Efficient fault tolerant cache memory design

• Published in: Microprocessing and microprogramming Vol. 41; no. 2; pp. 153 - 169
• Main Authors: Verges, H.T., Nikolos, D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.05.1995; North-Holland
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Cache memory; Computer science; control theory; systems; Computer systems and distributed systems. User interface; Computer systems performance. Reliability; Exact sciences and technology; Fault-tolerance; Memory and file management (including protection and security); Memory organisation. Data processing; Operational faults; Performance availability; Software; Yield improvement; Performance availability; Yield improvement; Operational faults; Fault-tolerance; Cache memory; Access time; Fault tolerance; System performance; Critical path; Error detection; Error correcting code; Delay time; Optimization
• ISSN: 0165-6074
• DOI: 10.1016/0165-6074(95)00004-8

In this paper we firstly discuss the consequences of cache memory defects/faults in the operation of the system and we show that cache tag defects/faults compared to cache data defects/faults may cause significantly more serious consequences on the integrity and performance of the system. A possible solution is the use of a single error correcting-double error detecting (SEC/DED) code in the cache tag memory. However, the classical implementation of the SEC/DED code is proved to be inappropriate for the tag memory due to the required silicon area and time delays. In this paper we propose a new way of the SEC/DED code exploitation well-suited to cache tag memories. During fault free operation the proposed technique does not add any delay on the critical path of the cache, while in the case of a single error the delay is so small that the cache access time is increased by at most one CPU cycle. An example design shows the superiority of the proposed technique against the classical one. The application of the proposed scheme to real and virtual addressed caches of one or two levels is also discussed.