Recycling electric arc furnace slag through tailoring of ambient-cured alkali-activated mortar mix using hybrid AHP-GRA and TOPSIS

Utilizing Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) as a precursor for alkali-activated mortar production reduces waste and supports alternative cement binders. Since the mix design includes multiple factors, the Taguchi DoE was employed by varying the modifier (fly ash) to precursor (EAFS) ratio (0–75% by m...

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Published inJournal of cleaner production Vol. 452; p. 142216
Main Authors Mishra, Anant, Lahoti, Mukund, Khare, Srishti, Yang, En-Hua
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2024
Subjects
Alkali-activated materials
arc furnaces
cement
compression strength
Electric arc furnace slag
electron microscopy
energy-dispersive X-ray analysis
fluorescence
fly ash
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
GRA
modulus of rupture
Mortar
slags
sodium hydroxide
sodium silicate
TOPSIS
wastes
water uptake
X-radiation
X-ray diffraction
Alkali-activated materials
Mortar
Electric arc furnace slag
TOPSIS
GRA
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0959-6526
DOI10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142216

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Abstract Utilizing Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) as a precursor for alkali-activated mortar production reduces waste and supports alternative cement binders. Since the mix design includes multiple factors, the Taguchi DoE was employed by varying the modifier (fly ash) to precursor (EAFS) ratio (0–75% by mass), activator to precursor ratio (A/P) (0.52–0.66), sodium hydroxide (SH) concentration (8–14 M), and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio (SS/SH) (1.5–3.0). Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) weighted Grey relational analysis (GRA), and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), were utilized to achieve a high performing mix. Performance characteristics encompass flowability (flow%), final setting time (FST), compressive strength (f'cu), and flexural strength (f'cr). The optimized mix possessed 75% flowability, 575 min FST, 38 MPa f'cu, 16 MPa f'cr, and 3.75% water absorption. Precursor-to-modifier ratio dominates the mix design. The three mixes—optimized (M17), top-ranked (M8), and least-ranked (M1) were micro-structurally examined using powdered X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. [Display omitted] •Development of sustainable alkali-activated EAF slag-based mortar.•DoE using Taguchi and optimization using hybrid AHP-GRA and TOPSIS.•Validation experiment on optimal mix confirming optimization results.•High f'cu ∼38 MPa, low Wabs 3.75%, good flow 75%, adequate setting time 575 min.•Development of geopolymeric gel substantiated through SEM-EDS, XRD, and FTIR.
AbstractList Utilizing Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) as a precursor for alkali-activated mortar production reduces waste and supports alternative cement binders. Since the mix design includes multiple factors, the Taguchi DoE was employed by varying the modifier (fly ash) to precursor (EAFS) ratio (0–75% by mass), activator to precursor ratio (A/P) (0.52–0.66), sodium hydroxide (SH) concentration (8–14 M), and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio (SS/SH) (1.5–3.0). Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) weighted Grey relational analysis (GRA), and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), were utilized to achieve a high performing mix. Performance characteristics encompass flowability (flow%), final setting time (FST), compressive strength (f'cᵤ), and flexural strength (f'cᵣ). The optimized mix possessed 75% flowability, 575 min FST, 38 MPa f'cᵤ, 16 MPa f'cᵣ, and 3.75% water absorption. Precursor-to-modifier ratio dominates the mix design. The three mixes—optimized (M17), top-ranked (M8), and least-ranked (M1) were micro-structurally examined using powdered X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Utilizing Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) as a precursor for alkali-activated mortar production reduces waste and supports alternative cement binders. Since the mix design includes multiple factors, the Taguchi DoE was employed by varying the modifier (fly ash) to precursor (EAFS) ratio (0–75% by mass), activator to precursor ratio (A/P) (0.52–0.66), sodium hydroxide (SH) concentration (8–14 M), and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio (SS/SH) (1.5–3.0). Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) weighted Grey relational analysis (GRA), and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), were utilized to achieve a high performing mix. Performance characteristics encompass flowability (flow%), final setting time (FST), compressive strength (f'cu), and flexural strength (f'cr). The optimized mix possessed 75% flowability, 575 min FST, 38 MPa f'cu, 16 MPa f'cr, and 3.75% water absorption. Precursor-to-modifier ratio dominates the mix design. The three mixes—optimized (M17), top-ranked (M8), and least-ranked (M1) were micro-structurally examined using powdered X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. [Display omitted] •Development of sustainable alkali-activated EAF slag-based mortar.•DoE using Taguchi and optimization using hybrid AHP-GRA and TOPSIS.•Validation experiment on optimal mix confirming optimization results.•High f'cu ∼38 MPa, low Wabs 3.75%, good flow 75%, adequate setting time 575 min.•Development of geopolymeric gel substantiated through SEM-EDS, XRD, and FTIR.
ArticleNumber 142216
Author Khare, Srishti
Lahoti, Mukund
Yang, En-Hua
Mishra, Anant
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  fullname: Yang, En-Hua
  organization: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Mortar
Electric arc furnace slag
TOPSIS
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Snippet Utilizing Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) as a precursor for alkali-activated mortar production reduces waste and supports alternative cement binders. Since...
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SubjectTerms Alkali-activated materials
arc furnaces
cement
compression strength
Electric arc furnace slag
electron microscopy
energy-dispersive X-ray analysis
fluorescence
fly ash
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
GRA
modulus of rupture
Mortar
slags
sodium hydroxide
sodium silicate
TOPSIS
wastes
water uptake
X-radiation
X-ray diffraction
Title Recycling electric arc furnace slag through tailoring of ambient-cured alkali-activated mortar mix using hybrid AHP-GRA and TOPSIS
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142216
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3153744853
Volume 452
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