Associations Between Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Depression
This study investigated the associations between Chlamydia trachomatis and depression in subjects with and without urogenital symptoms, in males and females, and across different severities of depression. We reviewed electronic medical records from the University of Louisville Campus Health Services...
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Published in | Sexually transmitted diseases Vol. 52; no. 9; p. 554 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
01.09.2025
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get more information |
ISSN | 1537-4521 |
DOI | 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000002185 |
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Abstract | This study investigated the associations between Chlamydia trachomatis and depression in subjects with and without urogenital symptoms, in males and females, and across different severities of depression.
We reviewed electronic medical records from the University of Louisville Campus Health Services. Data on mood, C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection statuses, symptoms, age, sex, and the use of alcohol, cigarettes, and illicit drugs were analyzed.
Across the entire study cohort (n = 839), C. trachomatis infection was associated with an increased likelihood of reporting depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.69). The odds of reporting depression remained elevated when the analysis was restricted to infected patients without urogenital symptoms (aOR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.07-2.80). In a sex-stratified analysis, C. trachomatis infection was associated with a statistically significant increased odds of reporting depression in females (aOR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.25-3.45) but not in males. When subjects were categorized according to an ordered scale of depression, C. trachomatis infection was associated with increased odds of falling into a more severe category (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.251-2.694). Finally, using a within-subject design, patients were more likely to report depression when infected at the time of the appointment compared with when the same patients were uninfected (OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.22-9.69).
Our results are consistent with C. trachomatis contributing to the spectrum of depression independent of urogenital symptoms. We propose that these depression findings may result from an immune system response that lowers serotonin availability. |
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AbstractList | This study investigated the associations between Chlamydia trachomatis and depression in subjects with and without urogenital symptoms, in males and females, and across different severities of depression.
We reviewed electronic medical records from the University of Louisville Campus Health Services. Data on mood, C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection statuses, symptoms, age, sex, and the use of alcohol, cigarettes, and illicit drugs were analyzed.
Across the entire study cohort (n = 839), C. trachomatis infection was associated with an increased likelihood of reporting depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.69). The odds of reporting depression remained elevated when the analysis was restricted to infected patients without urogenital symptoms (aOR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.07-2.80). In a sex-stratified analysis, C. trachomatis infection was associated with a statistically significant increased odds of reporting depression in females (aOR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.25-3.45) but not in males. When subjects were categorized according to an ordered scale of depression, C. trachomatis infection was associated with increased odds of falling into a more severe category (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.251-2.694). Finally, using a within-subject design, patients were more likely to report depression when infected at the time of the appointment compared with when the same patients were uninfected (OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.22-9.69).
Our results are consistent with C. trachomatis contributing to the spectrum of depression independent of urogenital symptoms. We propose that these depression findings may result from an immune system response that lowers serotonin availability. |
Author | Swain Ewald, Holly A Steffens, Nathan Ewald, Paul W Doyle, Caroline Bressoud, Phillip F |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nathan orcidid: 0009-0002-3048-4440 surname: Steffens fullname: Steffens, Nathan – sequence: 2 givenname: Caroline surname: Doyle fullname: Doyle, Caroline organization: Department of Biology, Bellarmine University – sequence: 3 givenname: Phillip F surname: Bressoud fullname: Bressoud, Phillip F organization: Campus Health Services, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY – sequence: 4 givenname: Holly A surname: Swain Ewald fullname: Swain Ewald, Holly A organization: From the Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY – sequence: 5 givenname: Paul W surname: Ewald fullname: Ewald, Paul W organization: From the Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY |
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SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Chlamydia Infections - complications Chlamydia Infections - epidemiology Chlamydia Infections - microbiology Chlamydia Infections - psychology Chlamydia trachomatis - isolation & purification Depression - epidemiology Female Gonorrhea - epidemiology Gonorrhea - psychology Humans Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Young Adult |
Title | Associations Between Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Depression |
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