46,XY and 45,X/46,XY testicular dysgenesis: similar gonadal and genital phenotype, different prognosis
The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD)...
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Published in | Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia Vol. 54; no. 3; pp. 331 - 334 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Brazil
Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia
01.03.2010
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ISSN | 0004-2730 1677-9487 0004-2730 1677-9487 |
DOI | 10.1590/S0004-27302010000300013 |
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Abstract | The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD). One case was reported including clinical and laboratory findings of a child of 41-day-old infant with 1.3-cm phallus, penoscrotal hypospadias and left prepubertal testis. Karyotype 46,XY (16 cells), normal hormone levels. Right streak gonad, epididymis and müllerian remnants were removed; initial diagnosis was XYPGD. Persistent growth retardation led to further cytogenetic analysis (50 cells) and detection of a 45,X cell line. Detection of a 45,X lineage changed both the diagnosis to MGD and also the prognosis.The number of cells analyzed in karyotyping is critical. Use of MGD and XYPGD to designate both a histological picture and a syndromic diagnosis, results in lack of emphasis on clinical differences between 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY subjects.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a mudança no diagnóstico e no prognóstico de criança com disgenesia testicular e cariótipo 46,XY após detecção de linhagem 45,X e discutir as dificuldades causadas pelas denominações disgenesia gonadal mista (DGM) e disgenesia gonadal parcial XY (DGPXY). Relatou-se um caso incluindo achados clínicos e laboratoriais de uma criança de 41 dias com falo de 1,3 cm, hipospadia penoescrotal e testículo pré-puberal à esquerda. Cariótipo 46,XY (16 células), níveis hormonais normais. Gônada direita (disgenética), epidídimo e remanescentes müllerianos foram removidos; o diagnóstico inicial foi DGPXY. Retardo de crescimento persistente levou à ampliação da análise citogenética (50 células) e à detecção de linhagem 45,X. A detecção de linhagem 45,X modificou o diagnóstico para DGM e também o prognóstico. No cariótipo, o número de células analisadas é crítico. O uso de DGM e DGPXY para designar tanto quadro histológico quanto diagnóstico clínico resulta em falta de ênfase nas diferenças clínicas entre indivíduos 46,XY e 45,X/46,XY. |
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AbstractList | The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD). One case was reported including clinical and laboratory findings of a child of 41-day-old infant with 1.3-cm phallus, penoscrotal hypospadias and left prepubertal testis. Karyotype 46,XY (16 cells), normal hormone levels. Right streak gonad, epididymis and müllerian remnants were removed; initial diagnosis was XYPGD. Persistent growth retardation led to further cytogenetic analysis (50 cells) and detection of a 45,X cell line. Detection of a 45,X lineage changed both the diagnosis to MGD and also the prognosis.The number of cells analyzed in karyotyping is critical. Use of MGD and XYPGD to designate both a histological picture and a syndromic diagnosis, results in lack of emphasis on clinical differences between 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY subjects.The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD). One case was reported including clinical and laboratory findings of a child of 41-day-old infant with 1.3-cm phallus, penoscrotal hypospadias and left prepubertal testis. Karyotype 46,XY (16 cells), normal hormone levels. Right streak gonad, epididymis and müllerian remnants were removed; initial diagnosis was XYPGD. Persistent growth retardation led to further cytogenetic analysis (50 cells) and detection of a 45,X cell line. Detection of a 45,X lineage changed both the diagnosis to MGD and also the prognosis.The number of cells analyzed in karyotyping is critical. Use of MGD and XYPGD to designate both a histological picture and a syndromic diagnosis, results in lack of emphasis on clinical differences between 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY subjects. The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD). One case was reported including clinical and laboratory findings of a child of 41-day-old infant with 1.3-cm phallus, penoscrotal hypospadias and left prepubertal testis. Karyotype 46,XY (16 cells), normal hormone levels. Right streak gonad, epididymis and müllerian remnants were removed; initial diagnosis was XYPGD. Persistent growth retardation led to further cytogenetic analysis (50 cells) and detection of a 45,X cell line. Detection of a 45,X lineage changed both the diagnosis to MGD and also the prognosis.The number of cells analyzed in karyotyping is critical. Use of MGD and XYPGD to designate both a histological picture and a syndromic diagnosis, results in lack of emphasis on clinical differences between 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY subjects. The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD). One case was reported including clinical and laboratory findings of a child of 41-day-old infant with 1.3-cm phallus, penoscrotal hypospadias and left prepubertal testis. Karyotype 46,XY (16 cells), normal hormone levels. Right streak gonad, epididymis and müllerian remnants were removed; initial diagnosis was XYPGD. Persistent growth retardation led to further cytogenetic analysis (50 cells) and detection of a 45,X cell line. Detection of a 45,X lineage changed both the diagnosis to MGD and also the prognosis.The number of cells analyzed in karyotyping is critical. Use of MGD and XYPGD to designate both a histological picture and a syndromic diagnosis, results in lack of emphasis on clinical differences between 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY subjects. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a mudança no diagnóstico e no prognóstico de criança com disgenesia testicular e cariótipo 46,XY após detecção de linhagem 45,X e discutir as dificuldades causadas pelas denominações disgenesia gonadal mista (DGM) e disgenesia gonadal parcial XY (DGPXY). Relatou-se um caso incluindo achados clínicos e laboratoriais de uma criança de 41 dias com falo de 1,3 cm, hipospadia penoescrotal e testículo pré-puberal à esquerda. Cariótipo 46,XY (16 células), níveis hormonais normais. Gônada direita (disgenética), epidídimo e remanescentes müllerianos foram removidos; o diagnóstico inicial foi DGPXY. Retardo de crescimento persistente levou à ampliação da análise citogenética (50 células) e à detecção de linhagem 45,X. A detecção de linhagem 45,X modificou o diagnóstico para DGM e também o prognóstico. No cariótipo, o número de células analisadas é crítico. O uso de DGM e DGPXY para designar tanto quadro histológico quanto diagnóstico clínico resulta em falta de ênfase nas diferenças clínicas entre indivíduos 46,XY e 45,X/46,XY. |
Author | Maciel-Guerra, Andréa Trevas Guerra-Júnior, Gil Andrade, Juliana Gabriel Ribeiro de |
AuthorAffiliation | Universidade Estadual de Campinas |
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Cites_doi | 10.1210/jc.2006-1374 10.1093/bmb/ldn015 10.1297/cpe.15.109 10.1590/S0004-27302003000200004 10.1542/peds.104.2.304 10.1016/j.juro.2008.06.043 10.1590/S0004-27302005000100008 10.1034/j.1600-0463.2003.1110104.x 10.1007/BF02751566 10.1136/adc.2006.098319 |
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References | Telvi L (ref7) 1999; 104 Hjerrild BE (ref9) 2008; 86 Hook EB (ref10) 1977; 29 Takahashi I (ref11) 2006; 15 Hughes IA (ref1) 2006; 91 (ref5) 2005; 49 Lee PA (ref2) 2006; 118 Chemes H (ref4) 2003; 111 Salmasi AH (ref12) 2008; 180 Bondy CA (ref8) 2007; 92 Scolfaro MR (ref3) 2003; 47 Rohatgi M (ref6) 1992; 59 Hughes, IA; Houk, C; Ahmed, SF; Lee, PA 2006; 91 Hook, EB 1977; 29 Lee, PA; Houk, CP; Ahmed, SF; Hughes, IA 2006; 118 Salmasi, AH; Wisniewski, AB; Novak, TE; Gearhart, JP; Migeon, CJ; Lakshmanan, Y 2008; 180 Hjerrild, BE; Mortensen, KH; Gravholt, CH 2008; 86 Bondy, CA 2007; 92 2005; 49 Takahashi, I; Miyamoto, J; Hasegawa, Y 2006; 15 Scolfaro, MR; Cardinalli, IA; Guerra-Junior, G 2003; 47 Telvi, L; Lebbar, A; Del Pino, O; Barbet, JP; Chaussain, JL 1999; 104 Chemes, H; Muzulin, PM; Venara, MC; Mulhmann Mdel, C; Martínez, M; Gamboni, M 2003; 111 Rohatgi, M; Gupta, DK; Menon, PS; Verma, IC; Mathur, M 1992; 59 |
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SubjectTerms | Diagnosis, Differential ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY - genetics Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY - pathology Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed - genetics Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed - pathology Humans Infant Male Phenotype Prognosis Testis - abnormalities Testis - pathology |
Title | 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY testicular dysgenesis: similar gonadal and genital phenotype, different prognosis |
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