Straight Line Triangle Representations

A straight line triangle representation (SLTR) of a planar graph is a straight line drawing such that all the faces including the outer face have triangular shape. Such a drawing can be viewed as a tiling of a triangle using triangles with the input graph as skeletal structure. In this paper we pres...

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Published inDiscrete & computational geometry Vol. 57; no. 2; pp. 257 - 280
Main Authors Aerts, Nieke, Felsner, Stefan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer US 01.03.2017
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0179-5376
1432-0444
DOI10.1007/s00454-016-9850-y

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Abstract A straight line triangle representation (SLTR) of a planar graph is a straight line drawing such that all the faces including the outer face have triangular shape. Such a drawing can be viewed as a tiling of a triangle using triangles with the input graph as skeletal structure. In this paper we present a characterization of graphs that have an SLTR. The characterization is based on flat angle assignments, i.e., selections of angles of the graph that have size π in the representation. We also provide a second characterization in terms of contact systems of pseudosegments. With the aid of discrete harmonic functions we show that contact systems of pseudosegments that respect certain conditions are stretchable. The stretching procedure is then used to get straight line triangle representations. Since the discrete harmonic function approach is quite flexible it allows further applications, we mention some of them. The drawback of the characterization of SLTRs is that we are not able to effectively check whether a given graph admits a flat angle assignment that fulfills the conditions. Hence it is still open to decide whether the recognition of graphs that admit straight line triangle representation is polynomially tractable.
AbstractList (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image).A straight line triangle representation (SLTR) of a planar graph is a straight line drawing such that all the faces including the outer face have triangular shape. Such a drawing can be viewed as a tiling of a triangle using triangles with the input graph as skeletal structure. In this paper we present a characterization of graphs that have an SLTR. The characterization is based on flat angle assignments, i.e., selections of angles of the graph that have size ... in the representation. We also provide a second characterization in terms of contact systems of pseudosegments. With the aid of discrete harmonic functions we show that contact systems of pseudosegments that respect certain conditions are stretchable. The stretching procedure is then used to get straight line triangle representations. Since the discrete harmonic function approach is quite flexible it allows further applications, we mention some of them. The drawback of the characterization of SLTRs is that we are not able to effectively check whether a given graph admits a flat angle assignment that fulfills the conditions. Hence it is still open to decide whether the recognition of graphs that admit straight line triangle representation is polynomially tractable.
A straight line triangle representation (SLTR) of a planar graph is a straight line drawing such that all the faces including the outer face have triangular shape. Such a drawing can be viewed as a tiling of a triangle using triangles with the input graph as skeletal structure. In this paper we present a characterization of graphs that have an SLTR. The characterization is based on flat angle assignments, i.e., selections of angles of the graph that have size π in the representation. We also provide a second characterization in terms of contact systems of pseudosegments. With the aid of discrete harmonic functions we show that contact systems of pseudosegments that respect certain conditions are stretchable. The stretching procedure is then used to get straight line triangle representations. Since the discrete harmonic function approach is quite flexible it allows further applications, we mention some of them. The drawback of the characterization of SLTRs is that we are not able to effectively check whether a given graph admits a flat angle assignment that fulfills the conditions. Hence it is still open to decide whether the recognition of graphs that admit straight line triangle representation is polynomially tractable.
Author Felsner, Stefan
Aerts, Nieke
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Cites_doi 10.1007/978-3-319-03841-4_14
10.1016/j.comgeo.2004.07.003
10.1023/B:ORDE.0000009251.68514.8b
10.1023/A:1010604726900
10.1007/978-3-642-36763-2_18
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10.1112/plms/s3-13.1.743
10.1007/s00454-007-9027-9
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Keywords 05C10
Discrete harmonic functions
Triangles
Planar graphs
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Straight line drawings
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References Kobourov, S.G., Mondal, D., Nishat, R.I.: Touching triangle representations for 3-connected planar graphs. In: Proceedings of the Graph Drawing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7704, pp. 199–210. Springer, New York (2012)
KenyonRSheffieldSDimers, tilings and treesJ. Comb. Theory Ser. B200492295317209914510.1016/j.jctb.2004.07.0011055.05032
Alam, M.J., Fowler, J., Kobourov, S.G.: Outerplanar graphs with proper touching triangle representations (unpublished)
FelsnerSZickfeldFOn the number of planar orientations with prescribed degreesElectron. J. Comb.20081541p24114541182.05058
Fowler, J.J.: Strongly-connected outerplanar graphs with proper touching triangle representations. In: Proceedings of the Graph Drawing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8242, pp. 156–161. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
MillerEPlanar graphs as minimal resolutions of trivariate monomial idealsDoc. Math.20027439019112100989.05026
HaasROrdenDRoteGSantosFServatiusBServatiusHSouvaineDLStreinuIWhiteleyWPlanar minimally rigid graphs and pseudo-triangulationsComput. Geom.2005313161213180210.1016/j.comgeo.2004.07.0031070.65014
AertsNFelsnerSStraight-line triangle representations via Schnyder labelingsJ. Graph Alg. Appl.201519467505341260710.7155/jgaa.003721323.05093
Aerts, N., Felsner, S.: Henneberg steps for triangle representations. In: Proceedings EuroComb 2013, CRM, vol. 16, pp. 503–509. Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa (2013)
de FraysseixHde MendezPORosenstiehlPOn triangle contact graphsComb. Probab. Comput.1994302233246128844210.1017/S09635483000011390807.05028
GonçalvesDLévêqueBPinlouATriangle contact representations and dualityDiscrete Comput. Geom.2012481239254291720910.1007/s00454-012-9400-11247.52003
FelsnerSConvex drawings of planar graphs and the order dimension of 3-polytopesOrder2001181937184451410.1023/A:10106047269000984.05029
Gansner, E.R., Hu, Y., Kobourov, S.G.: On touching triangle graphs. In: Proceedings of the Graph Drawing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6502, pp. 250–261. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
FelsnerSLattice structures from planar graphsElectron. J. Comb.200411R1524p20353091056.05039
Schnyder, W.: Embedding planar graphs on the grid. In: Proceedings of the ACM–SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 138–148 (1990)
de FraysseixHde MendezPOBarycentric systems and stretchabilityDiscrete Appl. Math.200715510791095232101610.1016/j.dam.2005.12.0091117.05033
TutteWTHow to draw a graphProc. Lond. Math. Soc.19631374376715838710.1112/plms/s3-13.1.7430115.40805
FelsnerSZickfeldFSchnyder woods and orthogonal surfacesDiscrete Comput. Geom.200840103126242965010.1007/s00454-007-9027-91148.05026
FelsnerSGeodesic embeddings and planar graphsOrder200320135150203119110.1023/B:ORDE.0000009251.68514.8b1033.05028
Lovász, L.: Geometric representations of graphs (Draft version December 11, 2009). http://www.cs.elte.hu/~lovasz/geomrep.pdf
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References_xml – reference: Schnyder, W.: Embedding planar graphs on the grid. In: Proceedings of the ACM–SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 138–148 (1990)
– reference: Kobourov, S.G., Mondal, D., Nishat, R.I.: Touching triangle representations for 3-connected planar graphs. In: Proceedings of the Graph Drawing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7704, pp. 199–210. Springer, New York (2012)
– reference: de FraysseixHde MendezPOBarycentric systems and stretchabilityDiscrete Appl. Math.200715510791095232101610.1016/j.dam.2005.12.0091117.05033
– reference: de FraysseixHde MendezPORosenstiehlPOn triangle contact graphsComb. Probab. Comput.1994302233246128844210.1017/S09635483000011390807.05028
– reference: KenyonRSheffieldSDimers, tilings and treesJ. Comb. Theory Ser. B200492295317209914510.1016/j.jctb.2004.07.0011055.05032
– reference: Gansner, E.R., Hu, Y., Kobourov, S.G.: On touching triangle graphs. In: Proceedings of the Graph Drawing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6502, pp. 250–261. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
– reference: FelsnerSZickfeldFOn the number of planar orientations with prescribed degreesElectron. J. Comb.20081541p24114541182.05058
– reference: FelsnerSZickfeldFSchnyder woods and orthogonal surfacesDiscrete Comput. Geom.200840103126242965010.1007/s00454-007-9027-91148.05026
– reference: Aerts, N., Felsner, S.: Henneberg steps for triangle representations. In: Proceedings EuroComb 2013, CRM, vol. 16, pp. 503–509. Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa (2013)
– reference: Lovász, L.: Geometric representations of graphs (Draft version December 11, 2009). http://www.cs.elte.hu/~lovasz/geomrep.pdf
– reference: MillerEPlanar graphs as minimal resolutions of trivariate monomial idealsDoc. Math.20027439019112100989.05026
– reference: SchnyderWPlanar graphs and poset dimensionOrder19895323343101038210.1007/BF003536520675.06001
– reference: FelsnerSLattice structures from planar graphsElectron. J. Comb.200411R1524p20353091056.05039
– reference: GonçalvesDLévêqueBPinlouATriangle contact representations and dualityDiscrete Comput. Geom.2012481239254291720910.1007/s00454-012-9400-11247.52003
– reference: AertsNFelsnerSStraight-line triangle representations via Schnyder labelingsJ. Graph Alg. Appl.201519467505341260710.7155/jgaa.003721323.05093
– reference: HaasROrdenDRoteGSantosFServatiusBServatiusHSouvaineDLStreinuIWhiteleyWPlanar minimally rigid graphs and pseudo-triangulationsComput. Geom.2005313161213180210.1016/j.comgeo.2004.07.0031070.65014
– reference: TutteWTHow to draw a graphProc. Lond. Math. Soc.19631374376715838710.1112/plms/s3-13.1.7430115.40805
– reference: FelsnerSGeodesic embeddings and planar graphsOrder200320135150203119110.1023/B:ORDE.0000009251.68514.8b1033.05028
– reference: Alam, M.J., Fowler, J., Kobourov, S.G.: Outerplanar graphs with proper touching triangle representations (unpublished)
– reference: FelsnerSConvex drawings of planar graphs and the order dimension of 3-polytopesOrder2001181937184451410.1023/A:10106047269000984.05029
– reference: Fowler, J.J.: Strongly-connected outerplanar graphs with proper touching triangle representations. In: Proceedings of the Graph Drawing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8242, pp. 156–161. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
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Snippet A straight line triangle representation (SLTR) of a planar graph is a straight line drawing such that all the faces including the outer face have triangular...
(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image) A straight line triangle representation (SLTR) of a planar graph is a straight line...
(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image).A straight line triangle representation (SLTR) of a planar graph is a straight line...
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springer
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StartPage 257
SubjectTerms Combinatorics
Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis
Contact
Graphical representations
Graphs
Harmonic analysis
Harmonic functions
Mathematics
Mathematics and Statistics
Representations
Straight lines
Texts
Triangles
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Title Straight Line Triangle Representations
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