On the use of multitone techniques for assessing RF components' intermodulation distortion

A comprehensive analysis of various techniques currently used for assessing microwave components' nonlinear distortion behavior is presented in this paper. The output of a third-order system subject to a two- or three-tone input is given, and then used as the comparison reference for studying t...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques Vol. 47; no. 12; pp. 2393 - 2402
Main Authors Pedro, J.C., De Carvalho, N.B.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published IEEE 01.12.1999
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0018-9480
DOI10.1109/22.808986

Cover

Abstract A comprehensive analysis of various techniques currently used for assessing microwave components' nonlinear distortion behavior is presented in this paper. The output of a third-order system subject to a two- or three-tone input is given, and then used as the comparison reference for studying the response to a general multitone or random excitation. Theoretical results thus obtained allowed the generalization of standard two-tone intermodulation (IMD) figures of merit, to multitone IMD ratio, multitone or noise adjacent channel power ratio, and noise power ratio (NPR). This approach proved that normal NPR tests produce optimistic results that can be as large as 7 dB when evaluating in-band co-channel power interference.
AbstractList A comprehensive analysis of various techniques currently used for assessing microwave components' nonlinear distortion behavior is presented in this paper. The output of a third-order system subject to a two- or three-tone input is given, and then used as the comparison reference for studying the response to a general multitone or random excitation. Theoretical results thus obtained allowed the generalization of standard two-tone intermodulation (IMD) figures of merit, to multitone IMD ratio, multitone or noise adjacent channel power ratio, and noise power ratio (NPR). This approach proved that normal NPR tests produce optimistic results that can be as large as 7 dB when evaluating in-band co-channel power interference
A comprehensive analysis of various techniques currently used for assessing microwave components' nonlinear distortion behavior is presented in this paper. The output of a third-order system subject to a two- or three-tone input is given, and then used as the comparison reference for studying the response to a general multitone or random excitation. Theoretical results thus obtained allowed the generalization of standard two-tone intermodulation (IMD) figures of merit, to multitone IMD ratio, multitone or noise adjacent channel power ratio, and noise power ratio (NPR). This approach proved that normal NPR tests produce optimistic results that can be as large as 7 dB when evaluating in-band co-channel power interference.
Author Pedro, J.C.
De Carvalho, N.B.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: J.C.
  surname: Pedro
  fullname: Pedro, J.C.
  organization: Inst. de Telecommun., Aveiro Univ., Portugal
– sequence: 2
  givenname: N.B.
  surname: De Carvalho
  fullname: De Carvalho, N.B.
BookMark eNqF0bFOwzAQAFAPRaItDKxMnqgY0l6cOLZHVFFAqlQJwcISOY5DjRK72M7A35PSigEhmO5O9-5k-SZoZJ3VCF2kME9TEAtC5hy44MUIjQFSnoicwymahPA2lDkFPkYvG4vjVuM-aOwa3PVtNHFYg6NWW2veex1w4zyWIegQjH3FjyusXLcbjI1hho2N2neu7lsZjbO4NiE6v0_P0Ekj26DPj3GKnle3T8v7ZL25e1jerBOV5RATKZkAQUSmACooakUUEGhoVrEs44KyIpMprZjI8hSgZqwShLOKFhUwAlRkUzQ77N15t39vLDsTlG5babXrQylSIQgpBBvk1Z-S8JwXtKD_QwY5YyQf4OIAlXcheN2UysSvj4hemrZModyfoiSkPJximLj-MbHzppP-41d7ebBGa_3tjs1PkbeUBw
CODEN IETMAB
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1002_mop_32216
crossref_primary_10_1017_S1759078720000847
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2006_879170
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2021_3117073
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2012_2185309
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2006_879171
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2018_2854186
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2002_802321
crossref_primary_10_1109_22_954784
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2004_840629
crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2018_2833870
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2007_896794
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijleo_2013_03_074
crossref_primary_10_1109_TED_2002_802626
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2021_3092398
crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMM_103_25
crossref_primary_10_7498_aps_69_20200725
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSII_2017_2689794
crossref_primary_10_1063_1_3463295
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_map_2008_0401
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2011_2106070
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2015_2504467
crossref_primary_10_1002_mmce_20113
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_cds_2009_0263
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2003_821259
crossref_primary_10_1002_mmce_20039
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2007_907958
crossref_primary_10_1017_S1759078717001507
crossref_primary_10_1109_MMM_2017_2779679
crossref_primary_10_1109_16_877164
crossref_primary_10_1002_jnm_1842
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2020_3031165
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2024_3474092
crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202416838
crossref_primary_10_1109_16_892164
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2004_839340
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2009_2038655
crossref_primary_10_1109_MMM_2009_934516
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2002_808034
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_map_2009_0278
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2005_848793
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2007_906462
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2010_2100406
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2006_879129
crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMR_717_328
crossref_primary_10_1109_MMM_2008_919938
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2002_1017710
Cites_doi 10.1109/ARFTG.1997.327261
10.1109/22.598446
10.1109/26.403774
10.1109/TCOM.1986.1096492
ContentType Journal Article
DBID RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
8FD
L7M
F28
FR3
DOI 10.1109/22.808986
DatabaseName IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
CrossRef
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering
Engineering Research Database
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Technology Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering
DatabaseTitleList Engineering Research Database
Technology Research Database
Technology Research Database

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EndPage 2402
ExternalDocumentID 10_1109_22_808986
808986
GroupedDBID -~X
.GJ
0R~
29I
3EH
4.4
5GY
5VS
66.
6IK
85S
97E
AAJGR
AARMG
AASAJ
AAWTH
ABAZT
ABQJQ
ABVLG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIWK
ACNCT
AENEX
AETIX
AGQYO
AGSQL
AHBIQ
AI.
AIBXA
AKJIK
AKQYR
ALLEH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ATWAV
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
CS3
DU5
EBS
EJD
F5P
HZ~
H~9
IAAWW
IBMZZ
ICLAB
IDIHD
IFIPE
IFJZH
IPLJI
JAVBF
LAI
M43
O9-
OCL
P2P
RIA
RIE
RNS
RXW
TAE
TAF
TN5
VH1
VJK
VOH
AAYXX
CITATION
RIG
7SP
8FD
L7M
F28
FR3
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c340t-aa7909293c00b06dc2c020f53b733895763a15b7934100d77b9287b56b0720593
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISSN 0018-9480
IngestDate Sun Sep 28 07:35:28 EDT 2025
Sun Sep 28 01:15:16 EDT 2025
Sat Sep 27 21:04:17 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:10:31 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 03:22:09 EDT 2025
Tue Aug 26 21:00:19 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 12
Language English
License https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c340t-aa7909293c00b06dc2c020f53b733895763a15b7934100d77b9287b56b0720593
Notes SourceType-Scholarly Journals-2
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Conference Paper-1
content type line 23
SourceType-Conference Papers & Proceedings-1
ObjectType-Article-3
ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-1
PQID 27047724
PQPubID 23500
PageCount 10
ParticipantIDs ieee_primary_808986
proquest_miscellaneous_27047724
crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_22_808986
proquest_miscellaneous_919922697
proquest_miscellaneous_28486565
crossref_primary_10_1109_22_808986
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 1900
PublicationDate 1999-12-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 1999-12-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 12
  year: 1999
  text: 1999-12-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 1990
PublicationTitle IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques
PublicationTitleAbbrev TMTT
PublicationYear 1999
Publisher IEEE
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
References schetzen (ref8) 1980
hassun (ref5) 1997
staudinger (ref1) 1997; 9
ref4
wu (ref2) 1998; 41
ref3
thomas (ref10) 1969
ref6
ref11
maas (ref9) 1988
leffel (ref7) 1985
References_xml – year: 1969
  ident: ref10
  publication-title: An Introduction to Statistical Communication Theory
– start-page: 78
  year: 1985
  ident: ref7
  article-title: intermodulation distortion in a multi-signal environment
  publication-title: R F Des
– ident: ref6
  doi: 10.1109/ARFTG.1997.327261
– volume: 9
  start-page: 62
  year: 1997
  ident: ref1
  article-title: specifying power amplifier linearity via intermodulation distortion and channel spectral regrowth
  publication-title: Appl Microwave Wireless
– ident: ref11
  doi: 10.1109/22.598446
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.1109/26.403774
– ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1109/TCOM.1986.1096492
– volume: 41
  start-page: 22
  year: 1998
  ident: ref2
  article-title: linear rf power amplifier design for cdma signals: a spectrum analysis approach
  publication-title: Microwave J
– year: 1980
  ident: ref8
  publication-title: The Volterra and Wiener Theories of Nonlinear Systems
– start-page: 88
  year: 1997
  ident: ref5
  article-title: comparing analog and digital techniques for measuring noise power ratio
  publication-title: Microwave J
– year: 1988
  ident: ref9
  publication-title: Nonlinear Microwave Circuits
SSID ssj0014508
Score 2.0067291
Snippet A comprehensive analysis of various techniques currently used for assessing microwave components' nonlinear distortion behavior is presented in this paper. The...
SourceID proquest
crossref
ieee
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 2393
SubjectTerms Bandwidth
Channels
Distortion
Distortion measurement
Interference
Intermodulation
Intermodulation distortion
Microwave theory and techniques
Microwaves
Noise
Noise figure
Noise levels
Nonlinear distortion
Radio frequency
Signal to noise ratio
Testing
Title On the use of multitone techniques for assessing RF components' intermodulation distortion
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/808986
https://www.proquest.com/docview/27047724
https://www.proquest.com/docview/28486565
https://www.proquest.com/docview/919922697
Volume 47
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVIEE
  databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  issn: 0018-9480
  databaseCode: RIE
  dateStart: 19630101
  customDbUrl:
  isFulltext: true
  dateEnd: 99991231
  titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0014508
  providerName: IEEE
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1LS8QwEA7unvTgY1Vcn0EEvXQ3TdMmOYq4LIIK4oJ4KUmaXtSubNuLv95J2l184y2ECSl5ftP58g1CJ1SaXJPY0Qa1Cpi0YaBVkge5DqWlBlwiL7t4fZOMJ-zqIX5odbb9WxhrrSef2YEr-lh-NjW1-1U2FERIkXRQh3PZPNVaBAxYTNpDF_YvE6QVEQqJHFI6aBp-unp8LpVvB7C_VUZrzXPt0osROjLJ06Cu9MC8fZFq_OcHr6PVFl3i82Y5bKAlW_TQygfNwU30eFtgAH24Li2e5tgTCp0gN16ouZYYgCxWPhoMTfDdCDviOdgUVXmKncDE7GWatXm_cOaFRlxxC01Gl_cX46BNsBCYiJEqUIpLAvgoMoRokmSGGkCPeRxpDp6rBFckUmGsYQuzkJCMcy3BwdJxogmnLhfgNuoW0PsOwkoLQ60wUuQZzLjRMtcs5lHGhVVMyD46m499alr1cZcE4zn1XgiRKaVpM1x9dLwwfW0kN34y6rnhXhjMa4_m85nCNnGxD1XYaV2mlBMGjgT7w0IwAeA27iP8i4V0VF2aSL77Y-d7aNlrOniuyz7qVrPaHgBiqfShX6vvz-Lqmg
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1LT9wwELZ4HAoHWhZQF0qxKiR6ya7j2LF9RIjVtjwqoV1p1UtkO84FmkUkufTXd-xkV1Ae4mZZYzny8_sy428QOqbKFoZwHzZodMSUiyOj0yIqTKwctUCJguzi1XU6nrKfMz7rdLbDWxjnXAg-cwNfDL78fG4b_6tsKIlUMl1F6xxIhWgfay1dBoyT7tiFHcwk6WSEYqKGlA7apk8un5BN5dkRHO6V0cf2wXYV5Ah9OMntoKnNwP79T6zxnZ_8CW11-BKftgtiG624soc2H6kO7qDfv0oMsA83lcPzAoeQQi_JjZd6rhUGKIt18AdDE3wzwj70HGzKujrBXmLi4c887zJ_4TxIjfjiLpqOzidn46hLsRDZhJE60looAggpsYQYkuaWWsCPBU-MAO6qgIwkOuYGNjGLCcmFMAooluGpIYL6bIB7aK2E3j8jrI201EmrZJHDnFujCsO4SHIhnWZS9dH3xdhnttMf92kw7rLAQ4jKKM3a4eqjb0vT-1Z04yWjnh_upcGi9mgxnxlsFO_90KWbN1VGBWFAJdgbFpJJgLe8j_ArFsoH69JUif0XOz9CH8aTq8vs8sf1xQHaCAoPIfLlC1qrHxp3CPilNl_Duv0HRC_t6w
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+the+use+of+multitone+techniques+for+assessing+RF+components%27+intermodulation+distortion&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+microwave+theory+and+techniques&rft.au=Pedro%2C+Jose+Carlos&rft.au=de+Carvalho%2C+Nuno+Borges&rft.date=1999-12-01&rft.issn=0018-9480&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2393&rft.epage=2402&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2F22.808986&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0018-9480&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0018-9480&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0018-9480&client=summon