Straight Line Triangle Representations
A straight line triangle representation (SLTR) of a planar graph is a straight line drawing such that all the faces including the outer face have triangular shape. Such a drawing can be viewed as a tiling of a triangle using triangles with the input graph as skeletal structure. In this paper we pres...
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Published in | Discrete & computational geometry Vol. 57; no. 2; pp. 257 - 280 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
New York
Springer US
01.03.2017
Springer Nature B.V |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0179-5376 1432-0444 |
DOI | 10.1007/s00454-016-9850-y |
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Abstract | A straight line triangle representation (SLTR) of a planar graph is a straight line drawing such that all the faces including the outer face have triangular shape. Such a drawing can be viewed as a tiling of a triangle using triangles with the input graph as skeletal structure. In this paper we present a characterization of graphs that have an SLTR. The characterization is based on flat angle assignments, i.e., selections of angles of the graph that have size
π
in the representation. We also provide a second characterization in terms of contact systems of pseudosegments. With the aid of discrete harmonic functions we show that contact systems of pseudosegments that respect certain conditions are stretchable. The stretching procedure is then used to get straight line triangle representations. Since the discrete harmonic function approach is quite flexible it allows further applications, we mention some of them. The drawback of the characterization of SLTRs is that we are not able to effectively check whether a given graph admits a flat angle assignment that fulfills the conditions. Hence it is still open to decide whether the recognition of graphs that admit straight line triangle representation is polynomially tractable. |
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AbstractList | (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image).A straight line triangle representation (SLTR) of a planar graph is a straight line drawing such that all the faces including the outer face have triangular shape. Such a drawing can be viewed as a tiling of a triangle using triangles with the input graph as skeletal structure. In this paper we present a characterization of graphs that have an SLTR. The characterization is based on flat angle assignments, i.e., selections of angles of the graph that have size ... in the representation. We also provide a second characterization in terms of contact systems of pseudosegments. With the aid of discrete harmonic functions we show that contact systems of pseudosegments that respect certain conditions are stretchable. The stretching procedure is then used to get straight line triangle representations. Since the discrete harmonic function approach is quite flexible it allows further applications, we mention some of them. The drawback of the characterization of SLTRs is that we are not able to effectively check whether a given graph admits a flat angle assignment that fulfills the conditions. Hence it is still open to decide whether the recognition of graphs that admit straight line triangle representation is polynomially tractable. A straight line triangle representation (SLTR) of a planar graph is a straight line drawing such that all the faces including the outer face have triangular shape. Such a drawing can be viewed as a tiling of a triangle using triangles with the input graph as skeletal structure. In this paper we present a characterization of graphs that have an SLTR. The characterization is based on flat angle assignments, i.e., selections of angles of the graph that have size π in the representation. We also provide a second characterization in terms of contact systems of pseudosegments. With the aid of discrete harmonic functions we show that contact systems of pseudosegments that respect certain conditions are stretchable. The stretching procedure is then used to get straight line triangle representations. Since the discrete harmonic function approach is quite flexible it allows further applications, we mention some of them. The drawback of the characterization of SLTRs is that we are not able to effectively check whether a given graph admits a flat angle assignment that fulfills the conditions. Hence it is still open to decide whether the recognition of graphs that admit straight line triangle representation is polynomially tractable. |
Author | Felsner, Stefan Aerts, Nieke |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nieke orcidid: 0000-0003-2702-5964 surname: Aerts fullname: Aerts, Nieke email: nkmaerts@gmail.com organization: Institut für Mathematik, Technische Universität Berlin – sequence: 2 givenname: Stefan surname: Felsner fullname: Felsner, Stefan organization: Institut für Mathematik, Technische Universität Berlin |
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Keywords | 05C10 Discrete harmonic functions Triangles Planar graphs 05C62 Straight line drawings 68R10 Contact family of pseudosegments |
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References | Kobourov, S.G., Mondal, D., Nishat, R.I.: Touching triangle representations for 3-connected planar graphs. In: Proceedings of the Graph Drawing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7704, pp. 199–210. Springer, New York (2012) KenyonRSheffieldSDimers, tilings and treesJ. Comb. Theory Ser. B200492295317209914510.1016/j.jctb.2004.07.0011055.05032 Alam, M.J., Fowler, J., Kobourov, S.G.: Outerplanar graphs with proper touching triangle representations (unpublished) FelsnerSZickfeldFOn the number of planar orientations with prescribed degreesElectron. J. Comb.20081541p24114541182.05058 Fowler, J.J.: Strongly-connected outerplanar graphs with proper touching triangle representations. In: Proceedings of the Graph Drawing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8242, pp. 156–161. Springer, Heidelberg (2013) MillerEPlanar graphs as minimal resolutions of trivariate monomial idealsDoc. Math.20027439019112100989.05026 HaasROrdenDRoteGSantosFServatiusBServatiusHSouvaineDLStreinuIWhiteleyWPlanar minimally rigid graphs and pseudo-triangulationsComput. Geom.2005313161213180210.1016/j.comgeo.2004.07.0031070.65014 AertsNFelsnerSStraight-line triangle representations via Schnyder labelingsJ. Graph Alg. Appl.201519467505341260710.7155/jgaa.003721323.05093 Aerts, N., Felsner, S.: Henneberg steps for triangle representations. In: Proceedings EuroComb 2013, CRM, vol. 16, pp. 503–509. Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa (2013) de FraysseixHde MendezPORosenstiehlPOn triangle contact graphsComb. Probab. Comput.1994302233246128844210.1017/S09635483000011390807.05028 GonçalvesDLévêqueBPinlouATriangle contact representations and dualityDiscrete Comput. Geom.2012481239254291720910.1007/s00454-012-9400-11247.52003 FelsnerSConvex drawings of planar graphs and the order dimension of 3-polytopesOrder2001181937184451410.1023/A:10106047269000984.05029 Gansner, E.R., Hu, Y., Kobourov, S.G.: On touching triangle graphs. In: Proceedings of the Graph Drawing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6502, pp. 250–261. Springer, Heidelberg (2010) FelsnerSLattice structures from planar graphsElectron. J. Comb.200411R1524p20353091056.05039 Schnyder, W.: Embedding planar graphs on the grid. In: Proceedings of the ACM–SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 138–148 (1990) de FraysseixHde MendezPOBarycentric systems and stretchabilityDiscrete Appl. Math.200715510791095232101610.1016/j.dam.2005.12.0091117.05033 TutteWTHow to draw a graphProc. Lond. Math. Soc.19631374376715838710.1112/plms/s3-13.1.7430115.40805 FelsnerSZickfeldFSchnyder woods and orthogonal surfacesDiscrete Comput. Geom.200840103126242965010.1007/s00454-007-9027-91148.05026 FelsnerSGeodesic embeddings and planar graphsOrder200320135150203119110.1023/B:ORDE.0000009251.68514.8b1033.05028 Lovász, L.: Geometric representations of graphs (Draft version December 11, 2009). http://www.cs.elte.hu/~lovasz/geomrep.pdf SchnyderWPlanar graphs and poset dimensionOrder19895323343101038210.1007/BF003536520675.06001 S Felsner (9850_CR7) 2008; 15 9850_CR9 D Gonçalves (9850_CR13) 2012; 48 S Felsner (9850_CR5) 2003; 20 R Kenyon (9850_CR15) 2004; 92 S Felsner (9850_CR6) 2004; 11 S Felsner (9850_CR8) 2008; 40 H Fraysseix de (9850_CR10) 2007; 155 R Haas (9850_CR14) 2005; 31 9850_CR17 9850_CR16 E Miller (9850_CR18) 2002; 7 WT Tutte (9850_CR21) 1963; 13 W Schnyder (9850_CR19) 1989; 5 H Fraysseix de (9850_CR11) 1994; 3 9850_CR20 N Aerts (9850_CR2) 2015; 19 S Felsner (9850_CR4) 2001; 18 9850_CR1 9850_CR3 9850_CR12 |
References_xml | – reference: Schnyder, W.: Embedding planar graphs on the grid. In: Proceedings of the ACM–SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 138–148 (1990) – reference: Kobourov, S.G., Mondal, D., Nishat, R.I.: Touching triangle representations for 3-connected planar graphs. In: Proceedings of the Graph Drawing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7704, pp. 199–210. Springer, New York (2012) – reference: de FraysseixHde MendezPOBarycentric systems and stretchabilityDiscrete Appl. Math.200715510791095232101610.1016/j.dam.2005.12.0091117.05033 – reference: de FraysseixHde MendezPORosenstiehlPOn triangle contact graphsComb. Probab. Comput.1994302233246128844210.1017/S09635483000011390807.05028 – reference: KenyonRSheffieldSDimers, tilings and treesJ. Comb. Theory Ser. B200492295317209914510.1016/j.jctb.2004.07.0011055.05032 – reference: Gansner, E.R., Hu, Y., Kobourov, S.G.: On touching triangle graphs. In: Proceedings of the Graph Drawing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6502, pp. 250–261. Springer, Heidelberg (2010) – reference: FelsnerSZickfeldFOn the number of planar orientations with prescribed degreesElectron. J. Comb.20081541p24114541182.05058 – reference: FelsnerSZickfeldFSchnyder woods and orthogonal surfacesDiscrete Comput. Geom.200840103126242965010.1007/s00454-007-9027-91148.05026 – reference: Aerts, N., Felsner, S.: Henneberg steps for triangle representations. In: Proceedings EuroComb 2013, CRM, vol. 16, pp. 503–509. Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa (2013) – reference: Lovász, L.: Geometric representations of graphs (Draft version December 11, 2009). http://www.cs.elte.hu/~lovasz/geomrep.pdf – reference: MillerEPlanar graphs as minimal resolutions of trivariate monomial idealsDoc. Math.20027439019112100989.05026 – reference: SchnyderWPlanar graphs and poset dimensionOrder19895323343101038210.1007/BF003536520675.06001 – reference: FelsnerSLattice structures from planar graphsElectron. J. Comb.200411R1524p20353091056.05039 – reference: GonçalvesDLévêqueBPinlouATriangle contact representations and dualityDiscrete Comput. Geom.2012481239254291720910.1007/s00454-012-9400-11247.52003 – reference: AertsNFelsnerSStraight-line triangle representations via Schnyder labelingsJ. Graph Alg. Appl.201519467505341260710.7155/jgaa.003721323.05093 – reference: HaasROrdenDRoteGSantosFServatiusBServatiusHSouvaineDLStreinuIWhiteleyWPlanar minimally rigid graphs and pseudo-triangulationsComput. Geom.2005313161213180210.1016/j.comgeo.2004.07.0031070.65014 – reference: TutteWTHow to draw a graphProc. Lond. Math. Soc.19631374376715838710.1112/plms/s3-13.1.7430115.40805 – reference: FelsnerSGeodesic embeddings and planar graphsOrder200320135150203119110.1023/B:ORDE.0000009251.68514.8b1033.05028 – reference: Alam, M.J., Fowler, J., Kobourov, S.G.: Outerplanar graphs with proper touching triangle representations (unpublished) – reference: FelsnerSConvex drawings of planar graphs and the order dimension of 3-polytopesOrder2001181937184451410.1023/A:10106047269000984.05029 – reference: Fowler, J.J.: Strongly-connected outerplanar graphs with proper touching triangle representations. In: Proceedings of the Graph Drawing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8242, pp. 156–161. Springer, Heidelberg (2013) – ident: 9850_CR9 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-03841-4_14 – volume: 31 start-page: 31 year: 2005 ident: 9850_CR14 publication-title: Comput. 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SubjectTerms | Combinatorics Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis Contact Graphical representations Graphs Harmonic analysis Harmonic functions Mathematics Mathematics and Statistics Representations Straight lines Texts Triangles |
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Title | Straight Line Triangle Representations |
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