Performance of speaker localization using microphone array
Speaker localization is a technique to locate and track an active speaker from multiple acoustic sources using microphone array. Microphone array is used to improve the speech quality of recorded speech signal in meeting room and other places. In this work, the time delay estimation between source a...
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| Published in | International journal of speech technology Vol. 19; no. 3; pp. 467 - 483 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York
Springer US
01.09.2016
Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1381-2416 1572-8110 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10772-016-9341-9 |
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| Abstract | Speaker localization is a technique to locate and track an active speaker from multiple acoustic sources using microphone array. Microphone array is used to improve the speech quality of recorded speech signal in meeting room and other places. In this work, the time delay estimation between source and each microphone is calculated using a localization method called time differences of arrival (TDOA). TDOA localization consists of two steps namely (a) a time delay estimator and (b) a localization estimator. For time delay estimation, the generalized cross-correlation using phase transform, the generalized cross correlation using maximum likelihood, linear prediction (LP) residual and the Hilbert envelope of the LP residual are chosen for estimating the location of a person. A new speaker localization algorithm known as group search optimization (GSO) algorithm is proposed. The performance of this algorithm is analyzed and compared with Gauss–Newton nonlinear least square method and genetic algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed GSO method outperforms the other methods in terms of mean square error, root mean square error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, euclidean distance and mean absolute relative error. |
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| AbstractList | Speaker localization is a technique to locate and track an active speaker from multiple acoustic sources using microphone array. Microphone array is used to improve the speech quality of recorded speech signal in meeting room and other places. In this work, the time delay estimation between source and each microphone is calculated using a localization method called time differences of arrival (TDOA). TDOA localization consists of two steps namely (a) a time delay estimator and (b) a localization estimator. For time delay estimation, the generalized cross-correlation using phase transform, the generalized cross correlation using maximum likelihood, linear prediction (LP) residual and the Hilbert envelope of the LP residual are chosen for estimating the location of a person. A new speaker localization algorithm known as group search optimization (GSO) algorithm is proposed. The performance of this algorithm is analyzed and compared with Gauss–Newton nonlinear least square method and genetic algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed GSO method outperforms the other methods in terms of mean square error, root mean square error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, euclidean distance and mean absolute relative error. |
| Author | Dhanalakshmi, P. Palanivel, S. Visalakshi, R. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: R. surname: Visalakshi fullname: Visalakshi, R. email: visalakshi_au@yahoo.in organization: Department of CSE, Annamalai University – sequence: 2 givenname: P. surname: Dhanalakshmi fullname: Dhanalakshmi, P. organization: Department of CSE, Annamalai University – sequence: 3 givenname: S. surname: Palanivel fullname: Palanivel, S. organization: Department of CSE, Annamalai University |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1109/CBMI.2007.385426 10.1109/ICASSP.1997.599595 10.1109/TSA.2005.851907 10.1109/89.966084 10.1007/978-3-662-04619-7_14 10.1007/978-3-662-04619-7_15 10.1109/TASSP.1976.1162830 10.1109/ICME.2000.871075 10.21437/ICSLP.2000-551 10.1109/TASSP.1981.1163618 10.1109/LSP.2006.891333 10.1109/TEVC.2009.2011992 |
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| Keywords | Microphone array Time difference of arrival Genetic algorithm and group search optimization algorithm Speaker localization Gauss–Newton nonlinear least square method |
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| References | Wang, H., & Chu, P. (1997). Voice source localization for automatic camera pointing system in videoconferencing. In Proceedings IEEE international conference acoustics, speech, signal processing (pp. 187–190). Orlando. Jeannes, R. L. B., Scalart, P., Faucon, G., & Beaugeant, C. (2001). Combined noise and echo reduction in hands-free systems: A survey. IEEE Transactions Speech Audio Processing (vol. 9, no. 1/2, pp. 808–820). KishoreBSatyanarayanaMRSSujathaKAdaptive genetic algorithm with neural network for machinery fault detectionInternational Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology201361639 Nordholm, S., Claesson, I., & Grbiae, N. (2001). Optimal and adaptive microphone arrays for speech input in automobiles. In Digital signal processing (vol. 3, pp. 307–329). Berlin. Kepesi, M., Pernkopf, F., & Wohlmayr, M., (2007). Joint position pitch tracking for 2-channel audio. In International workshop on content based multimedia indexing. Bourdeaux. Swamy, R. K., Sri RamaMurty, K., & Yegnanarayana, B. (2007). Determining number of speakers from multispeaker speech signals using excitation source information. In IEEE signal processing letters (vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 481–484). Quazi, A. H. (1981). An overview on the time delay estimation in active and passive systems for target localization. In IEEE Transactions on acoustic, speech and signal processing (vol. 29, pp. 527–533). Carter, G. C. (1993). Coherence and time delay estimation: An applied tutorial for research, development, test and evaluation engineers. In IEEE, Press. He, S., & Li, X. (2008). Application of a group search optimization based artificial neural network to machine condition monitoring. In Proceedings of IEEE international conference on emerging technologies and factory automation (ETFA). Omologo, M., Matassoni, M., & Svaizer, P. (2001). Speech recognition with microphone arrays. In Microphone arrays-signal processing techniques and application (vol. 2, pp. 331–353). He, S., Wu, Q. H., & Saunders, J. R. (2009). Group search optimizer: An optimization algorithm inspired by animal searching behavior. In IEEE transactions on evolutionary computation (vol. 13, pp. 973–990). Nazu, N. (2014). Locating and extracting acoustic and neural signals. Ph.D thesis, Graduate School of Wayne State University. Lathoud, G. (2005). AV16.3: An audio-visual corpus for speaker localization and tracking. In Lectures notes in computer science. Alexandridis, A., Griffin, A., & Mouchtaris, A. (2015). Sound source localization and isolation apparatuses, methods and systems. In Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (F.O.R.T.H), Institute of Computer Science (I.C.S.). Himawan, I. (2010). Speech recognition using AD-HOC microphone array. Ph.D thesis, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane. Prasanna, S. R. M., Gupta, C. S., & Yegnanarayana, B. (2006). Extraction of speaker-specific excitation information from linear prediction residual of speech. In Speech communication (pp. 1243–1261). Kawaguchi, N., Matsubara, S., Iwa, H., Kajita, S., Takeda, K., & Itakura, F. et al. (2000). Construction of speech corpus in moving car environment. In Proceedings international conference spoken language processing (vol. 3, pp. 362–365). Beijing. Raykar, V. C., Yegnanarayana, B., Prasanna, M. S. R., & Duraiswami, R. (2005). Speaker localization using excitation source information in speech. In IEEE transactions speech audio processing (vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 751–761). Zotkin, D., Duraiswami, R., Philomin, V., & Davis, L. (2000). Smart videoconferencing. In International conference multimedia expo (pp. 1597–2000). New York. Knapp, C. F., & Carter, G. C. (1976). The generalized correlation method for estimation of time delay. In IEEE Transactions on acoustic, speech and signal processing (vol. 24, pp. 320–327). Roig, E. T. (2014). Eigenbeamforming array systems for sound source localization. Ph.D thesis, Technical University of Denmark. 9341_CR2 9341_CR1 B Kishore (9341_CR8) 2013; 6 9341_CR20 9341_CR10 9341_CR21 9341_CR11 9341_CR6 9341_CR5 9341_CR4 9341_CR3 9341_CR16 9341_CR17 9341_CR18 9341_CR19 9341_CR12 9341_CR13 9341_CR14 9341_CR15 9341_CR9 9341_CR7 |
| References_xml | – reference: Kawaguchi, N., Matsubara, S., Iwa, H., Kajita, S., Takeda, K., & Itakura, F. et al. (2000). Construction of speech corpus in moving car environment. In Proceedings international conference spoken language processing (vol. 3, pp. 362–365). Beijing. – reference: Kepesi, M., Pernkopf, F., & Wohlmayr, M., (2007). Joint position pitch tracking for 2-channel audio. In International workshop on content based multimedia indexing. Bourdeaux. – reference: Quazi, A. H. (1981). An overview on the time delay estimation in active and passive systems for target localization. In IEEE Transactions on acoustic, speech and signal processing (vol. 29, pp. 527–533). – reference: Wang, H., & Chu, P. (1997). Voice source localization for automatic camera pointing system in videoconferencing. In Proceedings IEEE international conference acoustics, speech, signal processing (pp. 187–190). Orlando. – reference: Himawan, I. (2010). Speech recognition using AD-HOC microphone array. Ph.D thesis, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane. – reference: Lathoud, G. (2005). AV16.3: An audio-visual corpus for speaker localization and tracking. In Lectures notes in computer science. – reference: Carter, G. C. (1993). Coherence and time delay estimation: An applied tutorial for research, development, test and evaluation engineers. In IEEE, Press. – reference: KishoreBSatyanarayanaMRSSujathaKAdaptive genetic algorithm with neural network for machinery fault detectionInternational Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology201361639 – reference: Raykar, V. C., Yegnanarayana, B., Prasanna, M. S. R., & Duraiswami, R. (2005). Speaker localization using excitation source information in speech. In IEEE transactions speech audio processing (vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 751–761). – reference: Alexandridis, A., Griffin, A., & Mouchtaris, A. (2015). Sound source localization and isolation apparatuses, methods and systems. In Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (F.O.R.T.H), Institute of Computer Science (I.C.S.). – reference: Nordholm, S., Claesson, I., & Grbiae, N. (2001). Optimal and adaptive microphone arrays for speech input in automobiles. In Digital signal processing (vol. 3, pp. 307–329). Berlin. – reference: Knapp, C. F., & Carter, G. C. (1976). The generalized correlation method for estimation of time delay. In IEEE Transactions on acoustic, speech and signal processing (vol. 24, pp. 320–327). – reference: Nazu, N. (2014). Locating and extracting acoustic and neural signals. Ph.D thesis, Graduate School of Wayne State University. – reference: Swamy, R. K., Sri RamaMurty, K., & Yegnanarayana, B. (2007). Determining number of speakers from multispeaker speech signals using excitation source information. In IEEE signal processing letters (vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 481–484). – reference: Jeannes, R. L. B., Scalart, P., Faucon, G., & Beaugeant, C. (2001). Combined noise and echo reduction in hands-free systems: A survey. IEEE Transactions Speech Audio Processing (vol. 9, no. 1/2, pp. 808–820). – reference: He, S., Wu, Q. H., & Saunders, J. R. (2009). Group search optimizer: An optimization algorithm inspired by animal searching behavior. In IEEE transactions on evolutionary computation (vol. 13, pp. 973–990). – reference: Prasanna, S. R. M., Gupta, C. S., & Yegnanarayana, B. (2006). Extraction of speaker-specific excitation information from linear prediction residual of speech. In Speech communication (pp. 1243–1261). – reference: Roig, E. T. (2014). Eigenbeamforming array systems for sound source localization. Ph.D thesis, Technical University of Denmark. – reference: Omologo, M., Matassoni, M., & Svaizer, P. (2001). Speech recognition with microphone arrays. In Microphone arrays-signal processing techniques and application (vol. 2, pp. 331–353). – reference: Zotkin, D., Duraiswami, R., Philomin, V., & Davis, L. (2000). Smart videoconferencing. In International conference multimedia expo (pp. 1597–2000). New York. – reference: He, S., & Li, X. (2008). Application of a group search optimization based artificial neural network to machine condition monitoring. In Proceedings of IEEE international conference on emerging technologies and factory automation (ETFA). – ident: 9341_CR11 doi: 10.1109/CBMI.2007.385426 – ident: 9341_CR20 doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.1997.599595 – ident: 9341_CR17 doi: 10.1109/TSA.2005.851907 – ident: 9341_CR1 – ident: 9341_CR2 – ident: 9341_CR6 doi: 10.1109/89.966084 – ident: 9341_CR13 doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-04619-7_14 – ident: 9341_CR3 – ident: 9341_CR18 – ident: 9341_CR14 doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-04619-7_15 – volume: 6 start-page: 1639 year: 2013 ident: 9341_CR8 publication-title: International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology – ident: 9341_CR9 doi: 10.1109/TASSP.1976.1162830 – ident: 9341_CR21 doi: 10.1109/ICME.2000.871075 – ident: 9341_CR15 – ident: 9341_CR7 doi: 10.21437/ICSLP.2000-551 – ident: 9341_CR10 – ident: 9341_CR12 – ident: 9341_CR16 doi: 10.1109/TASSP.1981.1163618 – ident: 9341_CR19 doi: 10.1109/LSP.2006.891333 – ident: 9341_CR4 doi: 10.1109/TEVC.2009.2011992 – ident: 9341_CR5 |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Arrays Artificial Intelligence Cross correlation Delay Engineering Errors Genetic algorithms Group dynamics Least squares method Linear prediction Localization Localization method Mean square errors Mean square values Microphones Phase transitions Position (location) Signal,Image and Speech Processing Social Sciences Sound sources Space Speech Terminology Time Time delay Time lag Tracking Word meaning |
| Title | Performance of speaker localization using microphone array |
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