The monsoon system: Land–sea breeze or the ITCZ?
For well over 300 years, the monsoon has been considered to be a gigantic land–sea breeze driven by the land–ocean contrast in surface temperature. In this paper, this hypothesis and its implications for the variability of the monsoon are discussed and it is shown that the observations of monsoon va...
Saved in:
| Published in | Journal of Earth System Science Vol. 127; no. 1; pp. 1 - 29 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New Delhi
Springer India
01.02.2018
Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0253-4126 0973-774X |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12040-017-0916-x |
Cover
| Abstract | For well over 300 years, the monsoon has been considered to be a gigantic land–sea breeze driven by the land–ocean contrast in surface temperature. In this paper, this hypothesis and its implications for the variability of the monsoon are discussed and it is shown that the observations of monsoon variability do not support this popular theory of the monsoon. An alternative hypothesis (whose origins can be traced to Blanford’s (
1886
) remarkably perceptive analysis) in which the basic system responsible for the Indian summer monsoon is considered to be the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) or the equatorial trough, is then examined and shown to be consistent with the observations. The implications of considering the monsoon as a manifestation of the seasonal migration of the ITCZ for the variability of the Indian summer monsoon and for identification of the monsoonal regions of the world are briefly discussed. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | For well over 300 years, the monsoon has been considered to be a gigantic land–sea breeze driven by the land–ocean contrast in surface temperature. In this paper, this hypothesis and its implications for the variability of the monsoon are discussed and it is shown that the observations of monsoon variability do not support this popular theory of the monsoon. An alternative hypothesis (whose origins can be traced to Blanford’s (1886) remarkably perceptive analysis) in which the basic system responsible for the Indian summer monsoon is considered to be the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) or the equatorial trough, is then examined and shown to be consistent with the observations. The implications of considering the monsoon as a manifestation of the seasonal migration of the ITCZ for the variability of the Indian summer monsoon and for identification of the monsoonal regions of the world are briefly discussed. For well over 300 years, the monsoon has been considered to be a gigantic land–sea breeze driven by the land–ocean contrast in surface temperature. In this paper, this hypothesis and its implications for the variability of the monsoon are discussed and it is shown that the observations of monsoon variability do not support this popular theory of the monsoon. An alternative hypothesis (whose origins can be traced to Blanford’s ( 1886 ) remarkably perceptive analysis) in which the basic system responsible for the Indian summer monsoon is considered to be the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) or the equatorial trough, is then examined and shown to be consistent with the observations. The implications of considering the monsoon as a manifestation of the seasonal migration of the ITCZ for the variability of the Indian summer monsoon and for identification of the monsoonal regions of the world are briefly discussed. |
| ArticleNumber | 1 |
| Author | Gadgil, Sulochana |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sulochana surname: Gadgil fullname: Gadgil, Sulochana email: sulugadgil@gmail.com organization: Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science |
| BookMark | eNp9kMtKAzEUQINUsK1-gLsB19G8Jpm4ESk-CgU3FcRNSDN3dEo7qckUWlf-g3_ol5gyLkSwq9zFOfeGM0C9xjeA0Ckl55QQdREpI4JgQhUmmkq8OUB9ohXHSomnXppZzrGgTB6hQYxzQrgslO4jNn2FbOmb6H2TxW1sYXmZTWxTfn18RrDZLAC8Q-ZD1iZwPB09Xx2jw8ouIpz8vEP0eHszHd3jycPdeHQ9wY4L0WIqoGREKl0Ula20mOUgNKskgKSu0GAJMMI5UyUQ7Wal5YIUyjnLtQPpCj5EZ93eVfBva4itmft1aNJJw3RSc0EV20dRrblQNGcyUaqjXPAxBqiMq1vb1r5pg60XhhKzy2i6jCZlNLuMZpNM-sdchXppw3avwzonJrZ5gfDrT_9K3w34hZ8 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_joc_7165 crossref_primary_10_1080_02626667_2022_2081507 crossref_primary_10_3354_cr01679 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00704_021_03740_8 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_85369_1 crossref_primary_10_1002_joc_8734 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0016756824000177 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40641_019_00137_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dynatmoce_2024_101455 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_022_06335_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_022_06337_7 crossref_primary_10_1029_2020GL092321 crossref_primary_10_5194_cp_19_2313_2023 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3975112 crossref_primary_10_5194_cp_15_449_2019 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_024_07385_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_023_06925_1 crossref_primary_10_5194_cp_20_547_2024 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_022_06352_8 crossref_primary_10_1002_qj_3633 crossref_primary_10_1029_2019PA003762 crossref_primary_10_1002_joc_7130 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_022_06549_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xinn_2021_100110 crossref_primary_10_1080_25726838_2023_2237370 crossref_primary_10_1002_met_2102 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_quaint_2024_08_007 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_023_40454_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s11430_018_9337_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00704_023_04785_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhydrol_2023_129884 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_71940_z crossref_primary_10_1175_JCLI_D_19_0974_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_palaeo_2021_110447 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_quascirev_2020_106779 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_quascirev_2020_106699 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_palaeo_2024_112445 crossref_primary_10_1029_2018GL081589 crossref_primary_10_1002_wcc_823 crossref_primary_10_1029_2023JD039048 crossref_primary_10_1029_2020EA001535 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_021_06042_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_021_05870_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_025_07587_x crossref_primary_10_2166_wcc_2021_074 crossref_primary_10_3390_atmos13071081 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00703_025_01065_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_quascirev_2024_109024 crossref_primary_10_1002_joc_6896 crossref_primary_10_1029_2021GL097661 crossref_primary_10_1029_2021PA004278 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atmosres_2021_105993 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_quascirev_2023_108016 crossref_primary_10_1175_JCLI_D_19_0637_1 crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_9326_ac30f8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2021_149139 crossref_primary_10_1111_nyas_15114 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_quaint_2022_06_002 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00704_024_04928_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gloplacha_2021_103719 crossref_primary_10_3389_feart_2018_00150 crossref_primary_10_1029_2023JD039498 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_023_06799_3 crossref_primary_10_3389_feart_2021_709455 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_021_06121_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s11430_022_1360_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_earscirev_2021_103562 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_quaint_2021_09_012 crossref_primary_10_1038_s43247_022_00633_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_022_06643_0 crossref_primary_10_5194_cp_19_277_2023 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_019_13754_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dynatmoce_2023_101386 crossref_primary_10_1177_09596836231183067 crossref_primary_10_1029_2021PA004383 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00704_022_04222_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_su17052115 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jseaes_2022_105100 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gloplacha_2022_103748 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0016756824000189 crossref_primary_10_1029_2020RG000732 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_palaeo_2023_111875 crossref_primary_10_1142_S2345737621500147 crossref_primary_10_1175_JCLI_D_21_0870_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_021_05712_0 crossref_primary_10_1029_2020GL089823 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhydrol_2020_125601 crossref_primary_10_1063_PT_3_5308 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_023_37639_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s00704_022_04311_1 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3969:TGMAST>2.0.CO;2 10.1098/rstl.1735.0014 10.1007/s13143-017-0033-4 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0358:TOAIVO>.2.0.CO;2 10.3402/tellusa.v21i1.10056 10.1038/nclimate3348 10.1098/rstl.1686.0026 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2539:GPAYMA>2.0.CO;2 10.54302/mausam.v53i3.1646 10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1147:TVGPCP>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00612.1 10.1029/2002JD002670 10.1175/1520-0477(1984)065<0114:TMOEAA>2.0.CO;2 10.1007/BF00867461 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141251 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1020:DAMCEO>2.0.CO;2 10.1007/3-540-37722-0_4 10.1029/2001JD000382 10.1016/S0308-521X(02)00049-5 10.1007/3-540-37722-0_2 10.1256/qj.04.176 10.1017/CBO9780511622977 10.1146/annurev.ea.20.050192.000505 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<2217:BTBOBM>2.3.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0493(1973)101<0033:BOI>2.3.CO;2 10.1038/nature13636 10.1002/asl.232 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1840:OTMCZA>2.0.CO;2 10.1007/BF02878132 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2197:TNAM>2.0.CO;2 10.1029/97JC02719 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Indian Academy of Sciences 2018 Journal of Earth System Science is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved. Indian Academy of Sciences 2018. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Indian Academy of Sciences 2018 – notice: Journal of Earth System Science is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved. – notice: Indian Academy of Sciences 2018. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7TG 7UA 7XB 88I 8FK ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA ATCPS AZQEC BENPR BHPHI BKSAR C1K CCPQU DWQXO F1W GNUQQ H96 HCIFZ KL. L.G M2P PATMY PCBAR PHGZM PHGZT PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PYCSY Q9U |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12040-017-0916-x |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Water Resources Abstracts ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Science Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability (subscription) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts ProQuest Central Student Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources SciTech Premium Collection Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Science Database Environmental Science Database Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Environmental Science Collection ProQuest Central Basic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China Water Resources Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest Central Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection ProQuest One Sustainability Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Science Journals ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database Environmental Science Collection Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Environmental Science Database ProQuest One Academic Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic (New) |
| DatabaseTitleList | Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Geology |
| EISSN | 0973-774X |
| EndPage | 29 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1007_s12040_017_0916_x |
| GeographicLocations | India |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: India |
| GroupedDBID | -5A -5G -BR -EM -Y2 -~C .86 .VR 06D 0R~ 0VY 1SB 2.D 203 28- 29K 2J2 2JN 2JY 2KG 2KM 2LR 2VQ 2WC 2~H 30V 3V. 4.4 406 408 40D 40E 5GY 5VS 67M 67Z 6NX 88I 8FE 8FH 8TC 8UJ 95- 95. 95~ 96X AAAVM AABHQ AACDK AAHBH AAHNG AAIAL AAJBT AAJKR AANZL AARHV AARTL AASML AATNV AATVU AAUYE AAWCG AAYIU AAYQN AAYTO AAYZH ABAKF ABDZT ABECU ABFTV ABHQN ABJNI ABJOX ABKCH ABLLD ABMNI ABMQK ABNWP ABQBU ABQSL ABSXP ABTEG ABTHY ABTKH ABTMW ABULA ABUWG ABWNU ABXPI ABYMT ACAOD ACBXY ACDTI ACGFO ACGFS ACGOD ACHSB ACHXU ACIHN ACKNC ACMDZ ACMLO ACOKC ACOMO ACPIV ACREN ACSNA ACZOJ ADHHG ADHIR ADINQ ADKNI ADKPE ADRFC ADTPH ADURQ ADYFF ADYOE ADZKW AEAQA AEBTG AEFQL AEGAL AEGNC AEJHL AEJRE AEKMD AEMSY AENEX AEOHA AEPYU AESKC AETLH AEUYN AEVLU AEXYK AFBBN AFEXP AFGCZ AFKRA AFLOW AFQWF AFRAH AFWTZ AFYQB AFZKB AGAYW AGDGC AGJBK AGMZJ AGQEE AGQMX AGRTI AGWIL AGWZB AGYKE AHAVH AHBYD AHKAY AHSBF AHYZX AIAKS AIDUJ AIGIU AIIXL AILAN AITGF AJBLW AJRNO ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALWAN AMKLP AMTXH AMXSW AMYLF AMYQR AOCGG ARMRJ ASPBG ATCPS AVWKF AXYYD AYJHY AZFZN AZQEC B-. BA0 BAPOH BBORY BDATZ BENPR BGNMA BHPHI BKSAR BPHCQ C1A CAG CCPQU COF CS3 CSCUP D-I DDRTE DNIVK DPUIP DU5 DWQXO E3Z EBD EBLON EBS EDH EIOEI EJD ESBYG FEDTE FERAY FFXSO FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRP FRRFC FSGXE FWDCC GGCAI GGRSB GJIRD GNUQQ GNWQR GQ6 GQ7 GROUPED_DOAJ H13 HCIFZ HG5 HG6 HMJXF HRMNR HVGLF HZ~ I-F IJ- IKXTQ IWAJR IXC IXD IXE I~X I~Z J-C J0Z JBSCW JZLTJ KDC KOV L8X LK5 LLZTM M2P M4Y M7R MA- M~E N9A NDZJH NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O9- O93 O9J OK1 P2P PATMY PCBAR PF0 PQQKQ PROAC PT4 PT5 PYCSY QOS R89 R9I RAB RNS ROL RPX RSV S16 S1Z S26 S27 S28 S3B SAP SC5 SCLPG SDH SEV SHX SISQX SJYHP SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW STPWE SZN T13 T16 TR2 TSG TSK TSV TUC U2A UG4 UOJIU UTJUX UZXMN VC2 VFIZW W48 WK8 XSB YLTOR Z45 Z5O Z86 ZMTXR ~A9 AAPKM AAYXX ABDBE ABFSG ABJIA ACMFV ACSTC ADHKG AEZWR AFDZB AFHIU AFOHR AGQPQ AHPBZ AHWEU AIXLP ATHPR CITATION OVT PHGZM PHGZT 7TG 7UA 7XB 8FK ABRTQ C1K F1W H96 KL. L.G PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS Q9U |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c344t-14ed2067988faf94b5e492f6ee61c89ea0e203327de09cbda34087cca39ce6c83 |
| IEDL.DBID | AGYKE |
| ISSN | 0253-4126 |
| IngestDate | Fri Jul 25 20:07:31 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 21:03:32 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:02:43 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 01:31:07 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:42:22 EST 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Keywords | intertropical convergence zone monsoonal regions equatorial trough Indian summer monsoon heat lows |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c344t-14ed2067988faf94b5e492f6ee61c89ea0e203327de09cbda34087cca39ce6c83 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| PQID | 1993471526 |
| PQPubID | 54200 |
| PageCount | 29 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2920354172 proquest_journals_1993471526 crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s12040_017_0916_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s12040_017_0916_x springer_journals_10_1007_s12040_017_0916_x |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20180200 2018-2-00 20180201 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2018-02-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 2 year: 2018 text: 20180200 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | New Delhi |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: New Delhi – name: Bangalore |
| PublicationSubtitle | Published by the Indian Academy of Sciences |
| PublicationTitle | Journal of Earth System Science |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | J Earth Syst Sci |
| PublicationYear | 2018 |
| Publisher | Springer India Springer Nature B.V |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Springer India – name: Springer Nature B.V |
| References | Murakami M 1987 Satellite cloudiness in the monsoon area in monsoon meteorology (eds) Chang C P and Krishnamurti T N, Oxford University Press, New York, 359p. Srinivasan J 2011 Response of a fluid to differential heating from below; Personal communication. LauWKimMKCompeting influences of greenhouse warming and aerosols on Asian summer monsoon circulation and rainfallAsia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci.201753218119410.1007/s13143-017-0033-4 Riehl H 1979 Climate and Weather in the Tropics; Academic Press, San Diego, New York, 611p. SulochanaGadgilThe Indian monsoon and its variabilityAnn. Rev. Earth. Planet. Sci.20033142946710.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141251 LiebmannBDescription of a complete (interpolated) outgoing long wave radiation datasetBull. Am. Meteor. Soc.19967712751277 Ding Y and Sikka D R 2006 Synoptic systems and weather; In: The Asian Monsoon (ed.) Bin Wan, Springer. Ramage C S 1971 Monsoon Meteorology; Int. Geophys. Ser., Vol. 15, San Diego, CA: Academic. WebsterPJMagañaVOPalmerTNShuklaJTomasRAYanaiMYasunariTMonsoons: Processes, predictability and the prospects for predictionJ. Geophys. Res.1998103144511451010.1029/97JC02719 Hadley 1735 G Concerning the cause of the general trade winds; Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 34 (1735) 58–62. Adams D K and Corie A C 1997 The North American monsoon; Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 78 2197–2213. BhatGSNear-surface variations and surface fluxes over the northern Bay of Bengal during the 1999 Indian summer monsoonJ. Geophys. Res.2002107D17433610.1029/2001JD000382 AnjaneyuluTSSOn the estimates of heat and moisture over the Indian monsoon trough zoneTellus1969211647510.3402/tellusa.v21i1.10056 Sajani Surendran 1999 Simulation of monsoon precipitation and its variation by atmospheric general circulation models; Ph.D. thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. ParthasarathyBMunotAAKothawaleDRAll-India monthly and seasonal rainfall series: 1871–1993Theor. Appl. Climatol.199449421722410.1007/BF00867461 Li C and Yanai M 1996 The onset and interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon in relation to land–sea thermal contrast; J. Climate 9 358–375, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0358:TOAIVO>.2.0.CO;2. Riehl H 1954 Tropical Meteorology; McGraw Hill, New York, 392p. Blandford H F 1886 Rainfall of India; Monsoon Monograph – India Meteorological Department, No. 3, 658. James I N 1994 Introduction to circulating atmospheres; Cambridge University Press. ZhouJLauKMDoes the monsoon climate exist over South AmericaJ. Climate199811102010.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1020:DAMCEO>2.0.CO;2 RaghavanKBreak monsoon over IndiaMon. Wea. Rev.1973101334310.1175/1520-0493(1973)101<0033:BOI>2.3.CO;2 Singh N, Pant G B and Mulye S S 1992 Spatial variability of aridity over northern India; Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Earth Planet. Sci.)101(3) 201–213. Lau W and Li M T 1984 The monsoon of East Asia and its global associations – A survey; Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 65 114–125, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1984)065<0114:TMOEAA>2.0.CO;2. WalkerJMBordoniSSchneiderTInterannual variability in the large-scale dynamics of the south Asian summer monsoonJ. Climate201528373110.1175/JCLI-D-14-00612.1 Rao Y P 1976 Southwest Monsoon; Meteorological Monograph (synoptic meteorology), No. 1, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, 366p. SulochanaGadgilSeshagiri RaoPRNarahari RaoKUse of Climate Information for farm-level decision making: Rainfed groundnut in southern IndiaAgricultural Systems20027443145710.1016/S0308-521X(02)00049-5 SikkaDRGadgilSulochanaOn the maximum cloud zone and the ITCZ over India longitude during the Southwest monsoonMon. Wea. Rev.19801081840185310.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1840:OTMCZA>2.0.CO;2 JinQWangCA revival of Indian summer monsoon rainfall since 2002Nature Climate Change2017758759410.1038/nclimate3348 Trenberth K E, Hurrell J W and Stepaniak D P 2006 The Asian Monsoon: Global perspectives; In: The Asian Monsoon (ed.) Bin Wang, Springer. Continental Tropical Convergence Zone (CTCZ) programme Science plan 2008, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, ISBN 978-81-7525-997-3. BhatGSBOBMEX - The Bay of Bengal Monsoon ExperimentBull. Am. Meteor. Soc.2001822217224310.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<2217:BTBOBM>2.3.CO;2 AdlerRFHuffmanGJChangAFerrarRXiePJanowiakJRudolfBSchneiderUCurtisSBolvinDGruberASusskindJArkinPThe Version 2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation Analysis (1979-Present)J. Hydrometeor.200341147116710.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1147:TVGPCP>2.0.CO;2 Srivastava A K, Rajeevan M and Kshirsagar S R 2008 Development of a high resolution daily gridded temperature data set (1969–2005) for the Indian region; National Climate Centre, India Meteorological Department, Pune, Research Report No: 8/2008. Webster P J 1987b The variable and interactive monsoon; In: Monsoons (eds) Fein J and Pamela Stephens, Wiley-Interscience. UppalaSMKÅllbergPWSimmonsAJAndraeUBechtoldVDCFiorinoMGibsonJKHaselerJHernandezAKellyGALiXOnogiKSaarinenSSokkaNAllanRPAnderssonEArpeKBalmasedaMABeljaarsACMBergLVDBidlotJBormannNCairesSChevallierFDethofADragosavacMFisherMFuentesMHagemannSHólmEHoskinsBJIsaksenLJanssenPAEMJenneRMcnallyAPMahfoufJ-FMorcretteJ-JRaynerNASaundersRWSimonPSterlATrenberthKEUntchAVasiljevicDViterboPWoollenJThe ERA-40 re-analysisQuart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.20051312961301210.1256/qj.04.176 Gadgil Sulochana and Gadgil Siddhartha 2006 The Indian monsoon, GDP and agriculture; Economic and Political Weekly XLI(47) 4887–4895. HalleyEA historical account of the trade winds and monsoons observable in the seas between and near the tropics with an attempt to assign a physical cause of the said winds;Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London16861615316810.1098/rstl.1686.0026 RaynerNAParkerDEHortonEBFollandCKAlexanderLVRowellDPKentECKaplanAGlobal analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth centuryJ. Geophys. Res.2003108D14440710.1029/2002JD002670 SchneiderTBischoffTHaugGHMigrations and dynamics of the intertropical convergence zoneNature2014513455310.1038/nature13636 SimpsonGThe south-west monsoonQuart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.192119917150173 MeehlGAEffect of tropical topography on global climate;Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.1992208511210.1146/annurev.ea.20.050192.000505 KalnayEThe NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis projectBull. Am. Meteor. Soc.1996243747110.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2 TrenberthKEStepaniakDPCaronJMThe global monsoon as seen through the divergent atmospheric circulationJ. Climate2000123969399210.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3969:TGMAST>2.0.CO;2 SulochanaGadgilRecent advances in monsoon research with particular reference to the Indian monsoonAust. Meteorol. Mag.198836193204 Webster P J 1987a The elementary monsoon; In: Monsoons (eds) Fein J and Pamela Stephens, Wiley-Interscience. CharneyJGThe intertropical convergence zone and the Hadley circulation of the atmosphere;Proc. WMO/IUCG Symp. Numer. Weather Predict, Jpn. Meteorol. Agency1969III7379 SulochanaGadgilRajeevanMFrancisPAMonsoon variability: Links to major oscillations over the equatorial Pacific and Indian oceansCurr. Sci.2007932182194 IPCC Climate Change 2013 The Physical Science Basis; Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds) Stocker T F et al., Cambridge University Press, 1535p. XiePArkinPAGlobal precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputsBull. Am. Meteor. Soc.1997782539255810.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2539:GPAYMA>2.0.CO;2 Kothawale and Rupa Kumar 2002 Tropospheric temperature variation over India and links with the Indian summer monsoon: 1971–2000; Mausum 53 289–308. RajeevanMBhateJKaleKDLalBHigh resolution daily gridded rainfall data for the Indian region: Analysis of break and active monsoon spellsCurr. Sci.200691296306 916_CR48 916_CR6 916_CR1 916_CR44 916_CR47 GS Bhat (916_CR5) 2001; 82 916_CR9 NA Rayner (916_CR33) 2003; 108 916_CR8 DR Sikka (916_CR38) 1980; 108 J Zhou (916_CR51) 1998; 11 Gadgil Sulochana (916_CR13) 2002; 74 Q Jin (916_CR19) 2017; 7 G Simpson (916_CR39) 1921; 199 RF Adler (916_CR2) 2003; 4 916_CR40 916_CR41 916_CR42 Gadgil Sulochana (916_CR14) 2007; 93 916_CR34 B Liebmann (916_CR25) 1996; 77 916_CR35 916_CR36 SM Uppala (916_CR45) 2005; 131 P Xie (916_CR50) 1997; 78 GS Bhat (916_CR4) 2002; 107 916_CR31 916_CR32 E Halley (916_CR16) 1686; 16 916_CR27 916_CR22 916_CR24 Gadgil Sulochana (916_CR11) 2003; 31 JM Walker (916_CR46) 2015; 28 PJ Webster (916_CR49) 1998; 103 JG Charney (916_CR7) 1969; III GA Meehl (916_CR26) 1992; 20 KE Trenberth (916_CR43) 2000; 12 TSS Anjaneyulu (916_CR3) 1969; 21 916_CR21 Gadgil Sulochana (916_CR10) 1988; 36 T Schneider (916_CR37) 2014; 513 916_CR15 M Rajeevan (916_CR30) 2006; 91 916_CR17 E Kalnay (916_CR20) 1996; 2 916_CR18 B Parthasarathy (916_CR28) 1994; 49 K Raghavan (916_CR29) 1973; 101 916_CR12 W Lau (916_CR23) 2017; 53 |
| References_xml | – reference: SchneiderTBischoffTHaugGHMigrations and dynamics of the intertropical convergence zoneNature2014513455310.1038/nature13636 – reference: HalleyEA historical account of the trade winds and monsoons observable in the seas between and near the tropics with an attempt to assign a physical cause of the said winds;Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London16861615316810.1098/rstl.1686.0026 – reference: KalnayEThe NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis projectBull. Am. Meteor. Soc.1996243747110.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2 – reference: WalkerJMBordoniSSchneiderTInterannual variability in the large-scale dynamics of the south Asian summer monsoonJ. Climate201528373110.1175/JCLI-D-14-00612.1 – reference: MeehlGAEffect of tropical topography on global climate;Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.1992208511210.1146/annurev.ea.20.050192.000505 – reference: Hadley 1735 G Concerning the cause of the general trade winds; Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 34 (1735) 58–62. – reference: Srinivasan J 2011 Response of a fluid to differential heating from below; Personal communication. – reference: XiePArkinPAGlobal precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputsBull. Am. Meteor. Soc.1997782539255810.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2539:GPAYMA>2.0.CO;2 – reference: Ding Y and Sikka D R 2006 Synoptic systems and weather; In: The Asian Monsoon (ed.) Bin Wan, Springer. – reference: RajeevanMBhateJKaleKDLalBHigh resolution daily gridded rainfall data for the Indian region: Analysis of break and active monsoon spellsCurr. Sci.200691296306 – reference: James I N 1994 Introduction to circulating atmospheres; Cambridge University Press. – reference: AnjaneyuluTSSOn the estimates of heat and moisture over the Indian monsoon trough zoneTellus1969211647510.3402/tellusa.v21i1.10056 – reference: Continental Tropical Convergence Zone (CTCZ) programme Science plan 2008, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, ISBN 978-81-7525-997-3. – reference: ParthasarathyBMunotAAKothawaleDRAll-India monthly and seasonal rainfall series: 1871–1993Theor. Appl. Climatol.199449421722410.1007/BF00867461 – reference: SulochanaGadgilThe Indian monsoon and its variabilityAnn. Rev. Earth. Planet. Sci.20033142946710.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141251 – reference: AdlerRFHuffmanGJChangAFerrarRXiePJanowiakJRudolfBSchneiderUCurtisSBolvinDGruberASusskindJArkinPThe Version 2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation Analysis (1979-Present)J. Hydrometeor.200341147116710.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1147:TVGPCP>2.0.CO;2 – reference: SulochanaGadgilRecent advances in monsoon research with particular reference to the Indian monsoonAust. Meteorol. Mag.198836193204 – reference: Adams D K and Corie A C 1997 The North American monsoon; Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 78 2197–2213. – reference: Riehl H 1979 Climate and Weather in the Tropics; Academic Press, San Diego, New York, 611p. – reference: Li C and Yanai M 1996 The onset and interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon in relation to land–sea thermal contrast; J. Climate 9 358–375, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0358:TOAIVO>.2.0.CO;2. – reference: RaghavanKBreak monsoon over IndiaMon. Wea. Rev.1973101334310.1175/1520-0493(1973)101<0033:BOI>2.3.CO;2 – reference: Webster P J 1987b The variable and interactive monsoon; In: Monsoons (eds) Fein J and Pamela Stephens, Wiley-Interscience. – reference: BhatGSNear-surface variations and surface fluxes over the northern Bay of Bengal during the 1999 Indian summer monsoonJ. Geophys. Res.2002107D17433610.1029/2001JD000382 – reference: Rao Y P 1976 Southwest Monsoon; Meteorological Monograph (synoptic meteorology), No. 1, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, 366p. – reference: Riehl H 1954 Tropical Meteorology; McGraw Hill, New York, 392p. – reference: LauWKimMKCompeting influences of greenhouse warming and aerosols on Asian summer monsoon circulation and rainfallAsia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci.201753218119410.1007/s13143-017-0033-4 – reference: Trenberth K E, Hurrell J W and Stepaniak D P 2006 The Asian Monsoon: Global perspectives; In: The Asian Monsoon (ed.) Bin Wang, Springer. – reference: SikkaDRGadgilSulochanaOn the maximum cloud zone and the ITCZ over India longitude during the Southwest monsoonMon. Wea. Rev.19801081840185310.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1840:OTMCZA>2.0.CO;2 – reference: Srivastava A K, Rajeevan M and Kshirsagar S R 2008 Development of a high resolution daily gridded temperature data set (1969–2005) for the Indian region; National Climate Centre, India Meteorological Department, Pune, Research Report No: 8/2008. – reference: UppalaSMKÅllbergPWSimmonsAJAndraeUBechtoldVDCFiorinoMGibsonJKHaselerJHernandezAKellyGALiXOnogiKSaarinenSSokkaNAllanRPAnderssonEArpeKBalmasedaMABeljaarsACMBergLVDBidlotJBormannNCairesSChevallierFDethofADragosavacMFisherMFuentesMHagemannSHólmEHoskinsBJIsaksenLJanssenPAEMJenneRMcnallyAPMahfoufJ-FMorcretteJ-JRaynerNASaundersRWSimonPSterlATrenberthKEUntchAVasiljevicDViterboPWoollenJThe ERA-40 re-analysisQuart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.20051312961301210.1256/qj.04.176 – reference: SulochanaGadgilRajeevanMFrancisPAMonsoon variability: Links to major oscillations over the equatorial Pacific and Indian oceansCurr. Sci.2007932182194 – reference: Blandford H F 1886 Rainfall of India; Monsoon Monograph – India Meteorological Department, No. 3, 658. – reference: WebsterPJMagañaVOPalmerTNShuklaJTomasRAYanaiMYasunariTMonsoons: Processes, predictability and the prospects for predictionJ. Geophys. Res.1998103144511451010.1029/97JC02719 – reference: RaynerNAParkerDEHortonEBFollandCKAlexanderLVRowellDPKentECKaplanAGlobal analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth centuryJ. Geophys. Res.2003108D14440710.1029/2002JD002670 – reference: Kothawale and Rupa Kumar 2002 Tropospheric temperature variation over India and links with the Indian summer monsoon: 1971–2000; Mausum 53 289–308. – reference: Webster P J 1987a The elementary monsoon; In: Monsoons (eds) Fein J and Pamela Stephens, Wiley-Interscience. – reference: CharneyJGThe intertropical convergence zone and the Hadley circulation of the atmosphere;Proc. WMO/IUCG Symp. Numer. Weather Predict, Jpn. Meteorol. Agency1969III7379 – reference: JinQWangCA revival of Indian summer monsoon rainfall since 2002Nature Climate Change2017758759410.1038/nclimate3348 – reference: Singh N, Pant G B and Mulye S S 1992 Spatial variability of aridity over northern India; Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Earth Planet. Sci.)101(3) 201–213. – reference: IPCC Climate Change 2013 The Physical Science Basis; Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds) Stocker T F et al., Cambridge University Press, 1535p. – reference: BhatGSBOBMEX - The Bay of Bengal Monsoon ExperimentBull. Am. Meteor. Soc.2001822217224310.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<2217:BTBOBM>2.3.CO;2 – reference: Ramage C S 1971 Monsoon Meteorology; Int. Geophys. Ser., Vol. 15, San Diego, CA: Academic. – reference: Murakami M 1987 Satellite cloudiness in the monsoon area in monsoon meteorology (eds) Chang C P and Krishnamurti T N, Oxford University Press, New York, 359p. – reference: LiebmannBDescription of a complete (interpolated) outgoing long wave radiation datasetBull. Am. Meteor. Soc.19967712751277 – reference: Gadgil Sulochana and Gadgil Siddhartha 2006 The Indian monsoon, GDP and agriculture; Economic and Political Weekly XLI(47) 4887–4895. – reference: SulochanaGadgilSeshagiri RaoPRNarahari RaoKUse of Climate Information for farm-level decision making: Rainfed groundnut in southern IndiaAgricultural Systems20027443145710.1016/S0308-521X(02)00049-5 – reference: Lau W and Li M T 1984 The monsoon of East Asia and its global associations – A survey; Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 65 114–125, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1984)065<0114:TMOEAA>2.0.CO;2. – reference: TrenberthKEStepaniakDPCaronJMThe global monsoon as seen through the divergent atmospheric circulationJ. Climate2000123969399210.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3969:TGMAST>2.0.CO;2 – reference: ZhouJLauKMDoes the monsoon climate exist over South AmericaJ. Climate199811102010.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1020:DAMCEO>2.0.CO;2 – reference: Sajani Surendran 1999 Simulation of monsoon precipitation and its variation by atmospheric general circulation models; Ph.D. thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. – reference: SimpsonGThe south-west monsoonQuart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.192119917150173 – ident: 916_CR12 – ident: 916_CR35 – volume: 12 start-page: 3969 year: 2000 ident: 916_CR43 publication-title: J. Climate doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3969:TGMAST>2.0.CO;2 – ident: 916_CR41 – ident: 916_CR31 – volume: 199 start-page: 150 issue: 17 year: 1921 ident: 916_CR39 publication-title: Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. – volume: 93 start-page: 182 issue: 2 year: 2007 ident: 916_CR14 publication-title: Curr. Sci. – ident: 916_CR15 doi: 10.1098/rstl.1735.0014 – ident: 916_CR48 – ident: 916_CR6 – volume: 53 start-page: 181 issue: 2 year: 2017 ident: 916_CR23 publication-title: Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. doi: 10.1007/s13143-017-0033-4 – ident: 916_CR24 doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0358:TOAIVO>.2.0.CO;2 – ident: 916_CR34 – volume: 21 start-page: 64 issue: 1 year: 1969 ident: 916_CR3 publication-title: Tellus doi: 10.3402/tellusa.v21i1.10056 – ident: 916_CR17 – volume: 7 start-page: 587 year: 2017 ident: 916_CR19 publication-title: Nature Climate Change doi: 10.1038/nclimate3348 – volume: III start-page: 73 year: 1969 ident: 916_CR7 publication-title: Proc. WMO/IUCG Symp. Numer. Weather Predict, Jpn. Meteorol. Agency – volume: 16 start-page: 153 year: 1686 ident: 916_CR16 publication-title: Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London doi: 10.1098/rstl.1686.0026 – volume: 78 start-page: 2539 year: 1997 ident: 916_CR50 publication-title: Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2539:GPAYMA>2.0.CO;2 – ident: 916_CR21 doi: 10.54302/mausam.v53i3.1646 – volume: 4 start-page: 1147 year: 2003 ident: 916_CR2 publication-title: J. Hydrometeor. doi: 10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1147:TVGPCP>2.0.CO;2 – volume: 28 start-page: 3731 year: 2015 ident: 916_CR46 publication-title: J. Climate doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00612.1 – volume: 36 start-page: 193 year: 1988 ident: 916_CR10 publication-title: Aust. Meteorol. Mag. – volume: 108 start-page: 4407 issue: D14 year: 2003 ident: 916_CR33 publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. doi: 10.1029/2002JD002670 – ident: 916_CR22 doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1984)065<0114:TMOEAA>2.0.CO;2 – volume: 77 start-page: 1275 year: 1996 ident: 916_CR25 publication-title: Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. – volume: 49 start-page: 217 issue: 4 year: 1994 ident: 916_CR28 publication-title: Theor. Appl. Climatol. doi: 10.1007/BF00867461 – volume: 31 start-page: 429 year: 2003 ident: 916_CR11 publication-title: Ann. Rev. Earth. Planet. Sci. doi: 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141251 – volume: 91 start-page: 296 year: 2006 ident: 916_CR30 publication-title: Curr. Sci. – volume: 11 start-page: 1020 year: 1998 ident: 916_CR51 publication-title: J. Climate doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1020:DAMCEO>2.0.CO;2 – ident: 916_CR27 – ident: 916_CR8 – ident: 916_CR9 doi: 10.1007/3-540-37722-0_4 – volume: 107 start-page: 4336 issue: D17 year: 2002 ident: 916_CR4 publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. doi: 10.1029/2001JD000382 – volume: 74 start-page: 431 year: 2002 ident: 916_CR13 publication-title: Agricultural Systems doi: 10.1016/S0308-521X(02)00049-5 – ident: 916_CR36 – ident: 916_CR32 – ident: 916_CR44 doi: 10.1007/3-540-37722-0_2 – volume: 131 start-page: 2961 year: 2005 ident: 916_CR45 publication-title: Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. doi: 10.1256/qj.04.176 – ident: 916_CR18 doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511622977 – volume: 20 start-page: 85 year: 1992 ident: 916_CR26 publication-title: Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ea.20.050192.000505 – volume: 82 start-page: 2217 year: 2001 ident: 916_CR5 publication-title: Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<2217:BTBOBM>2.3.CO;2 – volume: 101 start-page: 33 year: 1973 ident: 916_CR29 publication-title: Mon. Wea. Rev. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1973)101<0033:BOI>2.3.CO;2 – volume: 513 start-page: 45 year: 2014 ident: 916_CR37 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature13636 – ident: 916_CR42 doi: 10.1002/asl.232 – volume: 2 start-page: 437 year: 1996 ident: 916_CR20 publication-title: Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2 – volume: 108 start-page: 1840 year: 1980 ident: 916_CR38 publication-title: Mon. Wea. Rev. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1840:OTMCZA>2.0.CO;2 – ident: 916_CR47 – ident: 916_CR40 doi: 10.1007/BF02878132 – ident: 916_CR1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2197:TNAM>2.0.CO;2 – volume: 103 start-page: 14451 year: 1998 ident: 916_CR49 publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. doi: 10.1029/97JC02719 |
| SSID | ssj0036879 ssj0019438 |
| Score | 2.4847252 |
| Snippet | For well over 300 years, the monsoon has been considered to be a gigantic land–sea breeze driven by the land–ocean contrast in surface temperature. In this... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref springer |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 1 |
| SubjectTerms | Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Equatorial trough Hypotheses Intertropical convergence zone Land-sea breezes Migration Monsoons Precipitation Sea breezes Seasons Space Exploration and Astronautics Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics Summer Summer monsoon Surface temperature Variability Wind |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: ProQuest Central dbid: BENPR link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1NT9tAEB2lQZV6QZS2akpAe-DUalXHu17vIqEIIiigNqoqIqFerPV-nJBNkyAFTvwH_iG_hFl_JKWinO1dW7PjebOe2fcAdr0SKaKWp8w4jRsUK6hGpKWeScGlTYzS4aDwj7E4mfCzi-SiA-P2LExoq2xjYhWobWnCP_KvQVWJJRzxdnj1hwbVqFBdbSU0dCOtYPcrirFXsIYhOYm6sHZ4NP75a1lXUJwtiwxMyJqKL04Y5YNYtEXP6mRdHFrtQghHQBV08RS2VrnoP-XTCpWON2C9SSfJQb3-b6Hjik14_a2S6715BzF6AcE3n5VlQWrS5j3yXRf24e4efZzgftjdOlJOCeaB5PR89Hv4HibHR-ejE9qoJFDDOJ_TAXc2cLArKb32iueJ4yr2wjkxMFI5HTm0HItT6yJlcqsZj2SKC8eUccJI9gG6RVm4j0AQzwY6Vj4VPuUJZ9qlwnqPm5ic596wHkStETLTUIgHJYvLbEV-HOyWod2yYLds0YPPyyFXNX_GSzf3W8tmzac0y0KHISJoEotnL6_8ogdf2sX4a_T_nvXp5cm24A2mRrLuz-5Ddz69dtuYfszzncanHgHBYNMR priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | The monsoon system: Land–sea breeze or the ITCZ? |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12040-017-0916-x https://www.proquest.com/docview/1993471526 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2920354172 |
| Volume | 127 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3JTsMwELVYhMSFHVEolQ-cQEGp7Tg2F9Silr1CqJWAS-Q49gWUorZI0BP_wB_yJYybpAUESJxyiJ1lPPZ7o9kQ2rGSh4Ba1qPaKDBQEu4pQFrPUsGZSAItlUsUvmzxkw47uwlu8jzufhHtXrgkRyf1JNmNuOg3d6oCxnEPiONsAPYJ7MbZ2vHteWPsPJCMjj0JlIus3h4JqMeqhBeezZ-e-BWbJoTzm490BD3NRdQuPjqLOLnffxrE-3r4rZ7jP_9qCS3kVBTXMt1ZRlMmXUFzx6NWvy-riIAGYVDSfreb4qzg8wG-UGny_voG-wODLW2GBnd7GDgkPm0f3R2uoU6z0T468fIOC56mjA28KjOJq98uhbDKShYHhkliuTG8qoU0yjfEp5SEifGljhNFmS9CWHQqteFa0HU0k3ZTs4EwYGFVEWlDbkMWMKpMyBNrwQCKWWw1LSG_kG2k8_LjrgvGQzQpnOxEEYEoIieK6LmEdsdTHrPaG38NLhcLFuXbsB-56ERA34DwH2-7Tl00YMDhSmivWJ5Ps3971-a_Rm-heWBZIgv1LqOZQe_JbAOTGcQV0Nxmvd6q5BoM13qjdXVdQdMdUvsAw0fqkA |
| linkProvider | Springer Nature |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3LbhMxFL0qqRBsUHmJQAtewAZkkdgej41UVVBaEppGCKVSxWbq8WOFZkoTRNtV_6H_04_pl_R6Hgkg6K7rGdua4zs-9_q-AF4GLVNkrUC59QYNFCepQaalgSsplEusNjFReHcsB3vi836yvwQXbS5MDKtsz8TqoHaljXfkb2NXJZ4I5NuNwx80do2K3tW2hYZpWiu49arEWJPYseNPfqEJN10ffsT9fsXY9tZkc0CbLgPUciFmtC-8izXMtVLBBC3yxAvNgvRe9q3S3vQ8rsxZ6nxP29wZLnoqxQ_n2nppFcd5b8GyiBcoHVj-sDX-8nXux9CCz50aXKq69B9LOBV9Jlsna5XJx2JoX6QMJHBJj_-kyYXu-5e7tmLB7RW416iv5H0tb_dhyRcP4Panqj3wyUNgKHUEkZqWZUHqItHvyMgU7vLsHMEiaH_7U0_KI4J6JxlONr9tPIK9G8HrMXSKsvBPgCB_9g3TIZUhFYngxqfShYBGUy7yYHkXei0ImW1KlsfOGd-zRbHliFuGuGURt-y4C6_nQw7reh3XvbzaIps1v-40ixGNyNgJk_98vJDDLrxpN-O30f9b6-n1k72AO4PJ7igbDcc7z-AuqmWqjg1fhc7s6KdfQ9Vnlj9v5IvAwU2L9BU8ZhCv |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1LT9wwEB5RUCsuCPoQ2_Lwob20sti1HcdGQqgFtmyhK1SBhHoJjh-nKqHsIqCn_of-q_6M_pKO89ilVcuNc2In-jzxN5MZzwfwMmiZImsFyq03GKA4SQ0yLQ1cSaFcYrWJB4U_DuX-ifhwmpzOwM_2LEwsq2z3xGqjdqWN_8g3oqoSTwTy7UZoyiKOdvvb519pVJCKmdZWTsM0Mgtuq2o31hzyOPA3VxjOjbYGu7j2rxjr7x3v7NNGcYBaLsSY9oR3sZ-5ViqYoEWeeKFZkN7LnlXam67Ht-Asdb6rbe4MF12VIghcWy-t4jjvA5hLkfUxEJx7tzc8-jTJaWjBJwkOLlXdBpAlnIoek23CtTrVx2KZX6QPJHNJr_-kzKkf_FfqtmLE_iIsNK4seVvb3hLM-OIxPHxfSQXfPAGGFkgQqVFZFqRuGL1JDk3hfn3_gWARjMX9N0_KC4I-KBkc73zefgon94LXM5gtysIvA0Eu7RmmQypDKhLBjU-lCwEDqFzkwfIOdFsQMtu0L48qGl-yaePliFuGuGURt-y6A68nQ87r3h133bzSIps1n_Eoi9WNyN4Jk_-8PLXJDrxpF-PW6P896_ndk63DIzTt7HAwPHgB8-ihqbpMfAVmxxeXfhW9oHG-1pgXgbP7tujfNKgU8w |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+monsoon+system%3A+Land%E2%80%93sea+breeze+or+the+ITCZ%3F&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Earth+System+Science&rft.au=Gadgil%2C+Sulochana&rft.date=2018-02-01&rft.pub=Springer+India&rft.issn=0253-4126&rft.eissn=0973-774X&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12040-017-0916-x&rft.externalDocID=10_1007_s12040_017_0916_x |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0253-4126&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0253-4126&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0253-4126&client=summon |