Electronic nose system on the Zynq SoC platform

• Published in: Microprocessors and microsystems Vol. 53; pp. 145 - 156
• Main Authors: Ait Si Ali, Amine, Djelouat, Hamza, Amira, Abbes, Bensaali, Faycal, Benammar, Mohieddine, Bermak, Amine
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier B.V 01.08.2017; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Co-design; Computer simulation; Decision analysis; Gas mixtures; Hardware; High level synthesis; Microprocessors; Nose; Optimization algorithms; Pattern recognition; Pattern recognition systems; Pipelining (computers); Power consumption; Principal components analysis; Sensor arrays; Sensors; Software; Studies; System on chip
• ISSN: 0141-9331; 1872-9436
• DOI: 10.1016/j.micpro.2017.07.012

•Novel hardware implementation of principal component analysis and decision tree on the Zynq SoC.•Hardware/software co-design approach.•Hardware optimizations using high level synthesis.•Pattern recognition for gas identification.•Hardware acceleration of electronic nose. Electronic nose or machine olfaction are systems used for detection and identification of odorous compounds and gas mixtures. An electronic nose system is mainly made of two parts, the sensing part which takes the form of a single or a set of sensors and the processing part which takes the form of some pattern recognition algorithms. As an alternative solution to pure software or hardware implementation of the processing part of a gas identification system, this paper proposes a hardware/software co-design approach using the Zynq platform for the implementation of an electronic nose system based on principal component analysis as a dimensionality reduction technique and decision tree as a classification algorithm using two different sensors array, a 4 × 4 in-house fabricated sensor and a commercial one based on 7 Figaro sensors, for comparison purpose. The system was successfully trained and simulated in MATLAB environment prior to the implementation on the Zynq platform. Various scenarios were explored and discussed including the investigation of different combination of principal components as well as the utilization of drift compensation technique to improve the identification accuracy. High level synthesis was carried out on the proposed designs using different optimization directives including loop unrolling, array partitioning and pipelining. Hardware implementation results on the Zynq system on chip show that real-time performances can be achieved for proposed electronic nose systems using hardware/software co-design approach with a single ARM processor running at 667 MHz and the programmable logic running at 142 MHz. In addition, using the designed IP cores and for the best scenarios, a gas can be identified in 3.46 μs using the 4 × 4 sensor and 0.55 μs using the Figaro sensors. Furthermore, it has been noticed that the choice of the sensor array has an important impact on performances in terms of accuracy and processing time. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the programmable logic of the Zynq platform consumes much less power than the processing system.