8YcJXp3dvB1H8PBNMUoFVGJIImYTApVJEQ38suaFERW_o43w7pzfBcm6z-O6SaXw1Vrhvb7b2SO_9ule3CnA6BsL46YLdjwzX3Y6qb4kr3ueKjfbMOPz6SgsIibhfwk8kpcsU-GNnL9gh2G5A-GqJeFMl4ineDTmFbuHeu40FlQVmIkDBrkKPDO_kXLvqDxe7bXsKPGzmn95Ic-NtjEUzXyxfL6AZwdH80OxrwTbOA2E7rlFVXJGusUogpb28Q5m5mkqJWrragqmVRGOq20yXPrjPOVqJytU02U8C41afYQNpt54x8DGzlhvPMu97kRQqtKKIWGVkq8skoPIFm7rLQdmzn14qoMUU2iS3J4SQ4vO4cP4G3_yLdI5fEv421yVm_Y-WkAO-txUXaTfVli1ErlvAgFBvCyv43TlM5eqsbPV2ijpERwWSg5gEdxPPXvXg_DJ3_-5gu4NZ5NTsvTk-nHp3Cb9O5jvvAObLaLlX-GqKg1z8Nk-AkTegbu | 
    
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Proportional-Integral+Observer+Design+for+Multirate-Networked+Systems+Under+Constrained+Bit+Rate%3A+An+Encoding%E2%80%93Decoding+Mechanism&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+cybernetics&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Di&rft.au=Wang%2C+Zidong&rft.au=Wang%2C+Licheng&rft.au=Wei%2C+Guoliang&rft.date=2023-07-01&rft.issn=2168-2267&rft.eissn=2168-2275&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=4280&rft.epage=4291&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTCYB.2022.3165041&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_TCYB_2022_3165041 | 
    
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2168-2267&client=summon | 
    
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2168-2267&client=summon | 
    
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2168-2267&client=summon |