46,XY and 45,X/46,XY testicular dysgenesis: similar gonadal and genital phenotype, different prognosis

The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD)...

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Published inArquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia Vol. 54; no. 3; pp. 331 - 334
Main Authors Andrade, Juliana Gabriel Ribeiro de, Guerra-Júnior, Gil, Maciel-Guerra, Andréa Trevas
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Brazil Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia 01.03.2010
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ISSN0004-2730
1677-9487
0004-2730
1677-9487
DOI10.1590/S0004-27302010000300013

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Abstract The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD). One case was reported including clinical and laboratory findings of a child of 41-day-old infant with 1.3-cm phallus, penoscrotal hypospadias and left prepubertal testis. Karyotype 46,XY (16 cells), normal hormone levels. Right streak gonad, epididymis and müllerian remnants were removed; initial diagnosis was XYPGD. Persistent growth retardation led to further cytogenetic analysis (50 cells) and detection of a 45,X cell line. Detection of a 45,X lineage changed both the diagnosis to MGD and also the prognosis.The number of cells analyzed in karyotyping is critical. Use of MGD and XYPGD to designate both a histological picture and a syndromic diagnosis, results in lack of emphasis on clinical differences between 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY subjects. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a mudança no diagnóstico e no prognóstico de criança com disgenesia testicular e cariótipo 46,XY após detecção de linhagem 45,X e discutir as dificuldades causadas pelas denominações disgenesia gonadal mista (DGM) e disgenesia gonadal parcial XY (DGPXY). Relatou-se um caso incluindo achados clínicos e laboratoriais de uma criança de 41 dias com falo de 1,3 cm, hipospadia penoescrotal e testículo pré-puberal à esquerda. Cariótipo 46,XY (16 células), níveis hormonais normais. Gônada direita (disgenética), epidídimo e remanescentes müllerianos foram removidos; o diagnóstico inicial foi DGPXY. Retardo de crescimento persistente levou à ampliação da análise citogenética (50 células) e à detecção de linhagem 45,X. A detecção de linhagem 45,X modificou o diagnóstico para DGM e também o prognóstico. No cariótipo, o número de células analisadas é crítico. O uso de DGM e DGPXY para designar tanto quadro histológico quanto diagnóstico clínico resulta em falta de ênfase nas diferenças clínicas entre indivíduos 46,XY e 45,X/46,XY.
AbstractList The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD). One case was reported including clinical and laboratory findings of a child of 41-day-old infant with 1.3-cm phallus, penoscrotal hypospadias and left prepubertal testis. Karyotype 46,XY (16 cells), normal hormone levels. Right streak gonad, epididymis and müllerian remnants were removed; initial diagnosis was XYPGD. Persistent growth retardation led to further cytogenetic analysis (50 cells) and detection of a 45,X cell line. Detection of a 45,X lineage changed both the diagnosis to MGD and also the prognosis.The number of cells analyzed in karyotyping is critical. Use of MGD and XYPGD to designate both a histological picture and a syndromic diagnosis, results in lack of emphasis on clinical differences between 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY subjects.The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD). One case was reported including clinical and laboratory findings of a child of 41-day-old infant with 1.3-cm phallus, penoscrotal hypospadias and left prepubertal testis. Karyotype 46,XY (16 cells), normal hormone levels. Right streak gonad, epididymis and müllerian remnants were removed; initial diagnosis was XYPGD. Persistent growth retardation led to further cytogenetic analysis (50 cells) and detection of a 45,X cell line. Detection of a 45,X lineage changed both the diagnosis to MGD and also the prognosis.The number of cells analyzed in karyotyping is critical. Use of MGD and XYPGD to designate both a histological picture and a syndromic diagnosis, results in lack of emphasis on clinical differences between 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY subjects.
The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD). One case was reported including clinical and laboratory findings of a child of 41-day-old infant with 1.3-cm phallus, penoscrotal hypospadias and left prepubertal testis. Karyotype 46,XY (16 cells), normal hormone levels. Right streak gonad, epididymis and müllerian remnants were removed; initial diagnosis was XYPGD. Persistent growth retardation led to further cytogenetic analysis (50 cells) and detection of a 45,X cell line. Detection of a 45,X lineage changed both the diagnosis to MGD and also the prognosis.The number of cells analyzed in karyotyping is critical. Use of MGD and XYPGD to designate both a histological picture and a syndromic diagnosis, results in lack of emphasis on clinical differences between 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY subjects.
The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD). One case was reported including clinical and laboratory findings of a child of 41-day-old infant with 1.3-cm phallus, penoscrotal hypospadias and left prepubertal testis. Karyotype 46,XY (16 cells), normal hormone levels. Right streak gonad, epididymis and müllerian remnants were removed; initial diagnosis was XYPGD. Persistent growth retardation led to further cytogenetic analysis (50 cells) and detection of a 45,X cell line. Detection of a 45,X lineage changed both the diagnosis to MGD and also the prognosis.The number of cells analyzed in karyotyping is critical. Use of MGD and XYPGD to designate both a histological picture and a syndromic diagnosis, results in lack of emphasis on clinical differences between 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY subjects. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a mudança no diagnóstico e no prognóstico de criança com disgenesia testicular e cariótipo 46,XY após detecção de linhagem 45,X e discutir as dificuldades causadas pelas denominações disgenesia gonadal mista (DGM) e disgenesia gonadal parcial XY (DGPXY). Relatou-se um caso incluindo achados clínicos e laboratoriais de uma criança de 41 dias com falo de 1,3 cm, hipospadia penoescrotal e testículo pré-puberal à esquerda. Cariótipo 46,XY (16 células), níveis hormonais normais. Gônada direita (disgenética), epidídimo e remanescentes müllerianos foram removidos; o diagnóstico inicial foi DGPXY. Retardo de crescimento persistente levou à ampliação da análise citogenética (50 células) e à detecção de linhagem 45,X. A detecção de linhagem 45,X modificou o diagnóstico para DGM e também o prognóstico. No cariótipo, o número de células analisadas é crítico. O uso de DGM e DGPXY para designar tanto quadro histológico quanto diagnóstico clínico resulta em falta de ênfase nas diferenças clínicas entre indivíduos 46,XY e 45,X/46,XY.
Author Maciel-Guerra, Andréa Trevas
Guerra-Júnior, Gil
Andrade, Juliana Gabriel Ribeiro de
AuthorAffiliation Universidade Estadual de Campinas
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10.1093/bmb/ldn015
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SubjectTerms Diagnosis, Differential
ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY - genetics
Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY - pathology
Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed - genetics
Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed - pathology
Humans
Infant
Male
Phenotype
Prognosis
Testis - abnormalities
Testis - pathology
Title 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY testicular dysgenesis: similar gonadal and genital phenotype, different prognosis
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